Here's what can reduce risk of future heart attacks

A new research has shown that patients who have had emergency heart attack treatment with heart artery stenting- and have significant narrowing in their other untreated arteries- can take advantage from additional stenting to help stop future attacks.

The study included 4000 patients, 713 of whom were from UK.

The study shows that further stenting for additional arteries should be the standard treatment for heart attack patients whenever feasible.

A stent is a tiny tube that is inserted into affected, or clogged arteries and expands to keep them open, reducing the chance of further heart attacks by allowing the blood flow more freely.

According to the study, patients who underwent routine additional stenting had a lower risk of further heart attacks or heart -related death- 7.7% versus 10.5% over 5 years.

They also had less than 1/5th the risk of needing further emergency treatment for their heart arteries in the future.

Similar benefits were seen regardless of whether the second procedure was performed as an in-patient or within 6 weeks as an outpatient.

Over 700 UK patients took part in the investigations.

One of the researchers said, we've made huge strides in the treatment of heart attack over the last 20 years with the development of new drugs and new stents continuously improving the effectiveness of heart artery stenting. This study shows that further stenting should be the standard treatment for these patients whenever feasible.

The results of our additional analysis shows that the dominant UK practice of bringing patients back as an outpatient for their 2nd procedure was just as beneficial as performing the 2nd procedure in hospital at the time of the initial hospital admission, since the benefits accrued over many years, he added.

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Antioxidants found in red wine could treat heart disease

The antioxidants found in red wine could be used to treat people with heart disease, a professor has claimed. 

Cardiovascular disease affects around seven million people in a country, causing over a quarter of deaths every year according to the researchers.

Cardiovascular disease refers to coronary heart disease, angina, heart attacks, congenital disease and strokes, all of which can be managed with treatment.

A Prof. , believes she may have found a way to use the antioxidant found in red wine to help people who are suffering from heart disease. 

This isn’t the only recent instance of scientists lauding the benefits of alcohol.

A new study states that drinking small amounts of alcohol can boost the brain's ability to remove waste, thus providing it with an efficient clean.

Contrarily, the Prof. isn’t advising that people drink more red wine in order to treat heart disease, but rather that incorporating the antioxidants found in red wine into a coronary angioplasty procedure could prove beneficial for heart disease sufferers. 

A coronary angioplasty is a procedure in which blocked or narrowed coronary arteries are widened.
Surgeons do this by inserting and inflating a small balloon into the artery, which frequently involves inserting a stent into the blood vessel.

The Prof. noted that commercial stents can often cause the artery to narrow again afterwards, which is why she’s working on a new type of stent that doesn’t prove harmful in the long run.

The advantages of the antioxidant in red wine  have been noted previously. However, the Prof. has discovered a new way to utilise them.  

The Prof. is currently in the process of developing a new stent that releases two antioxidant compounds that are found in red wine into the blood: resveratrol and quercetin.  

Doing so will promote healing, prevent further blood clotting and reduce inflammation.

“By delivering red wine antioxidants during conventional angioplasty, it may be possible to prevent excess tissue from building up and the blood vessel from narrowing again as it heals,” the Prof. explained

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Exposure to diesel pollution may damage your heart

People exposed to particulate matter (PM) emitted mainly from diesel used in vehicles may be at greater risk of developing heart attack, heart failure and death, researchers warned.

The findings showed that exposure to PM 2.5 from diesel can lead to systemic inflammation, vasoconstriction — narrowing of blood vessels, and raised blood pressure, all of which can cause harmful changes to the structure and function of heart.

The combination of these factors can also increase the pressure in the heart, which enlarges to cope with the overload.

Every 5 per cubic metre air or µg/m3 increase in exposure was associated with a 4-8 per cent increase in left ventricular volume (structure) and a 2 per cent decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (function), the researchers said.

“The study found that as PM2.5 exposure rises, the larger the heart gets and the worse it performs. Both of these measures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality from heart disease,” said lead author Nay Aung from Queen Mary University of London.

This may be due to an inflammatory response. The inhalation of PM2.5 causes localised inflammation of the lungs followed by a more systemic inflammation affecting the whole body, Aung added.

For the study, presented at the annual conference EuroCMR 2017 in Prague, the team included 4,255 participants, 62 years old on average.

“Reducing PM 2.5 emission should be an urgent public health priority and the worst offenders such as diesel vehicles should be addressed with policy measures,” Aung noted.

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