A new study throws light on gut function

For the first time, new insights into how the colon functions and actually expels its contents have been revealed.

The results of the study were published in the journal – Physiology.

It promises new diagnostics tools and treatments for gastrointestinal disorders to address problems with bowel movements leading to constipation, diarrhoea and pain, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide.

The propulsion of intestinal contents is controlled by millions of neurons within the wall of the gut, known as the enteric nervous system. Capable of operating independently of the brain, a functioning enteric nervous system is essential for life – but exactly how it functions has been a mystery.

By unraveling the neural circuits of the enteric nervous system in guinea pigs and humans researchers are able to understand how the enteric nervous system ensures that food is slowly mixed and propelled along the digestive tube, allowing for absorption of nutrients  and excretion of waste.

“For the first time, we have combined video recording intestinal movements with a pressure-measuring manometric probe, enabling movements, pressures and electrical activities to be recorded all at the same time within the colon,” the Professor said.

“This powerful combination of techniques applied to a guinea pig colon identified several distinct neural mechanisms involved in the propulsion of colonic contents. This answers the deceptively simple question of how neural mechanisms within the colon manage the propulsion of bowel contents,” he said.

The findings also show how studies in humans and animals can be complementary, identifying fundamental mechanisms that are shared across species – in this case, guinea pigs and humans.

“Currently we treat intestinal disorders by addressing the symptoms, such stopping-up diarrhea or softening stools to ease constipation, but as a result of this new understanding of the neural networks of the enteric system, clinicians may be able to develop treatments that treat the cause of the problems,” he added.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement              

Drug 'canagliflozin' lowers the risk of kidney failure in diabetes patients

In a landmark clinical trial, researchers have found that a drug called canagliflozin decreases the risk of kidney failure by third in the patients' suffering from Type 2  diabetes and kidney disease.

The study involved 4,401 participants in 34 countries. 

"For the first time in 18 years, we have a therapy for patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease that decreases kidney failure," said senior author of the study.

The drug, canagliflozin, improves a nearly two-decades-old therapy, currently the only approved treatment to protect kidney function in people with Type 2 diabetes. In the trial, canagliflozin was  also found to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.

Canagliflozin increases the excretion of glucose through the kidneys. It has already been approved by the government to lower blood glucose in patients with Type 2 diabetes and to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes and existing heart disease.

"People with diabetes and kidney disease are at extremely high risk of kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and death. With this definitive trial result, we now have a very effective way to reduce this risk by using a pill once a day," said the lead author of the study.


Participants in the trial received the best care available for kidney disease under the current guidelines, a type of therapy called the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, or RAAS, blockade. In addition, half were randomly selected to receive canagliflozin, while the other half were given a placebo.

The primary results of the study found that participants who took canagliflozin were 30 per cent less likely than the placebo group to develop kidney failure or die from either renal failure or cardiovascular disease.

Their risk of kidney failure or death from kidney failure was reduced by 34 per cent, and the risk of hospitalisation for heart failure or death due to cardiac causes decreased by 31 per cent.

People with diabetes can develop kidney disease because prolonged high blood sugar harms blood vessels in the kidney. In addition, diabetes often causes high blood pressure, which can stretch and weaken blood vessels in the organ.

For the past two decades, physicians have largely relied on RAAS blockade to prevent the deterioration of kidney function in diabetic patients. Although RAAS blockade lowers blood pressure and delays progression of kidney disease, patients undergoing this treatment remain at high risk for renal failure and cardiovascular disease, as well as death from these conditions.

Given that the number of people with Type 2 diabetes worldwide is estimated to rise by 20 per cent to 510 million in 2030, "a drug like canagliflozin that improves both cardiovascular and renal outcomes has been eagerly sought by both patients with Type 2 diabetes and clinicians caring for them," said the researcher.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/    

                                                                                                                                                     FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                  https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/  

         

                   FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com 

You Exhale Fat When You Lose It

While a few deep breaths don't burn many calories, this is how most burned-off fat exits the body. You may have thought it was through sweat, urine, or some other excretion, the truth is, as we exercise or go about our day, most of the fat is converted into carbon dioxide, leaving our body through our lungs. The remaining 16% of the fat is converted to water and leaves through urine or sweat.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/       

                                                                                                                                                                    FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                  https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/           
                                                                           FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com

Relief for GOUT

Gout: As gout is mainly caused due to increased levels of uric acid in the body, use of apple cider vinegar and honey helps in relieving its symptoms. Being packed with antioxidants and flavonoids, use of honey and apple cider vinegar increases the excretion of uric acid from the body.

