HCQ has 90% chance of helping COVID-19 patients: US doctors' body

A team of US doctors has claimed that hydroxychloroquine, an anti-malarial drug termed potential "game-changer" for COVID-19 by President Donald Trump, has improved the survival and recovery odds for about 90 per cent of patients infected with the virus.

In a letter to Arizona Governor Doug Ducey, the Association of American Physicians and Surgeons (AAPS) presented a frequently updated table of studies that report results of treating COVID-19 with the chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine drugs.

They presented data on 2,333 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine in China, France, South Korea, Algeria, and the US.

It shows 91.6 per cent of those who got the drug fared better after treatment.

The antiviral properties of these drugs have been studied since 2003. Particularly when combined with zinc, they hinder viral entry into cells and inhibit replication. They may also prevent overreaction by the immune system, which causes the cytokine storm responsible for much of the damage in severe cases, the AAPS explained.

In a letter, the AAPS team urged that doctors should not wait for results of gold standard tests of the drug to start using it for coronavirus patients and should instead base their use of it on reasonable interpretations of limited available data.

Peer-reviewed studies published from January through April 20, this year, provide clear and convincing evidence that hydroxychloroquine may be beneficial in COVID-19, especially when used early, they stated.

AAPS's endorsement of the drug comes after the study from Veterans Health Administration medical centres showed that hydroxychloroquine has no benefit in treating patients with the disease.

Meanwhile, on April 24, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued fresh guidelines, cautioning people against over-the-counter use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for Covid-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to the risk of heart rhythm problems.

The FDA said it is aware of reports of serious heart rhythm problems in patients with Covid-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, often in combination with azithromycin and other QT-prolonging medicines.

"We are also aware of the increased use of these medicines through outpatient prescriptions. Therefore, we would like to remind healthcare professionals and patients of the known risks associated with both hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine," the agency said in a statement.

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Ageing hinders development of cancer

Age can pose as a hindrance to development and further progression of cancer cells, a new study has found.

The findings of this study published  recently, has found that human ageing processes may hinder cancer development.

Ageing is one of the biggest risk factors for cancer. However, the biological mechanisms behind this link are still unclear.

Each cell in the human body is specialised to carry out certain tasks and will only need to express certain genes. Gene expression is the process by which specific genes are activated to produce a required protein.

Gene expression analyses have been used to study cancer and ageing, but only a few studies have investigated the relationship between gene expression changes in these two processes.

In an effort to better understand the biological mechanisms researchers compared how genes differentially expressed with age and genes differentially expressed in cancer among 9 human tissues.

Normally, a healthy cell can divide in a controlled manner. In contrast, a senescent or ' sleeping 'cells have lost their ability to divide.

As we age, the number of senescent cells in our bodies increase, which then drive many age-related processes and diseases.

Genetic mutations triggered by things such as UV exposure can sometimes cause cells to replicate uncontrollably- and uncontrolled cell growth is cancer.

Researcher found that in most of the tissues examined, ageing and cancer gene expression ' surprisingly' changed in the opposite direction.

These overlapping gene sets were related to several processes, mainly cell cycle and the immune system. Moreover, cellular senescence changed in the same direction as ageing and in the opposite direction of cancer signatures.

Researchers believe that the changes in ageing and cellular senescence might relate to a decrease in cell proliferation, while cancer changes shift towards an increase in cell division.

" One of the reasons our bodies have evolved to have senescent cells is to suppress cancers. But then it seems that senescent cells accumulate in aged human tissues and may contribute to ageing and degeneration.

Ageing tissues may hinder cell proliferation and consequently cancer, the study author added.

However, an alternative explanation comes from evolutionary biology. First author explained, " aged tissue might actually be a better environment for a rogue cancer cell to proliferate because the cancer cell will have an evolutionary advantage."

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Hypertension can hinder clearance of waste molecules of brain

As part of a recent study, researchers have found that high blood pressure may affect conditions such as Alzheimer's disease by interfering with the brain's waste management system.

According to the findings, hypertension causes stiffening and elasticity loss in blood vessels, which hinders the clearance of waste molecules from the brain. Using a rat model of hypertension, a team of researchers, studied how the condition affects the movement of cerebrospinal fluid into and interstitial fluid out of brain cells.

The researchers tracked the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and found that the hypertensive rats exhibited larger ventricles, decreased brain volume, and impaired fluid transport.

