Sugar supplement may be helpful for tumour, cancer treatment

According to a new study, a nutritional supplement called Mannose sugar can help slow down tumour  growth and enhance the effects of chemotherpay with multiple types of cancer.

The results of the study is a step towards understanding how mannose could be used to treat cancer.

Tumours use more glucose than normal, healthy tissues. However, it is very hard to control the amount of glucose in your body through diet alone. In this study, the researchers found that mannose can interfere with glucose to reduce how much sugar cancer cells can use.

"Tumours need a lot of glucose to grow, so limiting the amount they can use should slow cancer progression. The problem is that normal tissues need glucose as well, so we can't completely remove it from the body. In our study, we found a dosage of mannose that could block enough glucose to slow tumour growth in mice, but not so much that normal tissues were affected," said lead study author.

"This is early research, but it is hoped that finding this perfect balance means that, in the future, mannose could be given to cancer patients to enhance chemotherapy without damaging their overall health," he further added.

The researchers first examined how mice with pancreatic, lung or skin cancer responded when mannose was added to their drinking water and given as an oral treatment. They found that adding the supplement significantly slowed the growth of tumours and did not cause any obvious side effects.

To test how mannose could also affect cancer treatment, mice were treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin - two of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs. They found that mannose enhanced the effects of chemotherapy, slowing tumour growth, reducing the size of tumours and even increasing the lifespan of some mice.

Several other cancer types, including leukemia, osteosarcoma, ovarian and bowel cancer, were also investigated. Researchers grew cancer cells in the lab and then treated them with mannose to see whether their growth was affected.

Some cells responded well to the treatment, while others did not. It was also found that the presence of an enzyme that breaks down mannose in cells was a good indicator of how effective treatment was.

"Our next step is investigating why treatment only works in some cells so that we can work out which patients might benefit the most from this approach. We hope to start clinical trials with mannose in people as soon as possible to determine its true potential as a new cancer therapy," said a researcher.

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This natural sugar supplement could help fight cancer

Mannose-- a nutritional supplement -- found naturally in fruits such as cranberries can aid in slowing the growth of tumours and improve cancer treatment, a study has shown.

The findings showed that mannose enhanced the effects of chemotherapy in mice with multiple types of cancer including leukaemia, osteosarcoma, ovarian and bowel cancer. It slowed tumor growth, reduced the size of tumours and even helped increase the lifespan of some mice.

Tumours use more glucose than normal, healthy tissues. However, it is very hard to control the amount of glucose in your body through diet alone. Researchers found that mannose can interfere with glucose to reduce how much sugar cancer cells can use.

"Tumours need a lot of glucose to grow, so limiting the amount they can use should slow cancer progression. The problem is that normal tissues need glucose as well, so we can't completely remove it from the body. 

"In our study, we found a dosage of mannose that could block enough glucose to slow tumour growth in mice, but not so much that normal tissues were affected," said the lead author of the study.
 
"This is early research, but it is hoped that finding this perfect balance means that, in the future, mannose could be given to cancer patients to enhance chemotherapy without damaging their overall health," he added.

For the study, the team first examined how mice with pancreatic, lung or skin cancer responded when mannose was added to their drinking water and given as an oral treatment. They found that adding the supplement significantly slowed the growth of tumours and did not cause any obvious side effects.

To test how mannose could also affect cancer treatment, mice were treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin -- two of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs. 

Some cells responded well to the treatment while others did not. It was also found that the presence of an enzyme that breaks down mannose in cells was a good indicator of how effective treatment was.



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Novel gold nanocomplex for cancer drug delivery

Anti-tumour drugs could target the diseased cell

Using gold nanoparticles coated with a simple organic molecule (porphyrin), researchers have designed an efficient drug nanocarrier. The nanocarrier was found to effectively deliver doxorubicin (anti-tumour drug) to the nucleus of the diseased cell and bring about programmed cell death.
Porphyrin was armoured on the gold nanosurface via continuous stirring method. “Porphyrin is a simple organic compound and it gives the necessary protection and stability to the nanosurface. Porphyrins are essential co-factors in many human proteins such as hemoglobin and so it can escape from the macrophages in our body,” explains the Senior Scientist  and one of the corresponding authors of the paper published recently.

The porphyrin molecule was found to be uniformly distributed on gold nanoparticles and the porphyrin–gold complex was stable.

The anti-tumour drug doxorubicin was then successfully loaded on the porphyrin–gold nanosurface. “Doxorubicin is selectively released when it reaches the low-pH environment seen in cancerous cells,” explains a research scholar at the institute and one of the first authors of the paper.

Activity of the complex

Its activity was then tested on brain and lung cancer cells and normal healthy cells. The porphyrin–gold complex without the drug showed no toxicity to healthy and cancerous cells. The nanoparticles coated with the drug showed very low toxicity to normal cells and caused programmed cell death both in brain and lung cancer cells.

Multidrug resistance is one of the major barriers in cancer cells, where the drug is quickly ejected out, reducing the effective drug concentrations within the cells and thus decreases its sensitivity. 

“We found that the drug-coated nanoparticles were retained well inside the cells thus showing higher activity,” says another research scholar at the institute and one of the first authors of this paper.

