Researchers reveal scientific, clinical application of intermittent fasting

Researchers in a recent study revealed the help of scientific and clinical applications of intermittent fasting in a way that might help physicians to guide patients to try their hands on the fitness method.

After studying the concept for 25 years, neuroscientists explained that intermittent fasting can be categorised into 2 categories- one being the daily time-restricted feeding and the other one being the 5:2 intermittent fasting.

While daily restricted fasting generally narrows eating times to 6-8 hours in a day, in 5:2 fasting, people limit their meals to just 2 moderate-sized meals each week.

Studies have shown that alternating between times of having meals and fasting supports cellular health which might be by triggering an age-old adaptation to periods of food scarcity called metabolic switching. This type of switch generally takes place when cells exhaust their storage of rapidly accessible, sugar-based fuel, and then convert fat into energy in a slower metabolic process.

Studies have proved that this type of switch increases resistance to stress, improves blood sugar regulation and suppresses inflammation. In the article, the researcher noted that 4 studies in both animals and people found intermittent fasting also decreased blood pressure, blood lipid levels and resting heart rates.

Evidence is also mounting that intermittent fasting can modify risk factors associated with obesity and diabetes, he said.

According to the researcher, intermittent fasting could be beneficial for brain health too. It takes some time for the body to adjust to intermittent fasting and to get beyond initial hunger pangs and irritability that accompany it.

Patients should be advised that feeling hungry and irritable is common initially and usually passes after 2 weeks to a month as the body and brain become accustomed to the new habit, he says.

To manage this hurdle, the researchers suggest that physicians advise patients to not go ' cold turkey' and gradually increase the duration and frequency of the fasting periods over the course of months.
As with all lifestyle changes, it's important for physicians to know the science so they can communicate potential benefits, harms and challenges and offer support.

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Decoded: Why women get heart attacks later than men

Although women develop coronary artery disease (CAD) almost 10 years later than men as scientists have attributed this decade-long delay to the protective effects of sex hormones, the heart disease finally catches up with women owing to the presence of "fat-absorbing" XX hormones.

There is a lot of evidence that hormones like estrogen and progesterone protect the heart, but scientists had little data on the influence of the genetic component -- the X chromosome -- on the heart.

New research at the University of Kentucky has confirmed that the presence of XX sex chromosomes increases the amount of fat circulating in the blood, which leads to narrowing of the arteries and ultimately a higher risk of heart attacks and coronary artery disease.

The team looked at lipids absorbed from the diet and made in the liver.

"We looked at how our X sex chromosomes were influencing the levels of lipids in the blood and in the arteries," said a researcher.

What they found is that an XX sex chromosome combination promotes efficient use of fat.

Women need fat to bear and feed babies, the Dr. explained.

"We`re set up, potentially through our XX sex chromosomes, so that we can effectively absorb that lipid from the diet and put it into our fat cells and maybe even make it in the liver."

The team studied chromosome effects in mice, and for this most recent discovery, they were able to zero in on XX Chromosomes by removing hormones.

According to a post-doctoral scholar and the paper`s first author, if the levels of circulating lipids transported by the blood are too high, they will start to accumulate in and on the artery wall, leading to plaque buildup.

These plaques harden and narrow the artery, reducing blood flow to the vital organs.

Everything is fine until women hit menopause and the protective effects of hormones disappear, leaving women with, what the Dr. calls, "that XX thrifty, fat absorbing kind of genotype."

The team is looking at genes that are changed in the liver and in the intestine to find novel targets for drug development. If they can find target genes that influence atherosclerosis, scientists can then explore the effects of existing drugs or develop new ones.

"We don`t know if our findings are due to the presence of two X chromosomes or due to the absence of the Y chromosome," said the researcher.

These findings may also drive choice of diet for post-menopausal women.

"For example, if they`re very effective fat absorbers, obviously, once they get post-menopausal, they need to be careful about the fat content," added the Dr.

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New osteoarthritis genes discovered

In the largest study of its kind, nine novel genes for osteoarthritis have been discovered by scientists. Results of the study, published recently could open the door to new targeted therapies for this debilitating disease in the future. 
 