They concluded that hypertension interferes with the clearance of macro-molecules from the brain, such as the Alzheimer's pathology protein b-amyloid. Treatments targeting hypertension could, in turn, reduce b-amyloid buildup and delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

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Hot water vs cold water- facts

About 70 percent of our body is made up of water and without water, it is impossible for anyone to survive. Every individual needs to drink at least 2 liters of water every day to stay fit. But it is equally important to maintain the intake of H2O when trying to lose weight. Fluid is crucial for weight loss because it is 100 percent calorie-free, helps burn more calories and may suppress your appetite. It is widely believed that lukewarm is good for weight loss and is often recommended to people on weight loss plan. But does this theory really works?
Pros of drinking cold water It does feel good to drink cold water, especially on a hot summer day. But there are numerous disadvantages of having cold water.
Contracts your blood vessel: Cold water or cold beverage solidifies the fat in the bloodstream and makes it difficult to absorb nutrients.
Do not drink cold water while eating: Drinking cold water while eating food can hinder the digestion process, since our body gets an additional task of regulating the temperature of the water.
Throat pain: Cold water can also lead to throat pain because our body sometimes produces excess mucus when it comes in contact with cold water.
Benefits of drinking warm waterHot water or lukewarm water has numerous health benefits.
Improves digestion: Drinking warm water before a meal can accelerate your metabolism and speed up your digestion process.

Helps to remove toxins: Sipping a cup of warm water before your breakfast can help you remove toxins from the body.

Improves mood: It might sound strange, but drinking warm water can uplift your mood. As per a study, it can also make you more friendly.

Relief from constipation: Drinking warm water on an empty stomach can help you regulate bowel movement. If you drink a cup of warm water every day in the morning, you will not suffer from constipation.

Cold vs Hot water for weight loss Hot water does have numerous health benefits as compared to cold water. But when it comes to weight loss, the temperature of the water does not really matter. It is important to drink plenty of water when trying to lose weight, but there is no evidence to prove that hot water accelerates the weight loss process. There are a lot of factors responsible for weight loss and you cannot solely rely on hot water for it. You need to eat a healthy diet and follow an intense workout routine in order to lose weight in an effective way. Cut down on all the junk foods and include more fresh fruits and green vegetables in your diet. 

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Researchers identified a brain protein that could be more direct target for treating anxiety

Anxiety is an important mental state and related disorders may lead to many severe sufferings. In which patients suffer from intense fears and anxiety or from sudden, inexplicable panic  attacks. Whereas in extreme cases, the sufferer sometimes leaves their home and which can have many other serious impacts on their family, friend and work circles.

Recently, scientists  have discovered a synaptic protein which, when inactivated, has an anxiolytic effect in mice. This research will play an important role to study anxiety disorders.

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Nearly ten percent of the total populous suffers from anxiety disorders, however, available treatment alternatives only can help a proportion of them.

Patients with anxiety disorders are commonly investigated with increased neuronal activity in the amygdala, a brain region that plays a key role in processing emotions such as anxiety or fear. Overactivation of the amygdala is found to be actively involved in causing severe anxiety.

Many anxiolytic medications for instance Benzodiazepines bring this overactivation to normal by strengthening the function of inhibitory synapses. 

Synapses are actually connections between nerve cells in the brain, at which information is transmitted from one nerve cell to another. At inhibitory synapses, this information transmission lowers a reduction in the activity of the neighboring nerve cells.

In the amygdala, for instance, this hinders the transmission of stimuli that trigger fear and anxiety. Anxiolytic medications such as Benzodiazepines strengthen this inhibitory effect.

Unfortunately, this medication also impacts synapses in the brain those are not targeted ones. This can lead to many other side effects such as pronounced sedation and impaired concentration.

In the search for new, more specific targets for anxiolytic medications several studies take place. During such a study, healthy animals investigate an empty test chamber, rodents with a pathological anxiety phenotype split into a corner because they are afraid. Conversely, when the scientists inhibit the production of the recently discovered protein IgSF9b in these mice, they started wandering around the chamber again.

A researcher said, “Blocking IgSF9b in pathologically anxious mice has an anxiolytic effect and normalizes anxiety behavior in these animals. This protein could, therefore, be a target for pharmacological approaches to treating anxiety disorders.”

The author who led a study, said,  “Our research shows that protein structures at inhibitory synapses in the centromedial amygdala, and particularly the protein IgSF9b, constitute promising new targets for potential treatments. It thus provides an important contribution toward understanding the biological causes of anxiety disorders and for the development of new anxiolytic medications.”

Women more susceptible than men to asthma

Women are twice as likely as men to have asthma, and this gender difference may be caused by the effects of sex hormones on lung cells, a study has found.

Researchers found that testosterone hindered an immune cell linked to asthma symptoms, such as inflammation and mucus production in the lungs.

"When we started this study, we really thought that ovarian hormones would increase inflammation, more so than testosterone making it better," said a researcher.

"I was surprised to see that testosterone was more important in reducing inflammation," said a senior author of the study.

Prior studies have found that, before puberty, boys have about 1.5 times higher rate of asthma than girls. That trend reverses after puberty, when women are twice likely to have asthma as men, researchers said.

This pattern continues until women hit menopause, and then the asthma rates in women start to  decline. 

