Depression in mothers affects child’s well-being too

When a mother is depressed, her children suffer too, proves a recent study which claims that mild long-term depression in mothers can cause emotional problems like hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and anxiety in their small children.

The study investigated how the depressive symptoms of both parents affected the child by the age of two and five.

The father's depressive symptoms affected the child's emotional problems only if the mother was depressed as well. The mother's symptoms, however, affected the child even if the father was not depressed.

Moderate depressive symptoms can be observed in over 20 per cent of parents in Finland. Most serious symptoms are seen in less than 9 per cent of mothers and around 2.5 per cent of fathers.

"Depression among parents both during and after pregnancy not only affects the person suffering from depression but also has a long-term impact on the well-being of the newborn child. Even in cases of mild depression, it is important that the symptoms are identified and the parents are offered support as early as possible, if necessary already during the pregnancy," explained a researcher.

"In families, depression experienced by the mother has a key impact on the child's well-being. In Finland, the maternity clinic system functions well, but attention should be paid to depressive symptoms among mothers over a longer period: from the pregnancy through to the end of the child's first year of age," she added.

The depression of one parent is a factor that can put the other parent at risk of depression as well. In addition, depressive symptoms among mothers and fathers are quite long-term: they can start already during pregnancy and continue past the child's first birthday.

"It is important to monitor the mental well-being of both parents during pregnancy and after the birth of the child, and if one parent shows symptoms of depression then the symptoms of the other parent should also be examined. Currently, however, fathers' psychological well-being is not necessarily covered by depression questionnaires in maternity clinics, for example," the researcher pointed out.

Long-term depression is an indication that the depression may have been experienced already before the pregnancy. Previous experience of depression was, in fact, one of the key risk factors for moderate or severe depressive symptoms.

Other significant risk factors included sleep deprivation during pregnancy, stress, anxiety and a bad family environment. These most prominent risk factors were predictors for depression among both mothers and fathers.

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Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids

Paracetamol has been the preferred choice and used routinely during all stages of pregnancy to reduce a high temperature and for pain relief. There's no clear evidence, it has any harmful effects on an unborn baby. But, a new study has found strong links between its use during pregnancy to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids.

Obtaining a strong link between the use of paracetamol in mid-pregnancy and behaviour of off-spring, a study showed that paracetamol use between 18 and 32 weeks gestation is linked with negative neuro-cognitive outcomes leading to hyperactivity and attention problems in pre-school of the child. 

Backing the previous studies which have suggested possible adverse effects of paracetamol ( acetaminophen) consumption in pregnancy on the cognition, and childhood behaviour, particularly involving hyperactivity and / or attention problems, the present study used a large prospective cohort of 14, 062 children, linked to information on child cognitive and behavioural outcomes from 6 months to 17 years and have come into a conclusion that paracetamol consumption between 18 and 32 weeks gestation was associated with adverse trends in pre-school child behaviour, but the associations were no longer present by the end of primary school ( age 10-11 years). This particular Trend was more profound in boys than girls.

Our findings add to a series of results concerning evidence of the possible adverse effects of taking paracetamol during pregnancy such as issues with asthma or behaviour in the offspring. It reinforces the advice that women should be cautious when taking medication during pregnancy and to seek medical advice where necessary.

Using questionnaire and school information from Bristol's Children of the 90s study, researchers examined 14,000 children. When they were 7 months pregnant 43% of their mothers said they had taken paracetamol ' sometimes' or more often during the previous 3 months. Researchers examined results of the children's memory. IQ and pre-school development tests, temperament and behaviour measures.

They found an association between paracetamol intake and hyperactivity and attention problems as well as with other difficult behaviours with young children that were not accounted for by the reasons why the medication was taken or social factors. However, this was no longer the case by the time the children reached the end of primary school. Boys appeared to be more susceptible than girls to the possible behavioral effects of the drug.

The author commented that , " It is important that our findings are tested in other studies-- we were not in a position to show a casual link, rather an association between two outcomes. It would also be useful now to assess whether older children and adults are free of behavioural problems if their mother had taken paracetamol.

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Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/paracetamol-mid-pregnancy-cognitive-decline-in-pre-school-of-offspring/

Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/paracetamol-mid-pregnancy-cognitive-decline-in-pre-school-of-offspring/

Important Information About and Criteria for ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a serious medical problem that affects people's ability to concentrate and learn for a long time, but unfortunately, there are still people who underestimate the importance of the phenomenon and don’t know how to recognize it. First of all, it’s important to know that in a person without ADHD, the hormone dopamine is normally released between cells in the brain, making for the process where one can focus on something which occurs thanks to a hormonal balance in the mechanism that prevents dopamine from releasing uncontrollably.

