Young men who are taller may have lower risk of dementia in old age: Study

In an attempt to assess specific types of individuals at the risk of developing dementia, a study has revealed that men who are relatively taller during their young adulthood are less likely to suffer from this debilitating condition in their old age.

This finding can help people take preventive measures or plan for their future care. The study indicates that young adult height might be one potential risk factor to consider. The study was published in the journal eLife.

Previous studies have suggested that height may be a risk factor for dementia, but much of this research was not able to take into account genetic, environmental, or other early-life factors that may be linked to both height and dementia.

"We wanted to see if body height in young men is associated with diagnosis of dementia while exploring whether intelligence test scores, educational level, and underlying environmental and genetic factors shared by brothers explain the relationship," says lead author Terese Sara Hoj Jorgensen, Assistant Professor at the Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, in Denmark.

To do this, Jorgensen and her colleagues analysed data on 666,333 Danish men born between 1939 and 1959, including 70,608 brothers and 7,388 twins, from Danish national registries. They found a total of 10,599 men who developed dementia later in life.

Their adjusted analysis of this group showed that there was about a 10 per cent reduction in the risk of developing dementia for about every 6cm of height in individuals above the average height. When the team took into account the potential role of intelligence or education, the unadjusted relationship between height and dementia risk was only slightly reduced.

They found that the relationship between height and dementia also existed when they looked at brothers with different heights, suggesting that genetics and family characteristics alone do not explain why shorter men had a greater dementia risk.

This was also true when they studied data concerning twins, although the results for this group were less certain.

"A key strength of our study is that it adjusted for the potential role of education and intelligence in young men's dementia risk, both of which may build up cognitive reserve and make this group less vulnerable to developing dementia," explains senior author Merete Osler, Professor at the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, and at the University of Copenhagen.

'Cognitive reserve' refers to the brain's ability to improvise and solve problems that come up in everyday life. Osler says that adjusting for education and intelligence reduces the likelihood that the relationship between height and dementia is really explained by the cognitive reserve.

"Together, our results point to an association between taller body height in young men and a lower risk of dementia diagnosis later in life, which persists even when adjusted for educational level and intelligence test scores," Osler says. "Our analysis of the data concerning brothers confirms these findings, and suggests the association may have common roots in early-life environmental exposures that are not related to family factors shared by brothers." 

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Children with low birth weight are at higher risk of heart disease

Children with a birth weight under 2.5 kg stand at the risk of becoming underweight and can experience cognitive difficulties as well as diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life, a study has found.

However, early iron supplementation seems to provide some protection, researchers said.

The study consisted of 285 children who were born with a marginally low birth weight, 2-2.5 kg, and a control group of 95 children born with a normal birth weight.

Data on weight, height, body composition, blood pressure, and blood tests for blood sugar, insulin and blood lipids were collected. In addition, the children's IQ, and various other abilities were also tested.

Among the children born with low birth weight, a clear majority only have a marginally low weight, but they are rarely prioritised in studies.

The results were surprising. That low birth weight children who received early iron supplementation had a lower blood pressure in school age has never been shown before. We may have identified a way to partially protect against cardiovascular diseases, even if more research is needed.

The study showed that children born with only a little too low birth weight have more cognitive difficulties, such as lower verbal IQ and poorer attention and coordination abilities in comparison to children born with normal birth weight.      

The below average test results may lead to more school difficulties and behavioural problems to a larger extent than for children born with normal birth weight. It's important that we are aware of this, both in the health care system as well as in the educational system, in order to early capture those who may need additional support.

Children born as marginally underweight have an increased risk of still being underweight at the age of seven, the researchers said.

Early signs of a disrupted insulin and blood sugar balance were also found, a well-known sign for increased risk of later developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Infants who received iron supplementation in early childhood had lower blood pressure, which is a previously unknown relationship.

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Paracetamol during pregnancy may delay daughters’ language skills

Women who consume acetaminophen — also known as paracetamol and widely used to reduce a high fever or relieve pain — during early pregnancy are six times more likely to see delay in their daughters’ language skills, warns a new study.

Acetaminophen is the active ingredient in Tylenol and hundreds of over-the-counter and prescription medicines.

The maternal intake of acetaminophen saw a reduction in the intelligence quotient level along with increasing language delay, defined as the use of lesser than 50 words, by the kids.

The communication delay affected boys at the same time, but was more prevalent among the girls, the study showed.

“Given the prevalence of prenatal acetaminophen use and the importance of language development, our findings, if replicated, suggest that pregnant women should limit their use of this analgesic during pregnancy,” said a Professor.

“It’s important for us to look at language development because it has shown to be predictive of other neurodevelopmental problems in children,” the Prof. added.

The study,  examined 754 women, who were in eight-13 weeks of pregnancy.

Researchers asked participants to report the number of acetaminophen tablets they had taken between conception and enrollment, and tested the acetaminophen concentration in their urine at enrollment.

Both the number of tablets and concentration in urine were associated with a significant increase in language delay in girls, with a slight decrease in boys.

Previous studies have found that the over exposure to the pain relieving drug during pregnancy also damages the fertility of the daughters.

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Cooking food in aluminium pans reduces your child's IQ

The lead in vessels is neurotoxic in children and causes brain damage and mental retardation.

  Parents please take note. Cooking food in aluminium pots, pans or dishes may reduce your kid's Intelligent Quotient (IQ) and performance at school.
 
The findings published in journal Science of the Total Environment, indicate that cadmium is neurotoxic in children and causes kidney damage which is linked to cardiovascular deaths and is carcinogenic.Lead exposure in children is linked to brain damage, mental retardation, lower educational performance and a range of other health effects.

According to the study, aluminium cookware are made from scrap metal including auto and computer parts, cans and other industrial debris that poses a serious and previously unrecognised health risk to millions of people."Lead and cadmium exposures from regular use of these pots will significantly reduce IQ and school performance among children, and contribute to millions of deaths due to cardiovascular disease," said lead study author Jeffrey Weidenhamer from Ashland University.

The researchers tested samples of aluminium cookware made in 10 developing countries and more than one-third pose a lead exposure hazard.The investigation simulated cooking by boiling acidic solutions in the cookware for two hours and measuring the lead extracted in solution.The cookware also released significant levels of aluminium, arsenic and cadmium.

They also found levels of aluminium on average were six times greater than WHO dietary guidelines and significant concentrations of cadmium leached from 31 percent of the cookware tested."Lead exposure from inexpensive aluminum cookware has the potential to be of much greater public health significance than lead paint or other well-known harmful sources that are common around the world," said Perry Gottesfeld from Occupational Knowledge International."The presence of lead in food cooked in these pots may be one contributing factor to the ongoing lead poisoning epidemic," Gottesfeld stated.

Recently conducted surveys of lead exposure in Africa and Asia have suggested that blood lead levels have remained stubbornly elevated despite the ban on lead in gasoline.

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10 Things Science Says Can Make Your Kids Smarter

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Scientists often state that the first 10 years of a child's life are the most important. These years are crucial, as they improve the "wiring" of a child's brain. Nevertheless, while instilling these 10 activities during their childhood years will make your kid smarter, studies have also shown that most of these activities benefit teens and adults too.

1. Sign them up for music lessons  A growing body of research finds that music lessons make kids smarter. Control groups showed that children who attended music lessons exhibited a greater IQ. However, the effect was relatively small. Nevertheless, research finds that musical training gives students learning advantages in the classroom. In fact, it was found that musical training doesn't just benefit the young, but the elderly too, offsetting some effects of aging.   2. Have them participate in sports   Studies conducted found that being in good shape increases your ability to learn. According to a 2007 study, German researchers discovered that people learn words 20% faster following exercise than they did before exercise. In another study, a group of volunteers were put on a three-month exercise regimen and took pictures of their brains after. They found that the capillary volume in the memory area of the hippocampus (the area of the brain that focuses on memory and learning) increased by 30%.   3. Read with your kids, not to them  When reading to your kids, don't let them just stare at the pictures in a book while you do all the reading. Share the reading with them, as this will help them build their reading skills. When reading is shared between you and your little one, it promotes early literacy ability, even among disadvantaged children.   4. A good night's sleep is vital  Studies have shown a correlation between grades and the average amount of sleep. In fact, it has been found that a loss of one hour of sleep is equivalent to the loss of two years of cognitive maturation and development. In the studies conducted, it was found that teens who received A's averaged about 15 minutes more sleep than students who received B's, who in turn averaged 15 more minutes than C's, and so on. Every 15 minutes counts!   5. Success is determined by self-discipline, not IQ

Studies show that willpower is what determines success. Students with high levels of willpower were more likely to earn higher grades in their classes. They had fewer absences and spent less time watching television and more hours doing homework. The study also found that self-discipline determined which students would improve their grades over the course of the school year, whereas IQ did not. It proved to have a bigger effect on academic performance than intellect.

6. Real learning isn't passive, it's active

Brain training games and apps don't work. In fact, they have no positive effect on the vocabulary of infants aged 17 to 24 months. Some have actually been shown to do more harm than good. It was found that for every hour children spent watching baby DVD's and videos, the infants understood an average of six to eight fewer words than infants who did not watch them. This is primarily because our brains evolved to learn by doing things, not by hearing about them. It is therefore more beneficial to apply a rule of two-thirds. For example, if you want to memorize a passage, it is better to spend 30% of your time reading it, and the other 70% testing your knowledge.   7. What children eat affects their grades  Research shows that high-carb, high-fiber and slow-digesting foods like oatmeal are best. Furthermore, what you eat a week in advance matters too. In one study, 16 college students were tested on attention and thinking speed. They were then fed a five-day, high-fat, low-carb diet rich in meat, eggs, cheese and cream, then tested again. Results showed that their performance had declined. It was also found that caffeine and glucose can have a beneficial effect on cognitive performance. Results suggest that combining caffeine with glucose increases attention.   8. Happier kids are more likely to become successful, accomplished adults  On average, happy people are more successful at work and in love. Results show that they get better performance reviews, have more prestigious jobs and earn higher salaries. They are also more likely to get married and are more satisfied with their marriages when they do.  9. A child's peer group affects their grades  In a study conducted at Darthmouth College, a child's peer group has powerful influence over them. It was discovered that when students with low grade-point averages mixed with higher-scoring students, their grade-point average increased.   10. Believe in them  A study carried out by Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson (1968), conducted a classroom study telling elementary school teachers that they had certain students in their class who excelled at academics. These students were selected at random. At the end of the school year, 30% of the children selected had gained an average of 22 IQ points, and almost all had gained at least 10 IQ points.