‘Pollution’s dangers can be passed on to next generation’

Parent’s exposure to dirty air before conceiving could have a negative impact on the heart health of the offspring later in life.
These are the findings of a study in mice.

Wondering about the possible health risks for children of people routinely exposed to highly polluted air, including soldiers and residents of some of the world’s largest cities, the researchers studied the effects of dirty air on mice. And they found an abundance of evidence of harm to the offspring of parents that routinely breathed dirty air prior to mating.

“We found that these offspring had a variety of heart problems during the prime of their lives and the effects were so robust that it was somewhat shocking,” said study senior author.

Heart function was impaired. Inflammatory markers linked to increased heart disease risk were high. They had markers of oxidative stress, a condition in which levels of beneficial antioxidants are low. Calcium regulatory proteins, which are critical to the function of the beating heart, were altered. And these mice were young and otherwise healthy – comparable to 20-year-old humans.

“This suggests that heart problems related to pollution exposure could start even before conception, and if that’s true it has implications worldwide,” said the author.

The team also uncovered evidence of gene-related differences that might explain the cardiovascular changes they saw. They examined epigenetic regulators, which play an important role in the expression of genes – meaning that they have influence over predisposition to health problems, including cardiovascular disease.

“I looked at important epigenetic regulators in the offspring, and some were activated, which could explain the differences we saw. The next step will be a more detailed analysis,” said study lead author.

“A key question here is how are changes in the sperm and eggs passing on the information to the offspring to cause this heart dysfunction?” he said.

Though more animal research is needed, this study also opens the door to exploring the role of air pollution on the health of future generations, he said. For instance, it might make sense to begin by working with adults with high levels of exposure to particulate matter, such as residents of New Delhi and Beijing, he added.

“We already know that humans have dramatic cardiovascular effects from exposure to dirty air, high blood pressure in particular. And we know that babies can be harmed by pollution both before and after birth,” he further added.

“Understanding whether the damage may begin even before conception is critical,” he concluded.

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'Artificial bones' generated from umbilical cord stem cells

Scientists have successfully developed 'artificial bones' from 

umbilical cord stem cells, paving way for repair of bones 

and replacement of lost cartilage in limbs. Scientists 

in  Spain, patented a new bio-material that facilitates 

generating bone tissue or artificial bones. The material 

consists of an activated carbon cloth support for cells that 

differentiate giving rise to a product that can promote bone 

growth.

Although the method has not yet been applied in living 

organisms, laboratory results are highly promising. In the 

future, they could help manufacture medicines for the 

repair of bone or osteochondrial, tumour or traumatic 

lesions and to replace lost cartilage in limbs, researchers 

said.

After obtaining artificial bones in the laboratory, the 

researchers' next step is to implant this bio-material in 

experimental animal models like rats or rabbits to see if it 

can regenerate bone in them.

The scientists have made this important scientific 

breakthrough after years of research in cell biology, radio-

biology and materials studies. No alternative materials are 

currently available on the market, nor have any been 

described in the literature, researchers said.

Precedents exist in the development of materials that fulfil 

the basic function of stimulating cell differentiation but a 

biologically complex material similar to bone tissue has 

never before been produced "ex vivo".

The method of stem cell differentiation uses a three-

dimensional support and facilitates obtaining cell types 

implicated in bone regeneration in cell culture conditions 

not requiring additional differentiation factors or factors 

that differ from those present in the cell culture serum.

Thanks to this invention, a bio-material consisting of stem 

cells supported on activated carbon cloth and capable of 

generating a product in which osteochondrial and 

mineralised extracellular organic matrix lineage cells exist, 

can be obtained, researchers said. The patent developed in 

Granada could have numerous applications in stem cell use 

in regenerative medicine, as well as in treating bone tissue 

and cartilage lesion problems.

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Shrimp helps to have stronger bones !

Shrimp is high in vitamin B-12, which aids bone density, is 

crucial in the generation of new cells, and is a good source of 

vitamin D, an essential ingredient for bone strength.

Green tea can improve your memory

Chemicals found in green tea can boost your memory and learning skills, a new study has found.

Researchers  found that chemical properties of green tea affect the generation of brain cells, providing benefits for memory and spatial learning.

Scientists said it has long been believed that drinking green tea is good for the memory.

Spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one’s environment and its spatial orientation.

There has been plenty of scientific attention on its use in helping prevent cardiovascular diseases, but now there is emerging evidence that its chemical properties may impact cellular mechanisms in the brain.

The study focussed on the organic chemical EGCG, (epigallocatechin—3 gallate) a key property of green tea.

While EGCG is a known anti—oxidant, the team believed it can also have a beneficial effect against age—related degenerative diseases.

We proposed that EGCG can improve cognitive function by impacting the generation of neuron cells, a process known as neurogenesis.

The research was focussed on the hippocampus, the part of the brain which processes information from short—term to long—term memory.

The researchers found that ECGC boosts the production of neural progenitor cells, which like stem cells can adapt, or differentiate, into various types of cells.

The team then used laboratory mice to discover if this increased cell production gave an advantage to memory or spatial learning.

The researchers ran tests on two groups of mice, one which had imbibed ECGC and a control group.

The mice were trained for three days to find a visible platform in their maze. Then they were trained for seven days to find a hidden platform.

Researchers found that the ECGC treated mice required less time to find the hidden platform. Overall the results revealed that EGCG enhances learning and memory by improving object recognition and spatial memory.

We have shown that the organic chemical EGCG acts directly to increase the production of neural progenitor cells, both in glass tests and in mice.