Genes linked to heart failure identified

Researchers have found the way for earlier identification of people at risk of heart failure and development of new treatments.

The research team applied an artificial intelligence (AI) technique to analyse the heart MRI images of 17,000 healthy UK Biobank volunteers and found that genetic factors accounted for 22-39 per cent of variation in the size and function of the heart’s left ventricle, the organ’s main pumping chamber.
Enlargement and reduced pumping function of the left ventricle can lead to heart failure, the study said.

“It is exciting that the state-of-the-art AI techniques now allow rapid and accurate measurement of the tens of thousands of heart MRI images required for genetic studies,” said study lead researcher.

“The findings open up the possibility of earlier identification of those at risk of heart failure and of new targeted treatments,”lead researcher said.

The research, suggests that genetic factors significantly influence the variation in heart structure and function. 

The team identified 14 regions in the human genome associated with the size and function of the left ventricle – each containing genes that regulate the early development of heart chambers and the contraction of heart muscle.

Previous studies have shown that differences in the size and function of the heart are partly influenced by genes but the researchers have not really understood the extent of that genetic influence. 

This study has shown that several genes known to be important in heart failure also appear to regulate the heart size and function in healthy people. 

“That understanding of the genetic basis of heart structure and function in the general population improves our knowledge of how heart failure evolves,” said a study researcher.


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New AI detects heart failure with 100% accuracy

With the help pf Artificial Intelligence (AI), researchers have developed a neural network developed that can accurately identify congestive heart failure with 100% accuracy through analysis of just one raw electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of the heart muscles. Associated with high prevalence, significant mortality rates and sustained healthcare costs, clinical practitioners and health systems urgently require efficient detection processes.

The researchers have worked to tackle these important concerns by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)- hierarchial neural networks highly effective in recognising patterns and structures in data.

We trained and tested the CNN model on large publicly available ECG datasets featuring subjects with CHF as well as healthy, non-arrhythmic hearts. Our model delivered 100% accuracy by checking just one heartbeat we are able to detect whether or not a person has heart failure, said the researcher.

The Prof. said, our model is also one of the 1st known to be able to identify the ECG's morphological features specifically associated to the severity of the condition.

The research drastically improves existing CHF detection methods typically focused on heart rate variability that, whilst effective, are time-consuming and prone to errors. Conversely, their new model uses a combination of advanced signal processing and machine learning tools on raw ECG signals, delivering 100% accuracy.

With approximately 26 million people worldwide affected by a form of heart failure, our research presents a major advancement on the current methodology, said the researcher.


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With the help of Artificial Intelligence(AI), researchers ha ..

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This smart 'Phyjama' that monitors heartbeat, breathing to help you sleep better

Researchers have developed pyjamas embedded with self-powered sensors that provide unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of heartbeat, breathing and sleep posture- all factors that play a role in how well a person sleeps.

The garment called " Phyjama" could give ordinary people as well as clinicians useful information to help improve sleep patterns.

" Our smart pyjamas overcame numerous technical challenges. We had to inconspicuously integrate sensing elements and portable power sources into everyday garments while maintaining the weight, feel, comfort, function and ruggedness of familiar clothes and fabrics, " said the lead author.

The key to the smart pyjamas is a process called reactive vapour deposition, according to the findings presented at  a meeting recently.

" This methos allows us to synthesize a polymer and simultaneously deposit it directly on the fabric in the vapour phase to form various electronic components and ultimately integrated sensors," said the lead author.

"Unlike most electronic wearables, the vapour-deposited electronic polymer films are wash-and-wear stable and they withstand mechanically demanding textile manufacturing routine, " he added.

The " Phyjama" has five discrete textile patches with sensors in them. The patches are interconnected using silver-plated nylon threads shielded in cotton.

The wires from each patch end up at a button-sized printed circuit board placed at the same location as a pyjama button. Data are wirelessly sent to a receiver using a small Bluetooth transmitter that is part of the circuitry in the button.

