Blood clots don't have to be deadly: how to recognize signs and symptoms

One in four deaths in Canada is because of conditions caused by blood clots, and a new campaign offers an easy way to remember the symptoms of a clot in your leg or lung.

A Dr.  of medicine says clots can be prevented and treated and awareness of the signs and symptoms is crucial.

“What has become clear since we started our campaign is that definitely a significant portion of the population do not know about blood clots,” she explains. “We know from research that if we can identify individuals who are at high risk and if we can institute prevention methods we can actually stop clots.”

An awareness campaign was launched in the lead up to World Thrombosis Day, which is October 13th.

“Thrombosis is the most common vascular condition after heart attack and stroke. There are two types: deep vein thrombosis (or DVT, a clot in the upper or lower extremities) and pulmonary embolism (it happens when a piece of the blood clot breaks off and travels by the veins to the lung),” according to the doctors.

One tool they offer is a simple way to identify and remember the signs and symptoms of a clot.

The Dr. says these symptoms can come on suddenly or gradually, but a key sign that something might be wrong is when the symptoms persist.


“If the body is trying to speak to us it tries to get it’s message across. So pains that are worrisome don’t go away over a few minutes or a few hours. They tend to come back, they tend to get worse.”

People who are at a higher risk for developing blood clots include pregnant women, people who have been diagnosed with cancer, and people who have recently undergone surgery.

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New drug proves to be promising for pancreatic cancer

Researchers have invented a new drug for treating pancreatic cancer, which also showed promising initial results.

Radiation and chemotherapy drug gemcitabine, which are the standard treatment for pancreatic cancer, both work by causing damage to DNA. But pancreatic cancer has a way of repairing that damage, which limits how effective these therapies can be.

Researchers found that AZD1775 prevented pancreatic cancer from protecting itself against the effects of radiation and gemcitabine, while leaving normal cells relatively unaffected.

If we can disable the DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells, it might eliminate treatment resistance and sensitize cancer to the effects of both radiation and chemotherapy, said an associate Prof. of radiation oncology.

According to the study, the trial enrolled 34 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
Patients received AZD1775 in addition to radiation and gemcitabine. The goal of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of AZD2775 in this combination. In the process, the researchers also found that this combination resulted in better than expected overall survival.

Pancreatic cancer is particularly known for spreading to distant parts of the body, part of the reason overall 5-year survival is just 9%.

If we're ever going to cure pancreatic cancer, we're going to need effective systemic treatment as well as local therapy. Our data suggest that AZD1775 can do both, said the senior author of the study.
The median overall survival in the study was 22 months, with no progression for a median of 9 months. A previous study using gemcitabine alone in a similar group of patients found an overall survival of 12-14 months.

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Adding AZD1775 to radiation and gemcitabine was relatively well tolerated with encouraging survival results. Further studies with promising combination are needed, the author concluded.

Hepatitis C transmissiom from mothers to babies can be prevented through universal screening

In a recent study conducted by researchers in Canada stated that the transmission of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) from mothers to babies can be prevented.

Accoding to the study, the transmission can only be prevented if Canada recommended universal screening for HCV in pregnancy.

The lead author of the research said, we encourage all care providers to consider the reproductive implications of HCV, to consider HCV screening in pregnancy and referral for treatment of HCV.

The time has come to move toward universal HCV screening in women who are pregnant, with initial prenatal investigations that are then repeated based in risk factors in the  3rd trimester, she concluded.
Almost half of the women infected with HCV are unaware of their infection, and current treatment with direct acting antiviral regimens is quite effective.

With the care gaps in both maternal screening in pregnancy and postnatal infant screening. Canada likely has a large cohort of infants, children and young adults with progressive liver disease, who could have been cured of the HCV infection if it had been identified early or, quite simply, would not  have been infected at all, the author explained.

The elimination of vertical transmission of HCV from mother to child is easily achievable with the collaboration of public health care professionals.

 

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Hina by: Hina Zahid Exercise decreases inflammation and prevents cartilage damage in osteoarthritis

The researchers have shown for the first time how mechanical forces experienced by cells in joints during exercise prevent cartilage degradation by suppressing the action of inflammatory molecules which cause osteoarthritis.

The study has demonstrated the benefits of exercise on the tissues that form our joints and how this is down to tiny hair-like structures, called primary cilia, found on living cells. 

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease and a leading cause of adult disability. The etiology of OA is not clear, but common risk factors for developing OA include age, joint injury, mechanical and obesity.

Exercise is the most common non-pharmacologic therapy prescribed to patients with osteoarthritis. It can help improve health and fitness without hurting the joints.

During exercise the cartilage in joints such as the hip and knee is squashed. This mechanical distortion is detected by the living cells in the cartilage which then block the action of inflammatory molecules associated with conditions such as arthritis.

The researchers show that this anti-inflammatory effect of physical activity is caused by the activation of a particular protein, called HDAC6, which triggers changes in the proteins that form primary cilia.

Pharmaceutical drugs that blocked HDAC6 activation prevented the anti-inflammatory effects of physical activity, whilst other drug treatments were able to mimic the benefits of exercise.

Changes in length of the primary cilia, which are only a few 1000th of  millimetre, provided a biomarker of the level of inflammation. Cilia got longer during inflammation, but treatments that prevented this elongation successfully prevented inflammation.

One of the researcher said, " We have known for some time that healthy exercises is good for you-- now we know the process through which exercises prevents cartilage degradation."