In people with ADHD, this mechanism is "too effective" and keeps all dopamine in the cells, creating a condition in which this essential hormone does not pass between the cells, and the person has a short thread of thought preventing him or her from focusing on something for a long time. This focus is a bit different when it comes to computer or television time because these devices provide a high level of stimulation, and therefore release addictive substances that "suck in" the viewer.

The failure to release dopamine creates a chain reaction that affects about 15 other chemical substances in the brain, including adrenaline. While dopamine passes properly between cells, as is the case with those who do not suffer from the phenomenon, adrenaline is released in the brain. Therefore, those with ADHD - whose dopamine transition does not function properly - have a constant deficiency of this hormone. Because of this, they function best under stress: getting a paper done close to when its due or studying for an important test the night before - because it is this feeling of stress that releases the adrenaline in their brain, and then dopamine starts to move slightly better between cells, to the point where they can concentrate almost as well as anyone who doesn’t have the disorder.

A person with ADHD is born this way, and therefore, aren’t familiar with an existence of mental quiet and being able to focus. The main concern for a person suffering from this disorder is the personal experience of difficulty in general, not necessarily in terms of education or work. Often, people with attention disorders are intelligent and therefore succeed in school, however, their life experience can be challenging: they live in a world full of stimuli that they can’t filter, it is hard for them to sleep at night and get up in the morning, and dealing with anything that requires organization or adaptation to changes is not a simple feat for them.

Proper treatment of people with attention deficit disorders involves a medicinal solution along with cognitive behavioral training. Ritalin, the substance that is known as a treatment for those with ADHD, causes the mechanism that hoards dopamine in the cells to stop working for a few hours, but it is effective for only 85% of those who suffer from this disorder. The remaining 15% are slightly different and Ritalin cannot prevent dopamine from remaining in the cells. For these people, special drugs have been developed which are less common but can still be obtained through appropriate treatment authorities.

Characteristics of people with ADHD

All of the following criteria are related to regulatory mechanisms, which improve slightly as age increases, but they do not always function the right way in people with ADHD.

1. Unregulated circadian clock - The sleep and awake cycles of those with ADHD are delayed, and they are unable to go to bed early or get up early. For them, falling asleep at a reasonable hour is similar to going to bed at 5 pm for a person who does not have the disorder. In addition, in the morning it takes them a long time to recover and they often wake up without appetite.

2. Uncontrolled hunger and satiety - Children who suffer from ADHD don’t feel hungry most of the time and therefore don’t eat, or vice versa - are used to eating even when they aren’t hungry and therefore eat all the time.

3. Emotional instability – People with ADHD experience difficulty getting out of emotional states, giving up on a line of thought, changing in a short time and adapting to emotional and tangible changes in the environment.

4. Defective sensory processing – Those with ADHD are unable to filter stimuli which is often expressed in high sensitivity to noise, light, touch and other external stimuli. This needs to be taken into consideration because sometimes one might think that a child is spoiled, just because they won’t wear a particular shirt or refuse to be in a loud place.

According to the DSM-5, for one to be diagnosed with ADHD they need to experience:

1. A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. For children – 6 or more symptoms have persisted for at least 6 months. For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), five or more symptoms are required.

2. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms present prior to age 12 years.

3. Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms present in two or more settings (e.g. at home, school or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities).

4. Clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic or occupational functioning.

5. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g. mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication or withdrawal).In general, when ADHD is diagnosed, it must be ascertained that the person has no autism at any level and no manic depression (2 problems that may be related to attention disorders).

Criteria for ADHD
If you find that at least 6 (for children) or 5 (for adolescents and adults) of the following 9 criteria are met, there is a risk of ADHD in the subject:

Symptoms of inattention
    Often fails to give close attention to detail or makes mistakes
    Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or activities
    Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
    Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork or workplace duties
    Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
    Often avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
    Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities
    Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli
    Is often forgetful in daily activities

Symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity
    Often fidgets with or taps hands and feet, or squirms in seat
    in situations when remaining seated is expected, they leave their seat often
    Often runs and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless)
    Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
    Is often ‘on the go’, acting as if ‘driven by a motor’
    Often talks excessively
    Often blurts out answers before a question has been completed
    Often has difficulty waiting their turn
    Often interrupts or intrudes on others

 If you have any concern that a member of your family may suffer from ADHD, it is worth checking out - you may save them futile effort they would invest in trying to adapt without help. 

Diagnosing ADHD

Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical procedure that includes a review of the individual and his/her parents’ history since this phenomenon has a very strong hereditary tendency. It is advisable to perform a medical and psychiatric examination in order to identify whether there are comorbidities such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety. Neglecting the treatment of these existing disorders will prevent effective treatment of the attention deficit disorder. A good examination is one that serves as a tool that will allow the subject to identify failure points and learn how to avoid them. In addition, repeated testing after administration of Ritalin is also an effective diagnostic tool, when a person who has not seen improvement after consuming the substance - is likely to not have been suffering from ADHD after all.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
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One in five children have mental health problems

According to a recent study, one in five children and youth suffer from a mental disorder, but less than one-third have had contact with a mental health care provider.