Almost nine million people in the UK suffer from osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease in which a person's joints become damaged, stop moving freely and become painful. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease and a leading cause of disability worldwide.

There is no treatment for osteoarthritis. The disease is managed with pain relief and culminates in joint replacement surgery, which has variable outcomes.

In the largest study of its kind, scientists investigated the genetics behind osteoarthritis, as well as the diseases and traits that are linked to it. To understand more about the genetic basis of osteoarthritis, the team studied 16.5 million DNA variations from the resource. Following combined analysis in up to 30,727 people with osteoarthritis and nearly 300,000 people without osteoarthritis in total—the controls—scientists discovered nine new genes that were associated with osteoarthritis, a significant result for this disease.

The senior author said: "Osteoarthritis is challenging to study because the disease can vary among people, and also between the different joints affected, for example knee, hip, hand and spine. Using data from the  resource, we have undertaken the largest genetic study of osteoarthritis to date and uncovered nine new genes associated with the disease."
Researchers then investigated the role of the nine new genes in osteoarthritis, by studying both normal cartilage and diseased cartilage from individuals who had a joint replacement.

The team looked for genes that were active in the progression of the disease by extracting the relevant cells from healthy and diseased tissue, studying the levels of proteins in the tissue and sequencing the RNA—the messenger that carries instructions from DNA for controlling the production of proteins.
Of the nine genes associated with osteoarthritis, researchers identified five genes in particular that differed significantly in their expression in healthy and diseased tissue. The five genes present novel targets for future research into therapies.

The joint first author said: "These results are an important step towards understanding the genetic causes of osteoarthritis and take us closer to uncovering the mechanism behind the disease. Once we know that, it opens the door to developing new therapies for this debilitating disease."

The team also explored genetic correlations between osteoarthritis and obesity, bone mineral density, type 2 diabetes, and raised blood lipid levels.

Researchers applied a statistical technique known as causal inference analysis to uncover which traits and diseases cause osteoarthritis, and which do not.

Within the limits of their study, scientists discovered that type 2 diabetes and high levels of lipids in the blood do not have causal effects on osteoarthritis, but reaffirm that obesity does.

The joint first author said: "Using genetic data, we have shown that type 2 diabetes and increased blood lipid levels do not appear to be on the causal path to osteoarthritis. We also reconfirmed that obesity is on the causal path to osteoarthritis."

Another researcher said: "The discovery of these genes is positive news for the 8.5 million people in the UK living with osteoarthritis. People living with this debilitating condition currently have limited treatment options. Meanwhile, they can struggle to do the day-to-day things most of us take for granted, like going to work or getting dressed independently. By revealing how these genes contribute to osteoarthritis, this research could open the door for new treatments to help millions of people live the pain free life they deserve."

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                      PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/   
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HEALTH BENEFITS OF CUSTARD APPLE

Light green in colour and bumpy in texture, ramphal or custard apple is a fruit with many health benefits. It is called custard apple because of its distinct flavour which is a blend of sweet custard and cooked apple. The fruit is also widely known as bullock's heart. The fruit is known to have strong medicinal and healing properties. An extract of the fruit can help minor injuries to a great extent. Agrees celebrity nutritionist who recently took to Facebook to explain the numerous health benefits of ramphal.

She says that the fruit is excellent to taste and has numerous therapeutic benefits - which are very similar to most of the native and forgotten fruits.

1. Good for diabetics
The nutritionist mentions in her post that ramphal might be the best fruit for diabetics and pre-diabetics. Ramphal has lots of important minerals and properties which lower glucose levels. She says that ramphal has anti-cancer properties as well.

2. Treats acne
Ramphal can also be helpful in treating acne, frizzy hair and weak joints. Loaded with nutrients and Vitamin C, ramphal helps in fighting the harmful free radicals in the body. People who are above the age of 30 and have unwanted acne, ramphal can help you in dealing with the situation. The fruit has a buttery texture from inside, which can be helpful in bringing back your lost glow.
3. Boosts immunity
People with poor immune system and those who fall sick with every weather change can benefit from ramphal. Vitamin A in ramphal improves body's immunity. Also, B Vitamins in ramphal reduces inflammation.