The garment includes two types of self-powered sensors that detect " ballistic movements" or pressure changes. Four of the patches are piezoelectric. They detect constant pressures like that of a bed against a person's body.

The triboelectric patch detects quick changes in pressure, such as the physical pumping of the heart which provides information on heart rate, the researcher said.

For the study, the team tested the garment on volunteers and validated the readings from the sensors independently.

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Researchers have developed pyjamas embedded with self-powered sensors that provide unobtrusive and continuous monitoring of heartbeat, breathing and sleep posture - all factors that play a role in how well a person slumbers.

The garment called "Phyjama" could give ordinary people as well as clinicians useful information to help improve sleep patterns.

"Our smart pyjamas overcame numerous technical challenges. We had to inconspicuously integrate sensing elements and portable pow ..

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Most anti-cancer drugs can affect the cardiac pumping function

Cancer therapy has been at receiving end for quite some time now. A few years ago, a British doctor shot to fame when he refused to accept modern medicare for his cancer treatment. He opted to die of cancer than suffer from the adverse effects of its therapy. Recently, a lady who claimed to have found a cure for cancer in fruits and vegetables died of cancer, too. A film actor and director managed to stall a government proposal to start a cancer center in central Kerala, out of his conviction that modern medicine has no cure for cancer and cancer drugs if dumped is capable of killing the entire fish population of the Arabian Sea. Not just that, someone even put a fake post in the name of a celebrated oncologist on Facebook promoting alternative therapy for cancer, which was then shared widely. 

Why is cancer treatment alone is singled out by the public and lamented at? Why do those who have no basic training in medicine call the shots in cancer care? Why are oncologists and others involved in cancer care taken for granted as agents of multinational drug firms trying to sell expensive concoctions to unsuspecting cancer victims?

Statistics tell us that cancer survival rate has improved by over sixty per cent during the last 40 years, owing to advances in chemotherapy, oncosurgery, radiation, oncology, imaging sciences and other supportive specialties including oncocardiology. Cancers like nasopharyngeal cancer, pancreatic cancer and cancers among young adults have less impressive cure rates. Breast and prostate cancer are curable. These patients when diagnosed and treated appropriately, do not die of cancer, but of other illnesses. Evidence-based medicine has proved beyond doubt that alternative therapies and nature cure is not effective for treatment of cancer.

Why do people expect a cure for cancer like a common cold, malaria, or an infective diarhoea? Anti-cancer drugs have significant side effects and sensitive dose ranges. Most anticancer drugs can potentially affect the heart, especially cardiac pumping function leading to heart failure. Some can cause elevation of blood pressure, cardiac rhythm abnormalities, heart attacks, venous thromboembolism and even new cancers. Reports show that immunotherapy too can cause fulminant heart failure. 

A pertinent question arises here. If these medications cause such damage, why they should ever be used? Reason: They cure cancer. We see more and more people with adverse effects because patients survive cancer and live longer. If they were dead, you won’t get to see adverse events too. More patients are alive with cancer, so you see more relics of cancer.As life expectancy improves, and population survives infectious diseases out of better living standards, antibiotics, vaccination and social engineering, lifestyle disorders and cardiovascular disease by improvement in physical activities, diet modifications, medications, other interventions and conquer death out of it, then it is a biological plausibility that most of us will catch cancer or degenerative disorders in due course of time. Unlike many doomsayers scream, life expectancy is improving all over the globe, including in some of the most underprivileged societies.

This is a reality. When population ages, natural conditions like cardiac illnesses, cancer, kidney failure and degenerative diseases will be on the rise.We will have to live with all of these maladies. Scientific approach to issues are critical and government policies will be crucial. Radical changes in health care delivery systems will become the need of the hour, hospices will become more relevant that can accommodate and care for people who need attention, short of hospitalisation. We will have to promote research; improve social infrastructure, public conveyances, and social security. That is the way population will live longer, healthier and better. 

