Turmeric Or Haldi May Have Strong Antiviral Properties

Turmeric has become a global sensation for its healing properties and health benefits. If findings of a latest study are to be believed, turmeric active compound curcumin may also play a role in killing certain viruses. The study was published in the Journal of General Virology. The study showed that curcumin could help prevent Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) - an alpha-group coronavirus that infects pigs - from infecting cells. At higher doses, the compound was also found to kill virus particles.

Infection with TGEV causes a disease called transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets, some symptoms are diarrhoea, severe dehydration, in worse cases it could also lead to death.

To examine the potential [/topic/antiviral-properties]antiviral properties of curcumin, the research team treated experimental cells with various concentrations of the compound, before attempting to infect them with TGEV.

It was found that higher concentrations of curcumin reduced the number of virus particles in the cell culture.

 "Curcumin has a significant inhibitory effect on TGEV adsorption step and a certain direct inactivation effect, suggesting that curcumin has great potential in the prevention of TGEV infection," said Dr Lilan Xie, lead author of the study and researcher at the Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering.

Interestingly, curcumin has also been shown to inhibit the replication of some types of virus, including dengue virus, hepatitis B and Zika virus.
 
Turmeric is also loaded with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Curcumin was chosen for this research due to having low side effects according to Dr Xie. They said: "There are great difficulties in the prevention and control of viral diseases, especially when there are no effective vaccines. Traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients, are ideal screening libraries for antiviral drugs because of their advantages, such as convenient acquisition and low side effects."

The researchers also said that more analysis is required to study the inhibiting properties of curcumin "Further studies will be required, to evaluate the inhibitory effect in vivo and explore the potential mechanisms of curcumin against TGEV, which will lay a foundation for the comprehensive understanding of the antiviral mechanisms and application of curcumin," said Dr Xie.

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Oral vaccine of Hepatitis B will protect kids from dangerous viruses

A team of researchers found that oral administration of  hepatitis B vaccine protects children against dangerous viruses and have also delivered a 'recipe' called virologists to improve the vaccine drops.

Millions of people are infected with hepatitis B every year and particularly small children are at risk. Due to the high cost and the stable environmental conditions required for vaccine storage, many people in developing countries are not vaccinated against this dangerous virus.

"Getting rid of needles being poked into the arms of little children is an advantage in itself. It also eliminates any need to sterilize needles and possible side effects such as swelling and infection. And, unlike the vaccine in use today, this type of vaccine needn't be refrigerated. As such, costs will be reduced and the vaccine's administration will be eased," explained one of the main authors.

As such, researchers have been working to produce a drop or powdered form of the oral vaccine. Oral vaccinations are cheaper and more easily administered than injections. However, developing a sufficiently effective oral hepatitis B vaccine has so far eluded researchers.

"We have used a technology commonly used in solid-state physics to explore how the vaccine behaves within a particular type of encapsulation. This has yielded crucial information that would not otherwise have been achievable. When we scientists venture beyond our comfort zone and deploy each other's knowledge across disciplines, entirely new possibilities can emerge," said one of the main authors.

A major challenge of making an oral vaccine is to encapsulate it in a material that can endure the harsh conditions of our digestive system, to protect the vaccine from being destroyed before it reaches its intended destination in the body.

The research team's collaborative partners in Brazil have long known that the silica-material SBA-15 is well-suited to encapsulate a hepatitis B vaccine. However, they did not know exactly how the material protected the vaccine. Nor were they certain about why their vaccine was not always completely effective.

This is where the team of physicists came into the picture. Using a special technique that combines X-ray and neutron imaging, researchers were able to produce 3D images of the inside of the SBA-15 silica.

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It marked a crucial step in the use of this technique to develop pharmaceuticals. The imagery allows researchers to see how the vaccine behaves inside the silica, right down to the particle scale. Among other things, they were able to see that the vaccine had a tendency to clump within the silica, making it less effective.

"Now we know what makes the vaccine less effective, and how to optimise it. We know exactly how much vaccine should be put in the silica capsule for it to work best in the body and the clinical trials can be better interpreted," explained the author.