Although those overall results echo a similar study from 1983, the new study found a much larger proportion of children and youth with a disorder had contact with other health providers and in other settings, most often through schools.

The new study found that the patterns of prevalence among different sexes and age groups have changed.

Hyperactivity disorder in boys four to 11 years old jumped dramatically from nine to 16 percent, but there has been a substantial drop in disruptive behaviour among males 12 to 16 years old from 10 to 3 per cent. There has been a steep increase in anxiety and depression among both male and female youth from 9 to 13 per cent.

In 30 years, the prevalence of any disorder increased in communities with a population of 1,000 to 100,000, rather than large urban areas, and there is strong evidence that poor children are more likely to have a disorder if their neighbourhood is one where violence is more common.


The study also found that in the past year more than eight per cent of youth thought about suicide, and 4 per cent reported a suicide attempt.

"This is a very robust study we feel represents the situation in Canada. That means there are more than a million Canadian children and youth with a mental health problem. This needs to be addressed," said the lead researcher.

"This study underscores the continued need for effective prevention and intervention programs," an investigator added.

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Being bullied ups mental illness risk in teens

Being bullied can change the physical structure of the adolescent brain, increasing the risk of mental illness, a study has found.

Researchers  suggest that the effects of constantly being bullied are more than just psychological.

The study, is the first to suggest that chronic peer victimisation during adolescence impacts mental health via structural brain changes.

Researchers analysed data, questionnaires and brain scans of 682 participants from England, Ireland, France and Germany.

As part of this project, high resolution brain scans of participants were taken when they were 14 and 19 years old.

At the ages of 14, 16 and 19 these participants also had to complete questionnaires about whether they had been bullied, and to what extent.

Overall, the results showed that 36 of the 682 young people were found to have experienced chronic bullying.

The data of these participants were compared with those of the others who had experienced less chronic/severe bullying.
 
Changes in brain volume as well as the levels of depression, anxiety and hyperactivity at age 19 were taken into account.

The subsequent findings validate and extend the literature linking peer victimisation with mental health problems.

However, the novel finding is that bullying is linked to decreases in the volume of parts of the brain called the caudate and putamen.

These changes were found to partly explain the relationship between high peer victimisation and higher levels of general anxiety at age 19.

"Although not classically considered relevant to anxiety, the importance of structural changes in the putamen and caudate to the development of anxiety most likely lies in their contribution to related behaviours such as reward sensitivity, motivation, conditioning, attention, and emotional processing," said lead researcher of the study.

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Blood, urine tests can detect autism in kids

Scientists have developed new blood and urine tests that can diagnose autism in children, allowing patients to get appropriate treatment much earlier in their lives. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are defined as developmental disorders mainly affecting social interaction and they can include a wide spectrum of behavioural problems. These include speech disturbances, repetitive and/or compulsive behaviour, hyperactivity, anxiety, and difficulty to adapt to new environments, some with or without cognitive impairment. Since there is a wide range of ASD symptoms diagnosis can be difficult and uncertain, particularly at the early stages of development. "Our discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention," said a researcher. "We hope the tests will also reveal new causative factors. With further testing we may reveal specific plasma and urinary profiles or "fingerprints" of compounds with damaging modifications," said the researcher. "This may help us improve the diagnosis of ASD and point the way to new causes of ASD," she said. The study found a link between ASD and damage to proteins in blood plasma by oxidation and glycation - processes where reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sugar molecules spontaneously modify proteins. They found the most reliable of the tests they developed was examining protein in blood plasma where, when tested, children with ASD were found to have higher levels of the oxidation marker dityrosine (DT) and certain sugar-modified compounds called "advanced glycation endproducts" (AGEs). Genetic causes have been found in 30-35 per cent of cases of ASD and the remaining 65-70 per cent of cases are thought to be caused by a combination of environmental factors, multiple mutations, and rare genetic variants. However the research team also believe that the new tests could reveal yet to be identified causes of ASD. The research also confirmed the previously held belief that mutations of amino acid transporters are a genetic variant associated with ASD. Researchers, recruited 38 children who were diagnosed with ASD (29 boys and nine girls) and a control group of 31 healthy children (23 boys and eight girls) between the ages of five and 12. Blood and urine samples were taken from the children for analysis. The team discovered that there were chemical differences between the two groups. The changes in multiple compounds were combined together using artificial intelligence algorithms techniques to develop a mathematical equation or "algorithm" to distinguish between ASD and healthy controls. The outcome was a diagnostic test better than any method currently available.

