Drinking very hot tea almost doubles risk of cancer

Many people start their day with a cup of tea. But those who drink it piping hot could be increasing their risk of esophageal cancer, according to a new study.

Researchers found that tea drinkers who liked their beverage to be warmer than 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) and consumed more than 700 ml of tea per day -- about two large cups -- had a 90% higher risk of esophageal cancer, when compared to those who drank less tea and at cooler temperatures.

 

"Many people enjoy drinking tea, coffee, or other hot beverages. However, according to our report, drinking very hot tea can increase the risk of esophageal cancer, and it is therefore advisable to wait until hot beverages cool down before drinking," said the study's lead author. 

 

Previous research has found a link between hot tea drinking and esophageal cancer. This study, was the first to pinpoint a specific temperature, according to the authors. 

 

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world and is often fatal, killing approximately 400,000 people every year, according to the experts. It is usually caused by repeated injury to the esophagus due to smoke, alcohol, acid reflux and -- maybe -- hot liquids.

 

The esophagus is a long tube through which swallowed food and liquids travel to reach the stomach.

The researcher estimates that 13,750 new cases of esophageal cancer will be diagnosed in men and 3,900 new cases in women in the United States in 2019. 

 

The team of researchers followed 50,045 people, aged between 40 and 75, for an average of 10 years. Between 2004 and 2017, the researchers detected 317 new cases of esophageal cancer. 

 

The study said more research was needed on why exactly drinking very hot tea is associated with the higher risk of esophageal cancer.

 

A professor of pharmacoepidemiology said that it was the heat that was the issue rather than the type of beverage. 

 

"In fact, it is probably anything hot: Microwaved jam has been known to cause esophageal injury. It is possible that the trauma leads to cell changes and hence to cancer," he said ( he wasn't involved in the study).

 

In the United States and Europe, tea is rarely consumed at temperatures above 65 degrees Celsius (149 degrees Fahrenheit) -- but in places like Russia, Iran, Turkey and South America, it is common to drink tea that hot or even hotter.

 

"If you go to the Middle East or to Russia, they drink it out of a samovar that's constantly under heat," said the president of the Tea Association of the USA. "It's very, very hot."

 

A senior research associate  said that hot drinks were an established risk factor for esophageal cancer.

 

"It doesn't take a scientist to appreciate that repeated irritation of any body surface increases your risk of cancer. Sunburn gives us skin cancer, smoking gives us lung cancer, and many foods and drinks contribute to risk of gastrointestinal cancers," he told.

 

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Smokers And Drinkers Shouldn't Drink Hot Tea; It May Cause Esophageal Cancer!

According to a study published recently, smokers and drinkers should avoid drinking hot tea, as it may lead to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. The cancer that starts in the esophagus, was already known to be linked to drinking alcohol and smoking, but those risks are heightened by the addition of daily cups of "burning hot" tea, as per the scientists. The risks to smokers also increase with high-temperature tea drinking, as per the study, which examined the data on 456,155 adults aged 30 to 79 years.

According to the researchers, boiling hot tea will harm the cells in the esophagus. If the person also drinks alcohol and smokes simultaneously, then the harm caused will be more heightened. At the commencement of the study, none of the participants had cancer. Researchers followed half of the participants for at least nine years. During the study, 1,731 people developed esophageal cancer. Rates of the disease are relatively high in a country, where tea drinking is common and many men smoke and drink.

Chinese people often drink tea from flasks that they carry with them to their workplaces and regularly fill up with hot water. Chinese people often drink tea traditional British tea, which is less hot than Chinese varieties as it is also usually taken with cold milk.

People in Russia, Turkey and South America enjoy their tea very hot, with many regularly drinking it at temperatures above 65 degree Celsius. Past research has shown that tea can help to protect against tumours in the digestive tract. But studies have also suggested that hot liquids and food can cause thermal injury that can increase the risk factors associated with cancer.

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Quick Test Could Spot Precursor to Esophageal Cancer

A pill-sized device that you swallow might help detect a change in the esophagus that can lead to a deadly form of cancer, researchers are reporting.

The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. And the change that occurs in the esophagus, known as Barrett's esophagus, usually results from long-term reflux. 

Barrett's esophagus is considered a precursor to a type of cancer called esophageal adenocarcinoma.
More than 80 percent of people diagnosed with this cancer die within five years. Yet, medical experts say that many of these deaths could be prevented if people were diagnosed earlier with Barrett's esophagus. 

However, that usually requires a costly and invasive test, known as an endoscopy, that also requires sedation. According to the researchers, this prevents some people from being screened for the condition.

Screening with the new device could one day change that, the authors of the new study suggest.
"Our goal is early detection,"  a professor of medicine and researcher said.

"Symptoms of Barrett's esophagus, such as heartburn, can also be commonly seen in individuals who have acid reflux disease without Barrett's esophagus. These symptoms can easily be treated by over-the-counter medications so people often don't get tested for Barrett's esophagus, particularly by an invasive test such as endoscopy," the Prof. explained.

This has meant that, about 95 percent of the time, people haven't known they had Barrett's esophagus until diagnosed with cancer, he said.

To address this issue, the researchers developed the swallowable device. Using it to test for Barrett's esophagus takes five minutes and is more than 90 percent effective in detecting the condition, they said.