Prof. and a lead researcher of the study added, " These findings may also explain the anti-inflammatory effects of normal blood flow in arteries which is important for preventing arterial disease such as atherosclerosis and aneurysm".

The researchers hope that these findings will help in the search for treatments for arthritis which affects over 3 million people in the U.K causing stiff and painful joints.

The researchers suggest the results may lead to a whole new therapeutic approach known as mechano-medicine in which drugs simulate the effect of mechanical forces to prevent the damaging effects of inflammation and treat conditions such as arthritis.

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Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Exercise decreases inflammation and prevents cartilage damage in osteoarthritis https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/exercise-decreases-inflammation-and-prevents-cartilage-damage-in-osteoarthritis/

Read more at Speciality Medical Dialogues: Exercise decreases inflammation and prevents cartilage damage in osteoarthritis https://speciality.medicaldialogues.in/exercise-decreases-inflammation-and-prevents-cartilage-damage-in-osteoarthritis/

8 Warning Signs of a Blood Clot

Blood clotting is a normal process that the human body carries out in order to stop external bleeding. However, sometimes blood clots happen when they're not meant to, such as when it's still within your veins. When this occurs, blood clotting can become life-threatening. Internal clotting can be a cause of heart attacks, strokes, as well as other serious medical conditions. Fortunately, there are 8 common ways to notice if you're suffering from a blood clot:

1. Swelling in One Limb

One serious type of blood clot is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). When DVT occurs, oxygen is prevented from reaching your vital organs. This results in poor blood circulation, which ends up causing swelling. If one or more of your limbs is inexplicably swollen, it would be best to consult your doctor.

2. Leg Pain or Tenderness

People suffering from DVT also commonly experience leg pain or tenderness. In addition to making the limbs swell, DVT may also cause the legs to ache, be sore to the touch, or to cramp up.

3. Chest Pain and Heavy Breathing

Chest pain should never be ignored, and neither should heavy breathing. If both of these symptoms are experienced simultaneously, experts say that you could be suffering from a blood clot in the lungs. Such a clot can quickly turn fatal, so should you experience these symptoms, then stop whatever you're doing, and seek medical attention right away.

4. Shortness of Breath

Much like with heavy breathing, shortness of breath is never a symptom you should ignore. If you notice that you're finding it hard to breathe, have a racing heart, feel a fluttering sensation in your chest, or experience any dizziness, then you may be suffering from a clot in the lungs. These symptoms, particularly when experienced simultaneously, warrant immediate medical attention.

5. A Random Cough Without a Cold

If you aren't ill but are coughing for seemingly no reason, then look out for other potential signs of a blood clot. These include chest pain, shortness of breath, and a noticeably increased heart rate.

6. Red Streaks Along Your Veins

If you notice red streaks on your skin that run down much of the length of your veins, then you should contact your doctor immediately. While blood clots typically cause bruising, streaking is a sign of a more severe and potentially life-threatening concern. These streaks will also make your skin feel a lot warmer to the touch, which is another way of identifying a clot.

7. Severe, Chronic Headaches

If you are continually experiencing very painful headaches, whilst also having trouble speaking or seeing, then this may indicate a blood clot in your brain. Needless to say, this is extremely serious, and you should seek medical assistance immediately.

8. Vomiting or Diarrhea

Severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is never normal under any circumstances. However, if these symptoms keep persisting, then you should contact a medical professional, as they could indicate a blood clot in the abdominal region.

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Consuming dietary fibre like peas, broccoli can help prevent obesity

Obesity is one of the biggest health problems at present, that is rapidly becoming a part of everyone's life. The rising number of obese people around the world just goes to show how we are allowing a particular lifestyle to dictate us into an unhealthy state of being.

Obesity is also a trigger for many other health problems like diabetes, hypertension and hormonal disorders.

Eating healthy is the first thing that comes to mind when one decides to lose weight, besides regular exercise.

While various diets are always available, a study has suggested adding dietary fibre like peas, broccoli, raspberries, blackberries, coconut and figs in your daily diet to avoid chances of obesity.

According to  researchers, consumption of dietary fibre can prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome and adverse changes in the intestine by promoting the growth of "good" bacteria in the colon.

The findings indicated that enriching the diet of mice with the fermentable fibre insulin prevented metabolic syndrome that is induced by a high-fat diet and they identified specifically how this occurs in the body.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions closely linked to obesity that includes increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels and when these conditions occur together, they increase a person's risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with alterations in gut microbiota, the microorganism population that lives in the intestine.

This study found the fermentable fibre inulin restored gut health and protected mice against metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet by restoring gut microbiota levels, increasing the production of intestinal epithelial cells and restoring expression of the protein interleukin-22 (IL-22), which prevented gut microbiota from invading epithelial cells.

Researcher said that manipulating dietary fibre content, particularly by adding fermentable fibre, guards against metabolic syndrome.

For four weeks, the team fed mice either a grain-based rodent chow, a high-fat diet (high fat and low fibre content with 5 percent cellulose as a source of fibre) or a high-fat diet supplemented with fibre (either fermentable inulin fibre or insoluble cellulose fibre).

The high-fat diet is linked to an increase in obesity and conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.

The results indicated that insoluble cellulose fibre only modestly reduced obesity and dysglycemia.

When they switched mice back to a chow diet, the colon mass was fully restored.
 

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