Antioxidants found in red wine could treat heart disease

The antioxidants found in red wine could be used to treat people with heart disease, a professor has claimed. 

Cardiovascular disease affects around seven million people in a country, causing over a quarter of deaths every year according to the researchers.

Cardiovascular disease refers to coronary heart disease, angina, heart attacks, congenital disease and strokes, all of which can be managed with treatment.

A Prof. , believes she may have found a way to use the antioxidant found in red wine to help people who are suffering from heart disease. 

This isn’t the only recent instance of scientists lauding the benefits of alcohol.

A new study states that drinking small amounts of alcohol can boost the brain's ability to remove waste, thus providing it with an efficient clean.

Contrarily, the Prof. isn’t advising that people drink more red wine in order to treat heart disease, but rather that incorporating the antioxidants found in red wine into a coronary angioplasty procedure could prove beneficial for heart disease sufferers. 

A coronary angioplasty is a procedure in which blocked or narrowed coronary arteries are widened.
Surgeons do this by inserting and inflating a small balloon into the artery, which frequently involves inserting a stent into the blood vessel.

The Prof. noted that commercial stents can often cause the artery to narrow again afterwards, which is why she’s working on a new type of stent that doesn’t prove harmful in the long run.

The advantages of the antioxidant in red wine  have been noted previously. However, the Prof. has discovered a new way to utilise them.  

The Prof. is currently in the process of developing a new stent that releases two antioxidant compounds that are found in red wine into the blood: resveratrol and quercetin.  

Doing so will promote healing, prevent further blood clotting and reduce inflammation.

“By delivering red wine antioxidants during conventional angioplasty, it may be possible to prevent excess tissue from building up and the blood vessel from narrowing again as it heals,” the Prof. explained

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Family history of heart attacks should not be ignored

Having a family history of cardiovascular disease increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, heart failure and stroke.

Therefore, it is imperative to not ignore a family history of heart attack or heart diseases in general.

Research indicates that siblings with one parent that had experienced a heart attack were 48% more likely to have one. Those with two parents with history of heart attack were nearly six times more likely to have a heart attack.

Speaking about the same, a Dr. said, "The warning signs of a heart attack include chest discomfort, upper body pain, shortness of breath. Most people experience an unusual feeling that begins at the center of the chest and radiates out."

He added, "The discomfort, which can feel like uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain, can last for more than a few minutes or go away and come back. Sometimes people have discomfort or pain in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach. Women, just like men, commonly experience chest pain or discomfort when a heart attack strikes and are more likely than men to suffer other symptoms, such as shortness of breath. Timely consultation with a doctor and treatment at this stage can avert the onset of disease in many cases, which may be potentially life-threatening in some cases."

When a plaque in a heart artery breaks, a blood clot forms around the plaque. This blood clot can block the blood flow through the heart muscle. When the heart muscle is starved for oxygen and nutrients, it is called ischemia. Damage or death of part of the heart muscle due to ischemia is called a heart attack.

The Dr. added, "Those with a family history of heart attack should begin taking preventive measures and precautions at a very early stage. This includes eating a heart-healthy diet composed of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids; regular physical activity; and quitting smoking or drinking."

To live above the age of 80 without a heart attack, one needs to have ideal health parameters and lifestyle. Both can be remembered with the formula of 80.

It is advisable to maintain fasting blood sugar (FBS) (mg%), fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) bad cholesterol (mg/dL), diastolic lower blood pressure (mm Hg), resting heart rate, and abdominal girth (cm) all below 80. Apart one should also keep the kidney and lung functions above 80. 