Hepatitis B Can Lead to Cancer - Here’s One Sure Shot Way to Protect Yourself

Hepatitis is a disease that, though most would have heard of, not many actually know what it is, how it spreads and the harm it causes. Hepatitis B is, in fact, caused by a virus infection that attacks the liver, destroying tissue and, in severe cases, leading to cancer as the disease progresses.
A cause for concern
There is no cure for Hepatitis B and there is a lack of awareness in India even though the likelihood of contracting the disease is 100 times more than getting HIV. The death toll in one day amounts to as much as the fatalities that occur due to AIDS in an entire year. Liver disease due to Hepatitis B often affects sufferers and causes high mortality rates at the prime of their lives and, after tobacco, it is the highest-rated cause of cancer.


Acute and chronic Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious illness when it becomes chronic. Adults who contract the disease are often able to fight it within a few months, gaining lifelong immunity to it - this is known as Acute Hepatitis B. However, infants and children who contract Hepatitis B usually have to deal with it all their lives as the disease becomes chronic, leading to a host of complications.

High risk for young children

Infants and children with Hepatitis B run the risk of developing liver cancer and cirrhosis later in their lives. In fact, the younger the child is when they contract the disease, the higher their risk of developing chronic Hepatitis B, which could go unnoticed for years before symptoms of liver complications start to make an appearance. Therefore, it is particularly important that newborns and children under the age of 5 are adequately protected - it can be a matter of life and premature death. For vulnerable children, prevention is the only way to keep from being infected. This can be easily done by getting the Hepatitis B vaccine.

Who can the Hepatitis B vaccine help?

The vaccine doses can prevent from contracting the disease. This vaccine is taken in three doses within a six-month schedule.

Newborns who have mothers infected by Hepatitis B need to be vaccinated with the first dose right after delivery. The second shot for infants is given when they are one month old, and the third after 4 months. Older children and adults can also take the Hepatitis B vaccine (usually a 2-shot schedule) according to a dose plan prescribed by a physician.

In case you or your child has missed a scheduled dose, the course does not have to be restarted and the pending shot can be taken as soon as possible.
Here is who the vaccine is recommended for:

● Newborns
● Children and adolescents who have never received the vaccine.
● Those who live with a person infected by Hepatitis B.
● Those who work in healthcare and emergency fields with jobs involving contact with blood.
● Those who have a sexually transmitted disease.
● Those who have a sexual partner with Hepatitis B.
● Those who have more than one sexual partner.
● Drug users who inject illegal substances or run the risk of sharing needles.
● Those with chronic liver disease or end-stage kidney disease.
● Those travelling to a place with a high-risk rate of Hepatitis B infection.

For people who currently suffer from Hepatitis B or have recovered from the disease, the vaccine will not improve your condition. It is advisable, however, to get those you live with vaccinated for protection.

How do adults and children contract the disease?

The disease is transmitted through contact with open wounds, the blood of a person who is infected by the virus, as well as bodily fluids. Those who carry the virus may not even look ill or know they are carriers as symptoms can take up to six months to manifest or not show at all. This can contribute to the spread of the disease. High risks include:

● The use of unsterilized needles for injections, piercings or tattoos.
● Using unsterilised instruments that carry the virus during an operation.
● Wound suturing using unsterilised instruments.
● Blood transfusions using blood containing Hepatitis B.
● Having unprotected sex with someone who carries the virus.
● Transmission from an expectant mother to child during childbirth.

How do you know if you are infected or have been infected in the past?

Though there are symptoms that show within one to six months of having the infection, some people do not exhibit any symptoms and look completely well. If you think you are at risk, getting yourself tested for the disease is the only way of concretely knowing whether you carry the virus or have recovered from it in the past.

Common symptoms of Hepatitis B include:
● Jaundice
● Faeces that is light in colour
● Urine that is dark in colour
● Fever
● Chronic fatigue
● Loss of appetite
● Nausea and/or vomiting
● Pain in the abdomen

Hepatitis B is a deadly disease. Don’t let it be a death sentence to you or your family. Get vaccinated and eliminate your chances of ever contracting the virus.

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What happens when your children don’t get vaccinated?

Health officials have expressed concerns over the resurgence of diseases such as measles and chicken pox because of an increasing number of parents who opt out of vaccinating their child. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), immunisation is a proven tool that helps control and eliminate life-threatening infectious diseases. Immunisation is estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year.

Vaccination is a simple yet effective way of protecting children from serious diseases. It also helps protect the broader community by minimising the spread of disease. Vaccines, which works by triggering the immune system to fight against certain diseases, protect children who are immunised and people close to them by preventing the spread of the disease. Some of the diseases that can be prevented by vaccines include cervical cancer, diphtheria, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), pneumonia, polio, rotavirus diarrhoea, rubella and tetanus.