Can you imagine even someone like Steve Jobs was a fan of alternate therapies for cancer and died out of an eminently treatable form of cancer of the pancreas denying us more advanced iPhones, iMacs, and iscreens?

The author is an Interventional Cardiologist, with a special interest in cardiac involvement in cancer therapies. He was a fellow in cancer biology and therapeutics.

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Brisk walking may reduce heart failure risk in older women

Older women who find it difficult to hit the gym or follow a workout routine may now ward off their risk of developing heart failure by taking brisk walks, finds a study.

Heart failure—a condition in which the heart becomes too weak to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs—rises with age The study found that women above 60 years of age were three times more prone to heart failure risk.

The paper presented, noted that post-menopausal women who walk for 40 minutes or more at a time had a 21 to 25 per cent lower risk of heart failure than those taking shorter walks.

Women walking at an average or fast pace showed a 26 and 38 per cent lower risk of heart failure, respectively, compared with women who walked at a casual pace.

"We already know that physical activity lowers the risk of heart failure, but there may be a misconception that simply walking isn't enough," said a cardiologist.

"Our analysis shows walking is not only an accessible form of exercise but almost equal to all different types of exercise that have been studied before in terms of lowering heart failure risk" the cardio added.

The study examined he benefits of walking by passing the effects of walking frequency, duration and speed in 89,000 women over a more than 10-year period, between 50 to 79 years of age.

Researchers also assessed the women's overall energy expenditure from walking by combining all three of these variables into a calculation known as Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET).

Those in the highest tertile for MET per week were 25 per cent less likely to develop heart failure compared with those in the lowest tertile. 

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Difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest

“India is genetically more prone to cardiovascular diseases due to metabolic syndrome and now the burden is only rising because of increasing burden of diabetes, smoking and sedentary lifestyle,” said a cardiologist.

According to the 2016 Report, cardiovascular disease is still the leading cause of death in India, killing 1.7 million people in 2016.

Cardiovascular diseases involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to heart attack, also called as myocardial infarction, which can even cause sudden cardiac arrest. These diseases are now commonly being seen in younger age group. Around 25% of all heart attacks in Indians occur under 40 years of age, according to the cardiologists.

A cardiologist  said, “Most of the heart attacks go unrecognised and many times people are not aware of the difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest.”

When a patient suffers heart attack the oxygenated blood is unable to reach the heart which pumps it to the rest of the body whereas while suffering cardiac arrest, the heart of the patient stops functioning due to problem in the electrical system of the heart, disrupting the pumping action. The major connection between heart attack and cardiac arrest is that heart attack is one of the many factors that can lead to cardiac arrest.

According to a Dr., the main cause of cardiovascular diseases is faulty lifestyle. Adapting proper lifestyle like avoiding use of refined carbohydrates, smoking and following healthy diet with regular exercise are the prevention measures that people should adopt.

Stress and urban lifestyle are playing a huge role in the rising cardiovascular disease scenario. A Cardiologist said, “Today most of the people have sitting jobs; if you sit for 6-8 hours straight you hit your heart as badly as smoking does.”

Public awareness about CPR can save lives

Time is very crucial for patients suffering from a heart attack or cardiac arrest, only difference is of having a golden hour and having golden seconds to save a life.

When a person suffers cardiac arrest, one should immediately call for an ambulance, and simultaneously perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

“Making people aware about the importance of CPR through public education is the only tool that can help bring down the cardiac death in the country at large,” said a Dr.

Performing CPR involves hard pressing on the chest with hands, with the speed of 120 compressions per minute. This should be performed by the time medical help arrives. Any form of CPR is better than NO CPR.

Timely intervention is very important in saving life of the patient which can happen only through public education. Hence, CPR training should be encouraged and provided at all levels, concluded a Dr. 

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