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SOME MYTHS DE-BUNKED

Drink 8 Glasses of Water a Day

No need to count cups. Research shows people who drink a glass of water when they’re thirsty get enough to stay healthy and hydrated. Water-rich foods like soup, fruit, and vegetables and drinks like juice, tea, and coffee all help you get your fill of the water needed for the day. You might need to drink more water if your urine is dark yellow, you don’t go regularly, you're very active, or you live in a hot climate.

 Eggs Have Always Been Thought As Bad for Your Heart
Egg lovers can be happy after reading this. Eating an egg or two a day doesn’t raise the risk of heart disease in healthy people. Yes, the yolks have cholesterol, but for most of us, the amount found in any one food isn’t as bad for you as the mix of fats from everything you eat. What’s more, eggs have nutrients, like omega-3s, that may lower the risk of heart disease.
 

Antiperspirant And Breast Cancer ?

Some scientists think the chemicals found in antiperspirants and deodorants can be absorbed through your underarm. The idea is they end up in breast tissue and make tumors more likely. But the National Cancer Institute says there’s no evidence connecting either product with breast cancer.
 

Being Cold Gives You a Cold

Spending too much time in the cold air doesn’t make you sick. One study found that healthy men who spent several hours in temperatures just above freezing point had an increase in healthy, virus-fighting activity in their immune systems. In fact, you’re more likely to get sick indoors, where germs are easily passed, as many germs may not survive in such freezing temperatures !

Do We Need  Multivitamin Tablets Daily?

Many people think that popping a multi-vitamin pill is good, as our diets lack various nutrients. Researchers don’t all agree on that point. But if your doctor tells you to take vitamin, do it. If you’re pregnant, you need to take folic acid to lower the risk of birth defects.The best method to get your nutrients is to eat a diet filled with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, proteins from lentils and fish and healthy oils.
 

Eat  (Or Skip) Breakfast to Lose Weight?

Eating breakfast does help some people lose weight, as it can stave off hunger, and it might prevent random  binge eating later in the day. But, if you’re not a breakfast fan, you can still slim down. A study found that the non-breakfast crowd didn’t overeat at lunch and dinner, and they ate about 400 fewer calories a day. The crunch line: Skipping breakfast may help some healthy people shed pounds, it all depends on each one's metabolism !

Green Mucus Means Infection

Studies show that green or yellow mucus is slightly more common in certain bacterial infections. But it’s not a sure sign that you have one or that you need antibiotics. A sinus infection can cause clear mucus, and a common cold can turn it green. So, don't go by the color of the mucus, but by other tests and symptoms.

Sugary Foods Make Kids Hyper ?

Sugar isn’t good for kids, but research shows the sweet stuff won’t cause them to act out, hurt their schoolwork, or make them unable to focus. Since many parents believe there’s a link, though, they expect their kids to behave badly after eating sugary food and believe so, if it happens, But surely there is no link between the two. But, as we all know that too much of sugary foods are bad for teeth and makes you fat, so from that angle, best to avoid too much sugary foods.

A Toilet Seat Can Make You Sick As There Are Germs?

Don’t stress if you can’t cover the seat. Toilet seats are usually pretty clean -- it’s bathroom doors, door handles, and floors that tend to be covered with bugs like E. coli, norovirus or stomach flu bug, and the flu. Cover your hand with a paper towel before you touch doors or handles, and use hand sanitizer or wash afterwards with soap before you do anything else.

Cracking Joints And Arthritis?

The sound of cracking joints might annoy people around you, but that’s about all the harm it does. You may think bones or joints rub together to cause the noise, but that’s not so. It results from a gas bubble that forms between the bones and “pops.” If you enjoy doing it, continue. Studies show it doesn’t cause or play a role in arthritis. If you feel severe pain when you do it, see your doctor.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
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Children prone to hyperactivity disorder if their mothers use paracetamol during pregancy

Children born to women who use paracetamol, a common pain reliever, during pregnancy may be at higher risk of developing attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, a new study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Pediatrics has warned. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is the most commonly used medication for pain and fever during pregnancy.

Some recent studies have suggested that acetaminophen has effects on sex and other hormones, which in turn can affect neurodevelopment and cause behavioural dysfunction. Zeyan Liew, of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues studied 64,322 children and mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002). Parents reported behavioural problems on a questionnaire.

Researchers collected attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication prescriptions and hyperkinetic disorders (HKDs) diagnoses from Danish registries. They found that more than half of the mothers reported using acetaminophen while pregnant. The use of acetaminophen during pregnancy appeared to be associated with a higher risk of HKD diagnosis, of using ADHD medications or of having ADHD-like behaviours at age 7 years.

The risk increased when mothers used acetaminophen in more than one trimester during pregnancy. “Maternal acetaminophen use during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk for HKDs and ADHD-like behaviours in children. Because the exposure and outcomes are frequent, these results are of public health relevance but further investigations are needed,” researchers said. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Pediatrics.

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