5 effective ways to prevent sepsis

If you are experiencing higher respiratory rate and change in mental status, you may be suffering from sepsis. It is a life-threatening condition that occurs due to over response of your body’s defense system. In response to any infection, the immune system generally releases chemicals in the bloodstream to kill the pathogens. In case of sepsis, this response goes out of balance and causes changes that can potentially damage multiple organ system. It is characterized by symptoms like high fever, unusual sweating, dizziness, slurred speech, diarrhea, shortness of breath etc. If not treated on time, this may further result to septic shock that is characterized by extreme drop in blood pressure leading to death. Affecting people of any age, sepsis is considered most dangerous in older adults, pregnant women, people with weakened immune system, and children younger than 1 year. Any type of infection viral, bacterial or fungal infection including pneumonia, digestive system infection, kidney infection, or bloodstream infection can cause sepsis. As far as its treatment is concerned, your doctor may prescribe you certain antibiotics or give intravenous fluid, initiate or kidney dialysis.

Keep you hand clean: Though sound too basic, doing this can keep you away from various infection. Proper hand hygiene can prevent the transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms and infections in general.

Proper wound care: Even a small cut can catch infection and lead to sepsis.

Have probiotic-rich foods: Foods like yogurt, kefir, pickles etc. contain probiotics that can help good bacteria flourish in the gut and fight off invading bacteria.

Opt for zinc and selenium rich-foods: Foods like meat, seeds, nuts, eggs, mushrooms etc. have therapeutic role in preventing and treating sepsis.

Boost your immune system: Eat immune boosting foods like oranges, broccoli, ginger, almonds etc. Doing that will help you prevent minor infections that can lead to sepsis.

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How ants could inspire a new generation of antibiotics

A team studying the antimicrobial properties of several ant species has found the industrious insects could help scientists develop new antibiotics to join the fight against human diseases. The research also revealed several ant species that have no chemical antimicrobial defense against bacteria, offering exciting alternative pathways for scientists to study.

In this new study, the antimicrobial properties of 20 different ant species were evaluated by stripping away all the substances on the surface of their bodies with a solvent. This solution, generated from the elements gathered from the ants' bodies, was then added to a bacterial slurry to see if any of the compounds contained antibiotic properties. After bacterial growth was compared to the rate of growth in a control slurry, 60 percent of the ant species were found to have some kind of antimicrobial element on their bodies.

"One species we looked at, the thief ant (Solenopsis molesta), had the most powerful antibiotic effect of any species we tested – and until now, no one had even shown that they made use of antimicrobials," says the co-author on the study.

Perhaps even more interesting than the ants found to produce their own antibiotics were those discovered to have almost no antimicrobial properties. Before the research was conducted it was assumed that virtually all ant species must carry some kind of antimicrobial agent, but this study unexpectedly revealed eight out of the 20 species examined held almost no antibiotic agent.

"We thought every ant species would produce at least some type of antimicrobial," says the lead author on the study. "Instead, it seems like many species have found alternative ways to prevent infection that do not rely on antimicrobial chemicals."

These "alternative ways" the ants have developed to fight off pathogens present intriguing new mysteries to be solved by future research. Further study will initially home in on what specific compounds are generating these antimicrobial effects and how broad the effects actually are, as a major limitation of this study is that only a single bacterial agent was used in the experiments. 

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Unsustainable immune response to chronic viral infection is triggered by inflammation

A study finds fundamental new mechanism explaining the inadequate immune defense against chronic viral infection. These results may open up new avenues for vaccine development. 

In the course of an infection or upon vaccination, specialized cells of our immune system, so-called B cells, produce antibodies that bind viruses and inactivate them. In the context of chronic viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis C virus, however, antibody production by B cells is quantitatively inadequate and starts too late. 

A team of scientists at the University of Basel, headed by Daniel Pinschewer, reports that the inadequate antibody response to chronic viral diseases is due to the strong inflammatory reaction upon infection. While most pronounced at the onset of an infection, inflammation can persist for decades, especially in HIV/AIDS. Under the influence of inflammatory messengers, so called interferons, B cells produce as many antibodies as they possibly can. Unfortunately, this hasty response occurs at the expense of sustainability.

B cells that turn on antibody production too quickly lose their potential to proliferate and die shortly thereafter. As a consequence, the immune response takes an impetuous start but subsides rapidly. The scientists assume that this panic reaction of B cells reflects a mechanism ensuring an optimized response to acute life threatening infections. In the context of chronic infections, however, the battle is not decided within a matter of days, but rather only after months or years. 

Under these circumstances, the hasty reaction of our body seems inappropriate and may actually favor the virus. The study has been published in Science Immunology. 
 

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Hydrogen Peroxide Boosts Immune System

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 Boosting your immune system

 

Your body makes its own HP to battle infections. Our white blood cells, also known as Leukocytes, are the cells responsible for fighting disease, viruses and infections, and some of them produce HP as their first form of attack and defense from toxins, infections, viruses, parasites and alike.

Skin cells help activate hair re-growth

A new study has provided a deeper insight into how to activate hair re-growth with the help of skin cells.

A group from the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) has discovered an unexpected link between the body's defense system and skin regeneration. It turns out that macrophages are involved. These are cells from the immune system that are in charge of devouring invading pathogens, a process called phagocytosis.

The authors report that macrophages induce hair growth by surrounding and activating cells in the skin that have regenerative capacity, called stem cells. The discovery that macrophages activate skin stem cells could influence technologies with potential applications in tissue regeneration, aging, and cancer.

Donatello Castellana, from the Epithelial Cell Biology Group of the BBVA Foundation-CNIO Cancer Cell Biology Programme, said that the researchers used tiny droplets, or liposomes, to carry the drug used in the study. The future use of liposomes as a way to deliver a drug to specific cells looks promising and might have additional implications for the study of several pathologies.

The study is published in the journal PLOS Biology. 


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