“There are several pathways by which the drug can damage the DNA. Currently we are studying the pathways, and trying to design a system that can release the drug more efficiently. We are also studying how the system works in real scenario of tumour model,” says one of the corresponding authors of the paper.

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These Commonly Used Cancer Drugs May Increase Chemo Toxicity

Cancer kills close to 9 million people every year. Early detection and prevention are of the utmost importance in the fight against this debilitating disease. Cancer treatment has a range of medication plans and therapies including radiation therapy, surgery, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy among others.

Chemotherapy is known to have its own side-effects. The potent drugs that the therapy uses harm healthier cells also in the process of destroying their cancerous counterparts. Experts at the University of Southern California recently examined the side-effects of a combination of chemo drugs. It was found that the administration of doxorubicin along with other drugs like rapamycin and dexamethasone led to greater chemo-related cell damage and high blood sugar levels as opposed to doxorubicin alone. The study was conducted on mice.


Cancer Research UK describes doxorubicin as a type of chemo drug used to treat many kinds of cancer. It works by, "stopping the growth of cancer cells. One way that doxorubicin works is by blocking an enzyme called topo isomerase 2 that cancer cells need to divide and grow." Associated side-effects depend of the health of the patient receiving doxorubicin, the number of times and the quantity of the drug received.

Some of the common side-effects of doxorubicin when received in isolation are weakness, hair loss, sensitivity to sunlight, sore throat and watery eyes; more than 10 out 100 patients may experience more than one of the above mentioned symptoms. Occasional side-effects include loss of appetite, inflamed drip site, drop in platelet count, skin rash, diarrhea among others; less than 10 patients out of 100 may experience these symptoms.

However, experts at the University of Southern California studied the side-effects of doxorubicin in combination with other drugs that are known to battle ill-effects of chemo but also elevate blood sugar levels and encouraged the development of infections. High blood sugar levels are known to raise chemo-triggered cellular damage in the body.

"This combination [doxorubicin with dexamethasone or rapamycin] could be very dangerous; it made the mice much more sensitive to chemotherapy and it could also make patients more sensitive to chemotherapy," he said. "What is concerning is that drugs such as dexamethasone could be toxic even though they are often given to patients to reduce minor side effects of chemotherapy treatment," noted the study published PLOS Biology. The team suspected that the vulnerability of otherwise healthy cells was increased due to elevated blood sugar.

 Fasting or a low calorie diet was initiated in the mice group that received dexamethasone or rapamycin along with doxorubicin in order to offset the potentially dangerous hike in blood glucose. It was found that the mice-group that was on a fasting diet during the combination treatment showed less damage to healthy heart cells than the mice that had eaten a normal diet.

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Exercise boosts tumour-fighting ability of chemotherapy

Scientists have found that combining exercise with chemotherapy may shrink tumours more than chemotherapy alone.

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that exercise may benefit cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Joseph Libonati, an associate professor in the School of Nursing and director of the Laboratory of Innovative and Translational Nursing Research, senior author on the study, and colleagues were particularly interested in testing whether exercise could protect against the negative cardiac-related side effects of the common cancer drug doxorubicin.

Though effective at treating a variety of types of cancer, doxorubicin has is known to damage heart cells, which could lead to heart failure in the long-term.

"The immediate concern for these patients is, of course, the cancer, and they'll do whatever it takes to get rid of it," Libonati said.

"But then when you get over that hump you have to deal with the long-term elevated risk of cardiovascular disease," Libonati said.

Previous studies had shown that an exercise regime prior to receiving chemotherapy could protect heart cells from the toxic effects of doxorubicin, but few had looked to see whether an exercise regimen during chemotherapy could be beneficial.

Libonati's team set up an experiment with four groups of mice. All were given an injection of melanoma cells in the scruffs of their neck.

During the next two weeks, two of the groups received doxorubicin in two doses while the other two groups received placebo injections.

Mice in one of the treated groups and one of the placebo groups were put on exercise regimens, walking 45 minutes five days a week on mouse-sized treadmills, while the rest of the mice remained sedentary.

After the two-week trial, the researchers examined the animals' hearts using echo-cardiogram and tissue analysis.

As expected, doxorubicin was found to reduce the heart's function and size and increased fibrosis - a damaging thickening of tissue. Mice that exercised were not protected from this damage.

"We looked, and the exercise didn't do anything to the heart - it didn't worsen it, it didn't help it," Libonati said.

But the mice that both received chemotherapy and exercised had significantly smaller tumours after two weeks than mice that only received doxorubicin.

Further studies will investigate exactly how exercise enhances the effect of doxorubicin, but the team believes it could be in part because exercise increases blood flow to the tumour, bringing with it more of the drug in the bloodstream.

The study appears in the American Journal of Physiology.

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Scientists have found that combining exercise with chemotherapy may shrink tumours more than chemotherapy alone.

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that exercise may benefit cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/42981559.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

Scientists have found that combining exercise with chemotherapy may shrink tumours more than chemotherapy alone.

Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found that exercise may benefit cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Joseph Libonati, an associate professor in the School of Nursing and director of the Laboratory of Innovative and Translational Nursing Research, senior author on the study, and colleagues were particularly interested in testing whether exercise co ..

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/42981559.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst