Manage diabetes well to prevent stroke risk

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 People suffering from diabetes need to keep their sugar levels in control to prevent strokes, say doctors, adding that diabetics are at double the risk of suffering a stroke than normal patients.

One basic precaution for diabetics to avoid stroke is to control weight.

"High abdominal fat leads to an increased production of bad cholesterol which saturates blood vessels. This blood gets deposited on the inside of blood vessels, leading to an increased risk of forming blood clots in the body causing stroke," said Dr Satnam Singh Chhabra, head (neuro and spine department) at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in the capital.

According to Dr Singh, diabetics should also keep smoking at bay as it leads to further clogging of arteries by narrowing down the blood vessel leading to stroke.

 "Follow a heart-friendly diet at home. Diabetics can control cholesterol with a high intake of fibre-rich foods. There are several food items which are rich in fibre, including oats, whole-grain breads, peas and fruits," Singh added.


According to the World Congress of Cardiology, it is estimated that by 2020, heart diseases will be the cause of over 40 percent deaths in India as compared to 24 percent in 1990.

Among them, over 60 percent are estimated to be diabetics. In India, currently there are nearly 50 million diabetics.

"Diabetics should avoid fatty and fried food items as these lead to high cholesterol levels in the body," added Ashok Rai, senior consultant at Down Town Hospital in Guwahati, Assam.

Tips for Protecting Your Bones

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Osteoporosis is a disease that damages the bones and makes them brittle and easily breakable. The disease causes a significant decrease in bone density, and this causes the bone to weaken and increases the risk of fractures.

 

Our bones are always building and breaking down their issue; When the balance between building and breaking is changed, then the bone density goes down. With age, this problem has a horrible way of increasing in occurrence.

 Important tips for the treatment and prevention of decreasing bone density:

 1)Physical activity.

 

Physical activity, besides being the best thing you can do for yourselves, helps the bones become denser by putting pressure on them, which may prevent the disease to begin with. We recommend using weights to strengthen the skeletal muscles.

 

2. Increase your calcium intake -

Good sources: Green leaves, soy, sardines, broccoli and nuts. Regular bovine milk isn't that good a source of calcium because of its low absorption rate.

 

3. Increase your omega 3 intake - These fatty acids can be found in flax-seeds or fish: Salmon, cod, and halibut - and are essential to keeping your bones strong.

 

4. Reduce caffeine and alcohol intake - Sorry, but coffee and alcohol 'release' calcium from the bones and damage the hormonal balance in the body, which is  important to keeping them strong.

 

5. Reduce red meat - Seems like we're taking all the fun out of lunch, but eating red meat actually reduces the absorption of calcium in the body.

 

6. No smoking - Cigarette smoke damages bone density.

 

7. Eat nuts and almonds - These contain magnesium which is essential to the process of absorbing calcium.

 

8. Get at least 15 minutes of sun exposure a day - Exposing your skin to the sun a few minutes a day is the best way of getting your vitamin D, which functions as a sort of glue and helps keep the bone density up.

 

9. Eat sunflower seeds - These contain zinc, a key mineral for maintaining strong bones.

 

10. Make sure you're not lacking in these elements, and take according to professional opinion:  Boron, Silicone, vitamin C, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B12, vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Oral bacteria may be linked to esophageal cancer

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The findings detected the bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis in 12 per cent of tissues adjacent to the cancerous cells. 

Researchers have found that a bacterial species responsible for gum disease is present in 61% of patients with esophageal cancer.

The findings detected the bacterial species Porphyromonas gingivalis in 12% of tissues adjacent to the cancerous cells, while this organism was undetected in normal esophageal tissue. "These findings provide the first direct evidence that P gingivalis infection could be a novel risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and may also serve as a prognostic biomarker for this type of cancer," said Huizhi Wang from the University of Louisville's School of Dentistry in US.

"These data, if confirmed, indicate that eradication of a common oral pathogen may contribute to a reduction in the significant number of people suffering with ESCC," said Wang.

The esophagus, a muscular tube critical to the movement of food from the mouth to the stomach, is lined with two main kinds of cells, thus there are two main types of esophageal cancer - adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. 

Researchers measured the expression of lysine-gingipain, an enzyme unique to P gingivalis, as well as the presence of the bacterial cell DNA within the esophageal tissues. Both the bacteria-distinguishing enzyme and its DNA were significantly higher in the cancerous tissue of ESCC patients than in surrounding tissue or normal control sites.

Researchers also found the presence of P gingivalis correlated with other factors, including cancer cell differentiation, metastasis and overall survival rate. According to the researchers, there are two likely explanations - either ESCC cells are a preferred niche for P gingivalis to thrive or the infection of P gingivalis facilitates the development of esophageal cancer.

If the first explanation is true, simple antibiotics may prove useful or researchers can develop other therapeutic approaches for esophageal cancer utilising genetic technology to target the P gingivalis and ultimately destroy the cancer cells, Wang said. 

"Should P gingivalis prove to cause ESCC, the implications are enormous. It would suggest that improving oral hygiene may reduce ESCC risk; screening for P gingivalis in dental plaque may identify susceptible subjects; and using antibiotics or other anti-bacterial strategies may prevent ESCC progression," said Wang.

The findings were published in the journal Infectious Agents and Cancer.

7 Warning Signs of Breast Cancer

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While you should never skip your periodical mammogram, if you find a suspicious lump in your breast or under your armpit, you should visit your doctor immediately. Though lumps certainly need checking, there are other signs that may point to breast cancer too. Being knowledgeable about these seven signs and detecting breast cancer early on can make all the difference. Here's what you need to know:
	1. A change in the size, form or structure of the breast.
	2. A dimple in the breast or a convergence of the skin.
	3. Sudden discharge of liquid from the nipple.
	4. Itching, irritation or sudden rash on the nipple.
	5. Sudden pain in a specific spot that won't go away.
	6. The nipple suddenly becomes introverted.
	7. Bloating, redness, change of texture or color of the skin on the breast.

A Dangerous Sitting Posture for Children

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As parents and grandparents, you probably know the feeling of relief that comes with knowing the child you're responsible for isn't running around the house and is just sitting to read, watch, play, write or draw. While these activities give us a sense of security and allow us to watch the children more closely, there is another danger you should pay attention to, and that is the way in which the children sit. If you are in your home and your child is sitting on the floor for some activity, just check they are not sitting in the following position:

Many children tend to sit in this posture, which helps them support the side of their bodies as they enjoy their activities. Unfortunately, this kind of position may cause untold damage to their growth along the years, due to orthopedic problems, developmental problems and bad control over the body's balance. While sitting in this harmful posture, the child creates the shape of the letter W  with his/her legs. This posture prevents children from sitting with their back straight, which may weaken the back muscles over time.

 

Instead of them sitting in this way, guide the children to sit with their heels under their buttocks or with their legs crossed on the ground. They can still play and draw as always, but at the same time they will use their muscles to stabilize their backs instead of using their legs incorrectly.

It may be that the child is more comfortable sitting in this dangerous posture, but when they grow up without back and spine problems such as Scoliosis, they'll thank you for it.