Healthy drinks along with dietary iron may reduce its benefits

Green tea is known for being a powerful antioxidant. But researchers have learned that consuming the healthy drink along with dietary iron may reduce its benefits. "If you drink green tea after an iron-rich meal, the main compound in the tea will bind to the iron," said an assistant professor of nutritional sciences.

"When that occurs, the green tea loses its potential as an antioxidant. In order to get the benefits of green tea, it may be best to not consume it with iron-rich foods," adds the expert. Iron-rich foods comprise of red meat and dark leafy greens such as kale and spinach. According to him, the same results also apply to iron supplements.

Researchers found that EGCG -- the main compound in green tea -- potently inhibits myeloperoxidase, a pro-inflammatory enzyme released by white blood cells during inflammation.
Inactivation of myeloperoxidase by EGCG may be beneficial in mitigating IBD flare-ups. But when EGCG and iron are consumed simultaneously, iron-bound EGCG loses its ability to inhibit myeloperoxidase.

Adding to this complexity, they found that EGCG can also be inactivated by a host protein, which is highly abundant in inflammatory conditions, says the study.

IBD is characterised by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract, which results in bloody diarrhea, pain, fatigue, weight loss and other symptoms including iron deficiency/anemia. It is common for IBD patients to be prescribed iron supplements.

In this scenario, the intake of green tea and iron supplements at the same time would be counterproductive as both nutrients would bind and cancel each other out. "It is important that IBD patients who take both iron supplements and green tea know how one nutrient affects the other," the  Dr. said.

"The information from the study could be helpful for both people who enjoy green tea and drink it for its general benefits, as well as people who use it specifically to treat illnesses and conditions," continued the Dr..

"The benefit of green tea depends on the bio-availability of its active components. It is not only matter of what we eat but also when we eat and what else we eat with it," said  a graduate student in immunology and infectious diseases, and first author of the study.

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Myths about atypical heart attack symptoms for women squashed

Quashing the myth that women tend to have 'atypical' symptoms during a heart attack, a new study has found that the women who suffer heart attacks show identical key symptoms as men.
The study published  emphasised the need for both sexes to recognise and act on the warning signs.

"Our concern is that by incorrectly labelling women as having atypical symptoms, we may be encouraging doctors and nurses not to investigate or start treatment for coronary heart disease in women," said a cardiology research nurse  and first author of the study.

"Both men and women present with an array of symptoms, but our study shows that so-called typical symptoms in women should always be seen as a red flag for a potential heart attack," she added.

Researchers recorded the symptoms of people attending the Emergency Department (ED) at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary who had a blood test called a troponin test.

This test is used when doctors suspect a person is having a heart attack and measures a protein released by damaged heart cells during a heart attack.

Between 1st June 2013 and 3rd March 2017, doctors in the ED ordered the troponin test for 1,941 people. Of these people, 274 were diagnosed as having a type of heart attack known as an NSTEMI (90 women and 184 men). This is the most common type of heart attack and occurs when the coronary artery is partially blocked.

Chest pain was the most common symptom for both men and women, with 93 per cent of both sexes reporting this symptom. A similar percentage of men and women reported pain that radiated to their left arm (48 per cent of men and 49 per cent of women).

More women had pain that radiated to their jaw or back and women were also more likely to experience nausea in addition to chest pain (33 per cent vs 19 per cent).

Less typical symptoms such as epigastric pain (heartburn), back pain, or pain that was burning, stabbing or similar to that of indigestion were more common in men than women (41 per cent in men vs 23 per cent in women).

Previous research has suggested that women and men report different heart attack symptoms. However, the symptoms were often recorded after a heart attack diagnosis was confirmed, which may introduce bias.

This study aimed to avoid this by asking an independent research nurse to interview and record the symptoms of all patients arriving at the ED with a possible heart attack before they were given a diagnosis.

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20 minutes of walking may reduce inflammation in body

Just 20 minutes of exercise may help fight inflammation in the body, according to a new study that may have implications for diseases such as arthritis and obesity. 

It is well known that regular physical activity has health benefits, including weight control, strengthening the heart, bones and muscles and reducing the risk of certain diseases. 

Now, researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine in the US have found just one session of moderate exercise can also act as an anti-inflammatory.

The findings have encouraging implications for chronic diseases like arthritis, fibromyalgia and for more pervasive conditions, such as obesity, researchers said. 

The study found one 20-minute session of moderate exercise can stimulate the immune system, producing an anti-inflammatory cellular response. 

"Each time we exercise, we are truly doing something good for our body on many levels, including at the immune cell level," said Suzi Hong from UC San Diego School of Medicine. 

The brain and sympathetic nervous system - a pathway that serves to accelerate heart rate and raise blood pressure, among other things - are activated during exercise to enable the body to carry out work.
Hormones, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are released into the blood stream and trigger adrenergic receptors, which immune cells possess. 