Increased asthma symptoms are regulated by many different factors, including exposure to allergens and viral infections, and the researchers suspected that sex hormones might also be involved.

Researchers looked at human and mouse cells to further study the trend in gender differences that they had observed.

They focused on lung cells called Group 2 innate lymphoid cells, or ILC2 cells. These cells make cytokines, proteins that cause inflammation and mucus production in the lungs, which makes it harder to breathe.

The researchers collected blood from people with and without asthma and found that those with asthma had more ILC2 cells than those without. Of that group, asthmatic women had more ILC2 cells than asthmatic men.

ILC2 cells are also found in the lungs of mice, but they are rare. They make up only about 10,000 of the 10 million cells in a mouse lung, researchers said.
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Women are twice as likely as men to have asthma, and this gender difference may be caused by the effects of sex hormones on lung cells, a study has found.

Researchers found that testosterone hindered an immune cell linked to asthma symptoms, such as inflammation and mucus production in the lungs.

Read more at:
//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61849958.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Women are twice as likely as men to have asthma, and this gender difference may be caused by the effects of sex hormones on lung cells, a study has found.

Researchers found that testosterone hindered an immune cell linked to asthma symptoms, such as inflammation and mucus production in the lungs.

"When we started this study, we really thought that ovarian hormones would increase inflammation, more so than testosterone making it better," said Dawn Newcomb, from the Vand ..

Read more at:
//economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/61849958.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Foods and DrinksTo Be Avoided When Sick

1. Coffee

When to avoid it: You have any type of illness, but especially if you have a stomach bug.
Why it makes you worse: The caffeine present in coffee is a diuretic, so it can make you urinate a lot, leaving you dehydrated. That is bad news when you're battling some sort of virus or other infection, since being hydrated helps your immune system fight more effectively. Caffeine is even worse if you're vomiting or have diarrhea, since both will cause you to lose further fluids and, therefore, taking caffeine on top of that will only make your dehydration worse. Furthermore, caffeine can stimulate the muscles in your digestive tract and intensify your diarrhea.

2. Orange Juice

When to avoid it: If you have a cough or a sore throat.
Why it makes you sick: Orange juice's tart acidity is usually very refreshing, but when you have a cough or a cold, it can cause more damage than good. This is because the citric acid irritates further the lining of your already-inflamed throat. This means your throat will take longer to heal.

3. Sweets

When you to avoid it: You have any sort of illness, but especially a stomach bug.
Why it makes you  worse: Eating refined sugar can temporarily hinder your white blood cells' ability to fend off bacteria. Therefore, for a few hours after snacking on sugary treats such as cookies, candy or cereal, your immune system is weaker. As a result, it will be less efficient at fighting off the germs that are making you ill. Refined sugar poses more of a problem when you have a stomach bug as the sugar pulls fluid out of the GI tract, leading to diarrhea.

4. Soda

When to avoid : You are suffering from any type of illness, but especially a stomach bug.
Why it makes you feel sick: Caffeinated sodas, just like coffee, will dehydrate you and they are full of sugars that will suppress your immune system and mess with your GI tract. If water doesn't appeal to you, try a low-energy drink with rehydrating electrolytes - like a sports drink or coconut water.

 

5. Crunchy Snacks

When to avoid it: You have a cough or a sore throat.
Why they make you  worse: The abrasiveness of snacks such as potato chips, granola, or even crispy toast will feel like sandpaper on your raw throat. The more you irritate your throat, the longer it will take to heal.

6. Alcohol 

When to avoid it: You have any sort of illness, but especially a stomach bug.
Why it makes you feel sick: Alcohol, just like coffee, is a diuretic that can worsen illness-related dehydration, and since you're probably already dehydrated to begin with, your blood alcohol content will rise faster - thus, you will get drunk faster. Alcohol may also speed up digestion, which can lead to watery stools or diarrhea.

7. Milk

When to avoid it: You have stuffiness and congestion.
Why it makes you feel worse: You have probably heard that you should avoid dairy when you're ill because it makes you produce more phlegm and mucus. However, there is no clear evidence of this. Although, some people find that dairy makes their phlegm thicker and more unpleasant.

 8. Fried or Fatty Foods

When to avoid it: You have a stomach bug.
Why it makes you feel sick: Fatty foods take a lot longer to move through your digestive system, which can make nausea worse and trigger acid reflux. Furthermore, as they can trigger muscle spasms in your gut, they can make diarrhea a lot worse. So, save the fatty foods for when you're better.

9. Spicy Foods

When to avoid it: You have a runny nose.
why it makes you worse: Chili peppers and hot sauce get their heat from capsaicin, a compound which will irritate your nasal passages and make your nose run. Therefore, if you already have a runny nose, the heat will only make it worse.

 this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.

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https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes 

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