The device is about the size of a vitamin pill. It's attached to a thin silicone catheter. Once swallowed, it enters the stomach. Doctors then inject air into the catheter to inflate a small balloon.

The balloon is moved around to swab the lower esophagus near the stomach -- the area where Barrett's esophagus usually develops. The swab collects a sample of cells before it's deflated, pushed back into the catheter and retrieved through the mouth. The cells extracted by the device are then analyzed for abnormalities.

A clinical trial involving 86 people showed the swallowable test was more than 90 percent accurate in detecting those with Barrett's esophagus. 

Also, 82 percent of those who had the test reported little or no anxiety, pain or choking during the procedure. About 93 percent said they would do it again.

"We wanted an easier, less costly test that could provide a practical way for screening and early detection of individuals with Barrett's esophagus, who can then be followed closely to prevent development of [esophageal cancer]," the Prof. said. 

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Cancer cocktail: hot tea plus twin sins

Drinkers of hot tea do not face an increased risk of esophageal cancer, but those who also consume excessive alcohol and smoke have five times higher risk than people who have none of the three habits.

Some scientists today released the findings of a large study that has detected what they say is a “noticeable increase” in the risk of esophageal cancer associated with a combination of hot tea drinking, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking.

Those who drank “burning-hot tea” and consumed 15 grams or more of alcohol daily had the greatest risk of esophageal cancer, a five-fold increase over people who did neither, nor smoked, and a two-fold increase over smokers who also drank burning-hot tea.

Public health researcher  tracked 456,155 persons between the ages of 30 and 79 years from 10 regions across a country between 2004 and 2008. They questioned the study participants about their tea, alcohol and smoking patterns and followed them up for incidence of esophageal cancer up to 2015.

The study comes against the backdrop of earlier research nine years ago that had hinted that hot tea may be an additional risk factor for esophageal cancer, a type of cancer that has poor survival rates worldwide and has long been linked to alcohol and smoking.

A 2009 study from northern Iran’s Golestan province which has among the world’s highest rates of esophageal cancer had found that drinking hot tea –70 degrees C or higher – was associated with an eight-fold increased risk than drinking lukewarm tea – below 65 degrees C.

Now, these researchers have found that the association between the hot tea drinking and esophageal cancer risk is “dependent on alcohol and tobacco consumption” habits.  

“In the absence of both excessive alcohol consumption and smoking, daily hot tea drinking was not associated with esophageal cancer risk, regardless of the tea temperature and other consumption measures,” the team said.

The scientists say this “synergistic effects” of hot tea drinking, excessive alcohol consumption and smoking on the risk of the cancer is “biologically plausible,” because earlier research has shown that thermal injury may damage the membrane called epithelium and augment the risk of damage from alcohol and smoke.

The study is being viewed as significant as it is among the world’s largest studies on hot beverages and the esophageal cancer risk. Some surveys suggest that most people drink tea or other hot beverages at temperatures below 65 degrees C.

“Those of us who drink hot beverages often should be prudent and wait for the liquid to cool a bit first,” says two public health researchers,  who wrote in a commentary in the same issue of the journal. “However, the results of this study should not cause people to abandon their favourite beverages. Most people drink their tea and coffee at a temperature that seems unlikely to cause cancer,” they wrote.

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Study ties gum disease bacteria to esophageal cancer

Add one more reason to why you should brush and floss regularly: Gum disease bacteria are now tied to higher odds of esophageal cancer.

The study tracked the oral health of 122,000 patients for 10 years. It found that the presence of two types of bacteria linked with gum disease may hike the risk of the cancer.

The presence of one oral bacterium in particular, called Tannerella forsythia, was tied to a 21 percent increase in the odds of developing esophageal tumors, said a team led by a researcher.

Gum disease has already been linked in numerous studies to a heightened risk of the number one killer, heart disease. But an expert in esophageal cancer who reviewed the new findings stressed that researchers can't yet prove a causal link to esophageal tumors.

"What is not clear is whether the presence of these bacteria or the resultant periodontal disease is primarily responsible for the development of cancer," said a Dr.

Still, the Dr. believes specialists should "consider a proper evaluation of the oral cavity as well as the remainder of the digestive tract in the hope of early diagnosis of esophageal cancer."

Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide, the study authors noted. Because it's often only diagnosed at an advanced stage, five-year survival rates are between 15 to 25 percent.

A Dr. said, "Esophageal cancer is a highly fatal cancer, and there is an urgent need for new avenues of prevention, risk stratification, and early detection."

The news from the study wasn't all bad: The investigators found that some types of mouth bacteria were associated with a lower risk of esophageal cancer.

Learning more about the bacteria communities living naturally in the mouth "may potentially lead to strategies to prevent esophageal cancer, or at least to identify it at earlier stages," the Dr. noted.

One other expert agreed.

"The study suggests that there are some oral bacteria that may contribute to the development of this highly deadly cancer but also, and very importantly, suggests that some bacteria may provide a protective effect," said an oral pathologist .

"Knowing which bacteria are good and which are bad could lead to preventive treatments or serve as predictors of risk of development of this cancer," a Dr. said.

A Dr. added that good oral health -- including regular tooth brushing and dental visits -- may help protect against gum disease and health conditions associated with it.

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