4. Reduces risks of heart diseases
Ramphal has flavonoids which can be helpful in reducing risks of heart dieases. Tannic acid in ramphal has been known to reduce lipid levels and keep blood pressure under control.


5. Heals wounds
The extract of ramphal speeds up the process of cell growth and enables a smooth recovery. Minor injuries can be effectively dealt with by consuming ramphal. It also has anti-bacterial properties which reduces risks of infections.

6. Relieves pain
Certain compounds in ramphal have anti-inflammatory properties which help in reducing pain.

7. Fights bacteria
Extracts of ramphal have been known to kill bacteria which is responsible for conditions like diarrhoea, pneumonia and typhoid to name a few. The impact of ramphal can be said to be as effective as a natural antibiotic.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    

PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                      
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FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                     

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Heart Attack technique finds gene linked to heart risk

Scientists have discovered a previously unrecognized gene variation that makes humans have healthier blood lipid levels and reduced risk of heart attacks This region of DNA where it was found had been implicated as being important in controlling blood lipid levels in a report from several members of the same research team in 2008.

Scientists have discovered a previously unrecognized gene variation that makes humans have healthier blood lipid levels and reduced risk of heart attacks — a finding that opens the door to using this knowledge in testing or treatment of high cholesterol and other lipid disorders.

But even more significant is how they found the gene, which had been hiding in plain sight in previous hunts for genes that influence cardiovascular risk.

This region of DNA where it was found had been implicated as being important in controlling blood lipid levels in a report from several members of the same research team in 2008. But although this DNA region had many genes, none of them had any obvious link to blood lipid levels. The promise of an entirely new lipid-related gene took another six years and a new approach to find.

In a new paper in Nature Genetics, a team from the Univ. of Michigan and the Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology report that they zeroed in on the gene in an entirely new way.

The team scanned the genetic information available from a biobank of thousands of Norwegians, focusing on variations in genes that change the way proteins function. Most of what they found turned out to be already known to affect cholesterol levels and other blood lipids.

But one gene, dubbed TM6SF2, wasn’t on the radar at all. In a minority of the Norwegians who carried a particular change in the gene, blood lipid levels were much healthier and they had a lower rate of heart attack. And when the researchers boosted or suppressed the gene in mice, they saw the same effect on the animals’ blood lipid levels.

“Cardiovascular disease presents such a huge impact on people’s lives that we should leave no stone unturned in the search for the genes that cause heart attack,” says Cristen Willer, the senior author of the paper and an assistant professor of Internal Medicine, Human Genetics and Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics at the U-M Medical School.

“While genetic studies that focused on common variations may explain as much as 30 percent of the genetic component of lipid disorders, we still don’t know where the rest of the genetic risk comes from,” Willer adds. “This approach of focusing on protein-changing variation may help us zero in on new genes faster.”

Willer and Kristian Hveem of the Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology led the team that published the new result. Intriguingly, Willer and colleagues suggest the same gene may also be involved in regulating lipid levels in the liver — a finding confirmed by the observations of a team led by Jonathan Cohen and Helen Hobbs, who propose a role for the gene in liver disease in the same issue of Nature Genetics.

Hveem, a gastroenterologist, says that “more research into the exact function of this protein will be needed to understand the role it plays in these two diseases, and whether it can be targeted with new drug therapies to reduce risk — or treat — one or both diseases.”

The success of the scientific experiment was due to efficient screening of thousands of Norwegian samples and clinical information amassed over a 30-year period by the The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and the Tromsø Study.

The HUNT Biobank was selected as the “European Research Biobank of the Year” in 2013. Hveem, its managing director, says, “We knew this day would come, when we would see the scientific success stories of decades of labor and tens of thousands of participants donating samples, and it is very rewarding.”

Lead author on the study, Oddgeir Holmen of Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, adds, “These are exciting times for disease genetics. The combination of large population-based studies and the rapid development in genotyping technologies will probably help us understand a great deal more about cardiovascular disease, and other diseases, in the next few years.” 

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

ps- those interested in recipes are free to view my blog-

http://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/

for info about knee replacement, you can view my blog-

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for crochet designs

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