COVID-19: How to treat children with no symptoms or mild symptoms at home? Here's the full list of guidelines

The country is witnessing a rise in COVID-19 cases among children. Also, as per experts, the possible third wave is likely to hit children predominantly. Meanwhile, Union Health Minister Dr. Harsh Vardhan on Sunday has issued a list of guidelines for children with no symptoms or mild symptoms.

Here are the common symptoms:  

1. Fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, myalgia, rhinorrhea, sore throat, diarrhoea, loss of smell/taste, etc.

2. Few children may have gastrointestinal symptoms and atypical symptoms.

3. A new syndrome called Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome has been described in children. Such cases are characterized by: Unremitting fever >38°C, epidemiological linkage with SARS CoV-2, and clinical features suggestive of Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome.

Management of COVID-19 in children:

1. Require monitoring for development of symptoms and subsequent treatment according to accessed severity.

2. Children with mild disease may present with sore throat, rhinorrhea, cough with no breathing difficulty. Few children may have gastrointestinal symptoms.

3. These children can be managed at home with home isolation and symptomatic treatment.

4. Children with underlying comorbid conditions including congenital heart disease, chronic lung diseases, chronic organ dysfunction, obesity may also be managed at home.

How to treat children with no symptoms or mild symptoms at home?

1. Fever: Paracetamol 10-15 mg/kg/dose: may repeat after 4-6 hours.

2. Cough: Throat soothing agents like warm saline gargles in older children and adolescents.

3. Diet: Ensure oral fluids to maintain hydration, and a nutritious diet.

4. Parent/caregiver is advised to contact the doctor in case of emergency.

This is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     

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Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids

Paracetamol has been the preferred choice and used routinely during all stages of pregnancy to reduce a high temperature and for pain relief. There's no clear evidence, it has any harmful effects on an unborn baby. But, a new study has found strong links between its use during pregnancy to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids.

Obtaining a strong link between the use of paracetamol in mid-pregnancy and behaviour of off-spring, a study showed that paracetamol use between 18 and 32 weeks gestation is linked with negative neuro-cognitive outcomes leading to hyperactivity and attention problems in pre-school of the child. 

Backing the previous studies which have suggested possible adverse effects of paracetamol ( acetaminophen) consumption in pregnancy on the cognition, and childhood behaviour, particularly involving hyperactivity and / or attention problems, the present study used a large prospective cohort of 14, 062 children, linked to information on child cognitive and behavioural outcomes from 6 months to 17 years and have come into a conclusion that paracetamol consumption between 18 and 32 weeks gestation was associated with adverse trends in pre-school child behaviour, but the associations were no longer present by the end of primary school ( age 10-11 years). This particular Trend was more profound in boys than girls.

Our findings add to a series of results concerning evidence of the possible adverse effects of taking paracetamol during pregnancy such as issues with asthma or behaviour in the offspring. It reinforces the advice that women should be cautious when taking medication during pregnancy and to seek medical advice where necessary.

Using questionnaire and school information from Bristol's Children of the 90s study, researchers examined 14,000 children. When they were 7 months pregnant 43% of their mothers said they had taken paracetamol ' sometimes' or more often during the previous 3 months. Researchers examined results of the children's memory. IQ and pre-school development tests, temperament and behaviour measures.

They found an association between paracetamol intake and hyperactivity and attention problems as well as with other difficult behaviours with young children that were not accounted for by the reasons why the medication was taken or social factors. However, this was no longer the case by the time the children reached the end of primary school. Boys appeared to be more susceptible than girls to the possible behavioral effects of the drug.

The author commented that , " It is important that our findings are tested in other studies-- we were not in a position to show a casual link, rather an association between two outcomes. It would also be useful now to assess whether older children and adults are free of behavioural problems if their mother had taken paracetamol.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
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Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/paracetamol-mid-pregnancy-cognitive-decline-in-pre-school-of-offspring/

Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Safety warning! Paracetamol use in pregnancy linked to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in kids https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/paracetamol-mid-pregnancy-cognitive-decline-in-pre-school-of-offspring/

Painkillers during pregnancy does not up asthma risk in children

Taking paracetamol or other painkillers during pregnancy does not increase the risk of asthma in children, according to a study of almost five lakh women.

The research, which used preion data on painkillers, supports earlier findings that women taking paracetamol during pregnancy are more likely to have children who develop asthma.

However, it also suggests that painkillers are not the cause of this increase. Rather, some unidentified factor is linked to use of these drugs and to asthma risk.

The research, should give women reassurance to take painkillers during pregnancy when they are prescribed by a doctor.

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Paracetamol during pregnancy may delay daughters’ language skills

Women who consume acetaminophen — also known as paracetamol and widely used to reduce a high fever or relieve pain — during early pregnancy are six times more likely to see delay in their daughters’ language skills, warns a new study.

Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol and hundreds of over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

The maternal intake of acetaminophen saw a reduction in the intelligence quotient level along with increasing language delay, defined as the use of lesser than 50 words, by the kids.

The communication delay affected boys at the same time, but was more prevalent among the girls, the study showed.

“Given the prevalence of prenatal acetaminophen use and the importance of language development, our findings, if replicated, suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy,” said a Professor.

“It’s important for us to look at language development because it has shown to be predictive of other neurodevelopmental problems in children,” the Prof. added.

The study,  examined 754 women, who were in eight-13 weeks of pregnancy.

Researchers asked participants to report the number of acetaminophen tablets they had taken between conception and enrollment, and tested the acetaminophen concentration in their urine at enrollment.

Both the number of tablets and concentration in urine were associated with a significant increase in language delay in girls, with a slight decrease in boys.

Previous studies have found that the over exposure to the pain relieving drug during pregnancy also damages the fertility of the daughters.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    
 
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Taking paracetamol in pregnancy may harm daughters fertility

Taking paracetamol - an over-the- counter treatment for pain relief - during pregnancy may impair the fertility of female offspring, a study has warned. 

Researchers reviewed three separate rodent studies that report altered development in the reproductive systems of female offspring from mothers given paracetamol during pregnancy, which may impair their fertility in adulthood. 

Paracetamol, or acetaminophen, is commonly taken by pregnant women worldwide. 

Recent studies have linked paracetamol use during pregnancy with disruptions in the development of the male reproductive system but the effects on female offspring had not yet been investigated. 

Researchers reviewed findings from three individual rodent studies that evaluated the effects of paracetamol taken during pregnancy on the development of the reproductive system in female offspring. 

In rodents and humans, females are born with a finite number of eggs for reproduction in the future.
In these reviewed studies, rodents given paracetamol during pregnancy, at doses equivalent to those that a pregnant woman may take for pain relief, produced female offspring with fewer eggs. 

This means that in adulthood, they have fewer eggs available for fertilisation, which may reduce their chances of successful reproduction, particularly as they get older. 

"Although this may not be a severe impairment to fertility, it is still of real concern since data from three different labs all independently found that paracetamol may disrupt female reproductive development in this way, which indicates further investigation is needed to establish how this affects human fertility," said the researcher. 

Although there are parallels between rodent and human reproductive development, these findings have yet to be firmly established in humans. 

"As scientists, we are not in the position to make any medical recommendations and we would urge pregnant women in pain to consult with their general practitioner, midwife or pharmacist for professional advice," said the researcher. 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    
 
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