How to use it: Add a teaspoon each of vinegar and honey to a glass of warm water and drink this solution daily to get relief. This acts as a natural aid to treat gout.

 this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.

https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations

https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes 

https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

Know why cholera is more deadly for people with type O blood

Researchers have found that cholera toxin activates a key molecule more strongly in people with the O blood type, putting them at increased risk of getting more severely ill from the disease than people of other blood types.

Cholera toxin hyper activates a key signaling molecule in intestinal cells of people with the most common blood type and high levels of that signaling molecule lead to excretion of electrolytes and water — in other words, diarrhea, the researchers found.

Cholera is marked by severe diarrhea that can lead to dehydration, shock and even death.

“We have shown that blood type influences how strongly cholera toxin activates intestinal cells, leading to diarrhea,” said the study’s senior author James Fleckenstein, Associate Professor at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis.

Cholera sickens three million to five million people around the world every year, leading to 100,000 to 120,000 deaths, many of them in the Indian subcontinent, where cholera has been endemic for centuries.

The disease is caused by Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium that infects cells of the small intestine.

Epidemiologists first noticed four decades ago that people with blood type O were more likely to be hospitalised for cholera than people of other blood types, but the reasons for the difference had never been determined. 

Although the blood group antigens – A, B, AB and O – are best known for their presence on red blood cells, they also are found on the surface of many other cell types, including the cells that line the intestine.

To find out what effect cholera toxin had on intestinal cells carrying different blood group antigens, the researchers used clusters of intestinal epithelial stem cells, called enteroids, that can be grown in the lab and differentiated into mature intestinal cells.

As part of the study, the researchers treated four groups of enteroids with cholera toxin — two derived from people with blood type A and two from people with blood type O — and measured the amount of a key signaling molecule inside the cells.

The researchers found that levels of the signalling molecule were roughly twice as high in the cells with the type O antigen than in the cells with type A antigen, suggesting that people with type O antigen who were exposed to cholera toxin would suffer more severe diarrohea.

The findings appeared online in The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes

https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

Here’s how mango pulp helps you fight cancer, inflammation

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOUR PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.

PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-
HTTP:GSEASYRECIPES.BLOGSPOT.COM      

FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG

HTTP://KNEE REPLACEMENT-STICK CLUB.BLOGSPOT.COM/

FOR CROCHET DESIGNS- http://My Crochet Creations.blogspot.com/

 Here’s one more reason to make mangoes your favourite fruit. Did you know they have numerous compounds that have antioxidant properties? These include vitamin C and beta carotene, as well as several polyphenolic compounds including gallic acid and their larger polymers gallotannins, which have been linked to anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities in previous in-vitro and in-vivo studies.

The absorption, metabolism, and excretion of mango galloyl derivatives have not previously been investigated in humans. In this human pilot trial published in the journal of Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 11 healthy volunteers between the ages of 21 and 38 years old consumed 400gm/day of mango-pulp for 10 days, with blood and urine samples taken on days one and 10 of the study following mango consumption.

 Participants refrained from consuming dietary supplements and foods which could be sources of gallic acid such as berries, grapes, and tea for one week prior to the beginning of the study and during the 10 days of mango consumption.

 Seven metabolites of gallic acid were identified in the urine of healthy volunteers, and of those two microbial metabolites were found to be significantly more excreted following 10 days of mango consumption. The presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol metabolites in human urine after the consumption 400g of mango indicates the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of mango galloyl derivative and confirms the bioavailability of these mango-derived metabolites. This study has been published in Molecular Nutrition and Food Research.

Soft drinks and sugar deadly for kidney health

Two new studies have highlighted the potential negative effects that soft drinks and sugar can have on kidney health.

In one study, researchers found that consuming at least two soft drinks per day is linked with proteinuria or increased excretion of protein in the urine, which is a hallmark of kidney dysfunction.

Meanwhile, another study conducted in rats found that moderate fructose intake increases the kidney’s sensitivity to angiotensin II, a protein that regulates salt balance.

This leads to increased salt reabsorption by cells in the kidneys, a finding that might help explain why consumption of high-fructose corn syrup as a sweetener may contribute to the epidemic of diabetes, obesity, kidney failure, and hypertension.

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

ps- those interested in recipes are free to view my blog-

http://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/

for info about knee replacement, you can view my blog-

http://Knee replacement-stick club.blogspot.com/

for crochet designs

http://My Crochet Creations.blogspot.com