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    

 
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Angina — causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Do you often feel a nagging pain in your chest? It’s time you stop blaming indigestion and heart burn for the same. You could have an angina attack.
What is angina?
Angina is the medical term used to describe chest pain originating from the circulatory system and the heart. It is not a disease or condition by itself. It is rather a crucial symptom that indicates an underlying heart disease.
Causes and types of angina
‘Angina is chest discomfort caused due decreased oxygen supply to a part of the heart muscle. It is caused due to partial or complete obstruction to arteries supplying the heart,’ says a consultant cardiologist.
Depending on the type of pain and the duration for which it lasts, angina is classified into 4 different types:

• Stable angina: It occurs when the heart muscle has to work harder in order to pump blood. Situations like emotional stress, physical exertion and cold temperature may cause angina by interrupting the blood flow to the heart. This type of angina lasts for a short while and is relieved with medicines and rest.
• Unstable angina: It is also called angina pectoris. It can occur without any exertion, while you’re at rest. Building plaque and obstruction of main coronary arteries usually is the primary reason causing unstable angina. The pain may last for 10-15 minutes.
• Prinzmetal angina/Variant angina: It occurs due to spasms in the coronary arteries. Pain occurs at rest, particularly between midnight and early morning.    
• Microvascualar angina: It is mild pain that usually lasts for longer than 10 minutes and may continue for 30 minutes or more. It occurs due to interrupted blood flow through the smallest coronary arteries.

Signs of angina
Dr.  explains a few feature of angina that differentiates it from regular chest pain due to other reasons not originating from the heart.
‘Angina is usually felt as pressure, heaviness, tightening, squeezing or aching across the chest, particularly behind the breastbone. This pain often radiates to the neck, jaw, arms, back or even the teeth. Patients may also suffer from indigestion, heart burn, weakness, sweating, nausea and shortness of breath.’
‘Any chest pain or discomfort which occurs at rest and continues for more than 10 minutes requires medical attention if it is associated with:

• Profuse sweating
• Giddiness
• Weakness
• Nausea
• Light headedness

‘The threshold to consult a doctor should be low if the subject has risk factors for atherosclerosis (fat acculumation in arteries) like advanced age, smoking,diabetes, hypertension, family history of heart disease and obesity/sedentary life style,’ he explains.
Diagnosis of angina:
According to the Dr., angina can be difficult to differentiate from chest pain arising from other systems of the body. Therefore he suggests that it is best for you to let the doctor decide the cause of chest pain because self diagnosis could be misleading and may result in complications.
‘Chest pain can occur from almost any organ in chest other than heart like lungs, ribs, esophagus (food pipe), aorta (largest artery of body) and pericardium (layers of heart).  Any chest pain which typically precipitates on exertion and gets relieved on rest favours heart origin. A well localised pain, varying with phases of respiration or posture and any chest pain which is reproducible on palpation are unlikely to be coming from heart.
Depending on your explanation of chest pain and physical examination your doctor may recommend you the following tests to confirm angina and its underlying cause.

• Blood tests: Certain blood markers like cholesterol and triglycerides can help identify the chances the artery blockage and plaque formation causing angina
• ECG: Electrocardiogram is used to check the electrical activity of your heart using an ECG device
• Echocardiography: It is a test that helps the doctor to visualise the heart real time to analyse how effectively it works
• Coronary angiography: In this test, a specific dye is injected in the blood stream to check the rate at which blood flows through the arteries. It is an important test to identify CHD.
• Stress test: A simple exercise test can determine the electrical activity and functioning of your heart while you’re exercising.

Treatment and prevention:
‘An untreated angina can result into full blown heart attack with severe damage to heart muscle. It can also result into shock like state resulting into irreversible damage to heart and abnormal heart rhythms,’ says the Dr. Therefore, early medical attention is important to get appropriate treatment at the right time. Here are some medicines that your doctor may prescribe you:
Medicines for unstable angina:

• Blood thinning agents like heparin and nitroglycerin may be prescribed to improve blood blow though narrow arteries
• Aspirin and clopidrogel may be prescribed to prevent blood clotting and reduce the chances of heart attack
• Medicine to control blood pressure may be required if you are hypertensive
• Statins may be prescribed to lower cholesterol