Parents who choose to delay some vaccines, or reject some vaccines entirely, may be putting their children’s health at risk. Parents can help make their children healthier than was ever possible in earlier generations by following the immunisation guidelines recommended by their child’s Pediatrician.

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6-in-1 vaccine launched for protection against childhood diseases

Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines arm of Sanofi, announced the launch of an innovative ready-to-use fully liquid 6-in-1 vaccine, Hexaxim, in India. The vaccine, indicated for primary and booster vaccination of infants and toddlers from six weeks to 24 months of age, provides protection against six major childhood diseases - diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Haemophilus influenza B and hepatitis B.

 The burden of these six diseases is significant, particularly in infants. Consequently, WHO and wide majority of countries around the world recommend vaccination against these diseases. India, under the Universal Immunization Program, also offers protection against these diseases.

Globally, Hexaxim is the only combination vaccine with acellular pertussis (acP) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) to have received a prequalification by the WHO, a company statement says.

 Jean-Pierre Baylet, country head Sanofi Pasteur India, Nepal and Sri Lanka, said, "Given the large influx of patients met by pediatricians in India, Hexaxim will offer convenience and ensure consistency in administering the right dose of each antigen every single time".

Hexaxim, during its clinical study assessment, was found to be safe and well tolerated as a primary series and booster vaccination in all schedules, countries, and ethnicities tested, it added.

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Why adults need to get vaccination ?

1. You may no longer be protected. You may have received a vaccine as a child. But some vaccines require a booster if you want to remain protected. Protection may not be life-long for diseases like pertussis (whooping cough) or tetanus, which is usually given with the diphtheria toxoid. The CDC recommends a booster for the latter every 10 years after an initial childhood series.

 2. Getting vaccines helps protect your kids -- especially babies too young for vaccines. Whooping cough vaccines are recommended for people who have contact with young babies. The same is true for the flu vaccine. There’s no flu vaccine licensed for infants younger than 6 months old.

3. Some vaccines are just for adults. The shingles vaccine is a good example. Shingles (also known as herpes zoster or zoster) is caused by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It can cause a severe and painful skin rash. The risk for shingles increases as a person ages. The vaccine is recommended for adults 60 and older.

4.  Some vaccines you may need when you travel as you may run into those diseases for which you're not protected. So, it is good to vaccinate yourself, when you travel to those destinations, where there may be yellow fever, measles etc. The yellow fever vaccination is required for travel to parts of sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. The Saudi Arabian government also requires the meningococcal vaccination -- but only for travel during the hajj, or annual pilgrimage to Mecca. You can check the CDC's web site for details about what you may need for your destination.

5. Everyone needs a flu vaccine, every year. The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older get a flu vaccine annually if they do not have a medical reason not to receive the vaccine. Each year’s vaccination is designed to protect against the three strains of influenza anticipated to be most commonly circulated in the upcoming flu season.

6.  If you didn’t get vaccines for things like measles, mumps, and rubella or chickenpox (or varicella) as a child -- or any of those diseases themselves -- you need them as an adult. And don’t forget. Some older adults were born at a time when children weren’t vaccinated  as comprehensively as we vaccinate people today.

7. Newer vaccines have been developed. For instance, HPV vaccine and shingles vaccine. Although the rate of adults being vaccinated with newer vaccines is increasing, awareness remains a challenge.

8. You work in the health care profession. Health care providers are exposed to all sorts of potential infections, as well as blood and bodily fluids. Most are required to have not only a complete vaccination series and evidence of immunity, but also to get annual influenza vaccination. This includes things like measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and hepatitis B.

9. You’re sexually active with a number of partners. The hepatitis B vaccine is highly recommended. Hepatitis B can be transmitted from person to person through contact with blood, semen, and vaginal fluid. It is 50-100 times more easily to be infected by hepatitis B than by HIV. Your partner may not appear ill, but could be carrying the disease.

10. You have asthma, heart, lung disease, diabetes, or other chronic disease.  Or your immune system is  compromised. The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent serious disease such as pneumonia, meningitis, and blood infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. Get it because you may be at increased risk for these infections.

http://www.webmd.com/vaccines/what-you-should-know-11/12-reasons?