This activation process during exercise produces immunological responses, which include the production of many cytokines, or proteins, one of which is TNF - a key regulator of local and systemic inflammation that also helps boost immune responses. 

"Our study found one session of about 20 minutes of moderate treadmill exercise resulted in a five per cent decrease in the number of stimulated immune cells producing TNF," said Hong. 

"Knowing what sets regulatory mechanisms of inflammatory proteins in motion may contribute to developing new therapies for the overwhelming number of individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions, including nearly 25 million Americans who suffer from autoimmune diseases," Hong said. 

The 47 study participants walked on a treadmill at an intensity level that was adjusted based on their fitness level. Blood was collected before and immediately after the 20 minute exercise challenge. 

"Our study shows a workout session does not actually have to be intense to have anti-inflammatory effects. Twenty minutes to half-an-hour of moderate exercise, including fast walking, appears to be sufficient," said Hong.

"Feeling like a workout needs to be at a peak exertion level for a long duration can intimidate those who suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases and could greatly benefit from physical activity," Hong added. 

The study was published in the journal Brain, Behaviour and Immunity.

 

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TIPS TO REDUCE ANXIETY

Living with anxiety can be really stressful. To beat anxiety, one need not go to expensive spa or rush to a doctor. Here are some simple ways to over come anxiety.

1) Meditation- doing meditation for about 15 minutes, help to relieve one of their anxiety. Meditation daily changes the neural pathways pf the brain, making it more flexible to stress.It is simple to do meditation- sit in a relaxed posture, with closed eyes, one can say their favourite prayer or keep reciting the name of their favourite deity.

2) Deep breathing- Sit straight with closed eyes, at first learn to breathe slowly and exhale, being aware of your breaths. Keep your hands on your abdomen, when you take deep breath, your abdomen should expand, hold for a few seconds and exhale through your mouth. Relax and repeat this process a few times, you'll find yourself relaxed, this lowers your blood pressure. This breathing technique can be done when also feels breathless, fear.

3) Have a hearty laugh- laughing loud is one of the best ways to reduce stress and anxiety. When we laugh aloud, endorphins are released, which elevates our mood by reducing the cortisol levels or our stress hormones.

4) Have a confidante- It is always best to talk to someone when we're stressed, as it not only distracts us, we also speak our heart out, it makes us more relaxed. Once our heart feels lighter, by speaking out, we feel more relaxed.

5) Know your stress triggers- when one feels anxious, try to find the cause, then reason out in your mind. Give yourself affirmation that all will be fine, this affirmation itself will make us more relaxed. Learn the physical symptoms during attack, when you get used to the symptoms, the mind does not send signal to the brain. 

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Inexpensive Diabetes Drug May Fight Heart Disease

A low-cost drug commonly prescribed for Type 2 diabetes may slow the development of heart disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes, a new study has claimed.

Metformin is an inexpensive treatment that is often used for Type 2 diabetes to lower blood sugar levels by reducing glucose production in the liver.

The drug is not regularly given to patients with Type 1 diabetes.

However, for the first time, a clinical trial by researchers from Newcastle University in the UK has shown that metformin can promote a patient's ability to repair their own damaged blood vessels by increasing vascular stem cells.

Heart disease is the leading cause of illness in diabetic patients, accounting for more than half of all fatalities.

Metformin may be used to lower Type 1 diabetic patients' risk of developing this complication, researchers said.

"Metformin could routinely be used by patients with Type 1 diabetes to help lower their chances of developing heart disease, by increasing a repair mechanism created by vascular stem cells released from the bone marrow," said Jolanta Weaver from Newcastle University.

"Our research is an exciting step forward as it may have positive clinical implications for patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease by improving their treatment options," said Weaver.

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"Our findings also show that the cells associated with damaged blood vessels were reduced, confirming that the repair of blood vessels was taking place in our patients," she added.

Researchers studied a treatment group of 23 people aged 19-64 who had Type 1 diabetes for up to 23 years and had no evidence of heart disease.

Patients were given metformin at a dose they could tolerate, between one to three tablets a day, for eight weeks. Participants were advised to adjust their insulin to keep blood glucose levels safe.

Scientists measured patients' stem cells directly in the blood and also grew stem cells in a test tube, observing how they behaved. Another cell type was also counted to assess damaged blood vessels.

The participants were matched with nine patients within the same age bracket who took standard insulin treatment and 23 healthy non-diabetic people aged 20-64.

Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong autoimmune condition that develops when the pancreas does not produce any insulin, causing a person's blood sugar level to become too high.

"We have shown that all our patients in the study had their insulin doses reduced after taking metformin and have not suffered any serious adverse effect," said Weaver.

The findings were published in the journal Cardiovascular Diabetology.

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