Medicines for stable angina:

• Nitrates are given to prevent angina
• Nitroglycerin, aspirin and clopidrogel may be prescribed to prevent blood clotting and improve blood flow through the arteries
• Beta blockers may be given to lower heart rate and help it work smoothly

Surgical procedures
Angioplasty- It is the most common surgery performed to open up blocked arteries using a small device called stent.A stent is a small device that is placed in the blocked artery to open it up and improve blood flow.
Bypass surgery: In this procedure, a healthy blood vessel (called a graft) is used to form a bypass or another route to supply blood to the heart .
Since, heart disease is the underlying cause of angina, preventative measures include controlling risk factors that could lead to heart disease.

• Eating healthy food, avoid junk is the mainstay for controlling cholesterol levels and maintaining a good lipid profile
• Exercising regularly, at least 30 minutes every day, will help you lose weight, boost your good cholesterol levels and improve your heart function.
• Smoking is the main cause of atherosclerosis that can lead to angina. So if you smoke, you should quit now                
  

  THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.   
  

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Know How to Determine if You're Having a Heart Attack

If you wake up in the middle of the night with chest pain, your mind might automatically think you're having a heart attack.  And the number one symptom is the vague term “chest pain”, which can be misleading because it’s not always painful nor always in the chest.

 

In most cases, people imagine they will have severe chest pain and dismiss the actual symptoms of a heart attack, go back to sleep and suffer one. Below I will discuss the symptoms you will and won’t feel if you are having a heart attack and what you should do, and in which cases you should seek help immediately.
How chest pain from a heart attack feels
The typical pain described is a feeling of tightness, squeezing or heaviness in the chest. The Latin term angina pectoris, meaning sensation in the chest, is a more accurate description. This pain has been described as feeling like a band or weight is being tightened around your chest. The pain is often on the left side and above the bottom rib-cage, although it’s often difficult to determine its exact location.
Other typical symptoms include: •    Shortness of breath
•    Sweating, nausea, and anxiety
•    Pain in the left arm, jaw or neck
 other symptoms one might  feel
 While the typical symptoms are definitely a reason to visit your physician, sometimes people feel less typical pains, which could also indicate that you are having a heart attack.
•    Pain not on the left side – sometimes the pain is located on the right, center or top of the abdomen.
•    No pain – some people don’t experience pain and only feel shortness of breath. Research indicates that no chest pain symptoms can occur in 1/3 of people having a heart attack.
•    Sharper pain - some people report sharper chest pains or the feeling of indigestion.
How long should the chest pain last?
 The next indication of whether you are suffering a heart attack is pain duration. Consider the following 3 factors:
1. Heart-attack-related chest pain comes on over several minutes and not suddenly. Sudden severe pain is a reason for concern, but it is not consistent with angina.
2. The chest pain lasts for at least 5 minutes and doesn’t last continuously for more than 20 to 30 minutes.
3. Pain that comes on during rest, or doesn’t go away after exertion, also indicates a heart attack.

The major risk factors

Doctors like to consider the risk factors when determining whether your chest pain is a heart attack. They will take high-risk patients with atypical symptoms more seriously than low-risk patients with classic symptoms. 
•    Age – the risk increases as you age. For men it’s after the age of 40 and for women it’s after the age of 50. It can happen to a younger person, but it’s more unlikely.
•    Sex – this is not to say women aren’t affected by heart disease, but the risk for heart attacks is higher for men.
•    Genetics – your risk is significantly higher if a member of your immediate family had or has coronary heart disease. The risk is even higher if that family member was a man under 50 or a woman under 60.
•    Hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol – these diseases increase your risk of having a heart attack considerably.
•    Smoking – while most people think smoking destroys your lungs (and it does), more smokers die from heart disease. Smoking substantially increases the risk of you having a heart attack.

Symptom indicating not heart attack
 Some chest pain is not consistent with having a heart attack.
•    Sharp and brief pain – stabbing pain that lasts only a few seconds is not coming from the heart.
•    Persists for hours – heart attack chest pain will last for 20-30 minutes at the most and typically ends with a heart attack.
•    Gets worse with movement – the sort of pain that worsens when pressed on is usually from chest bone or muscle pains and not the heart.
•    You can pinpoint the pain with a single finger – heart chest pain tends to be difficult to locate exactly.
If you have a worrying pain, there is no harm in having it checked out. It’s better to have lesser symptoms checked out than to stay at home and actually have a heart attack. If you are high risk, don’t hesitate to have the pain examined. If you are high risk and have the classic
symptoms, I advise going to the emergency room or calling an ambulance.

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IS IT ANGINA OR A HEART ATTACK?

Chest discomfort/chest pain, also known as angina, is a major symptom of heart disease. Angina occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen due to critical narrowing of coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This makes your heart cry out for more blood. And this cry is symptomised as chest pain. However, all chest pain is not angina.

HOW TO TELL
A different sensation: Classic angina is manifested with progressive tightness mid-chest, commonly described as a band around the chest or weight in the centre of the chest. Less commonly, there is pressure or squeezing. Some may also complain of suffocation, choking or breathlessness. The discomfort is diffused and deep-seated, best described as clenching a fist over the breastbone. Stabbing, pricking or other sharp and well-localised and transient chest pains are rarely due to angina. These could be due to indigestion or a muscle spasm. Anxiety may cause a dull aching, persistent pain around the left nipple, alternating with attacks of sharp, lancinating stabs lasting a few seconds. But it doesn't bear any relation to heart disease

It has triggers: Typically, angina has a regular pattern, and is brought upon by physical activity. This is stable angina. It is precipitated by physical exertion, developing gradually and increasing progressively as the activity is continued. Angina may also be aggravated by emotional stress and excitement. This is because suddenly your heart muscle requires more blood flow than can be supplied through the obstructed artery. Angina may appear more easily in the morning soon after waking up for the same reason. Rest relieves angina within a few minutes. It is rare for stable angina to persist beyond 30 minutes.The trigger is an important way to decode angina. Why? Because occasionally, discomfort or pain may be localised to sites of radiation such as the inner left arm, shoulders, lower jaw, teeth, neck or upper back without chest pain. Also, there may be other angina equivalents such as breathlessness, nausea, belching, heartburn, sweating and dizziness on physical exertion. More common in seniors and diabetics, the relation of physical activity helps to detect angina in them. Apart from activity, heavy meals and exposure to cold weather and cigarette smoke also seem to precipitate angina.Do keep in mind that as the coronary artery blockage advances, chest pains may occur more easily, more frequently and may last longer than before. Pains may persist despite rest or may even occur during rest or sleep. This is called unstable angina.

Nitroglycerine helps: Stable angina generally subsides within 10 minutes of keeping a nitroglycerine tablet under the tongue. Chest pain that is relieved after more than 10 minutes is either not angina or unstable angina. Unstable angina requires hospitalisation and measures to minimise the risk of heart attack. Sometimes, chest pain due to inflammation or spasm of the food pipe may be relieved by nitroglycerine; but this kind of pain has a burning sensation and may be aggravated by meals and lying down and relieved with milk, antacids or even light physical activity.

IS IT ANGINA OR A HEART ATTACK?
Heart attack occurs when there is complete cessation of blood flow across a coronary artery, making the heart scream with pain. Typically, the character of chest pain during a heart attack is quite similar to angina. But here's how to tell the difference between the two and take action immediately. Severe chest pain or discomfort that is becoming worse or lasts longer than 20 minutes. Pain or discomfort accompanied by profound weakness, nausea, profuse sweating, giddiness or fainting.  Pain or discomfort that does not go away even after several (>3) nitroglycerine tablets.

 THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.







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