What does breast cancer in men look like? Signs and symptoms to watch out for

Breast cancer are prevalent in women, but men can be at risk too

While we're all aware of the breast cancer risks in women, we often neglect the possibilities of breast cancer in men. Although rare, men can also develop cancerous breasts. Clinical evidence suggests that less than 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. About 2,650 men are expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer, and an estimated 530 men are expected to die from it. So, even if the chances are slim, there is no way one should strike out the possibility and should make oneself aware of the signs and symptoms of male breast cancer.

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Male breast cancer is most common in older men

According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, "The risk for breast cancer increases with age." Most breast cancers are found after age 50, the health agency suggests. That said, regular breast screenings could be an efficient way to detect any signs of breast cancer risks in men.

Are there any symptoms to watch out for?

There are many signs of breast cancer in men. As per the American Cancer Society (ACS), below are some of the common symptoms of male breast cancer.

- A painless lump in one breast

- Nipple retraction, ulceration, and discharge

- Dimpling of breast

- Discoloration of the breast or nipple skin

While the above mentioned signs are the early warning signs of breast cancer, there are some signs that can tell that the cancer is spreading. Swelling in the lymph nodes, breast pain and bone pain can mean something more serious.

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What type of breast cancers can be diagnosed in men and how?

The CDC suggests three types of breast cancer that can be detected and diagnosed in men.

- Invasive ductal carcinoma: This type of breast cancer starts in the ducts and then grows outside the ducts into other parts of the breast tissues.

- Invasive lobular carcinoma: The cancer cells begin in the lobules and then spread to the closely-knitted breast tissues.

- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): These may lead to invasive breast cancer, since they're only in the lining of the ducts, and have not spread to other breast tissues.

Breast cancers in men and women can be diagnosed with the help of mammogram, ultrasound, a nipple discharge test or a biopsy. Regular self-examination of the breast can also help with diagnosis.

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Do genes play a role?

Breast cancer can also be an outcome of genetic mutations. A strong family history of breast cancer can increase a man's risk of developing the same condition. Men who inherit abnormal BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes may have an increased risk of male breast cancer. However, genetic mutations are not the only factor that could lead to breast cancer in men.

Treatment

Depending on the size of the tumour, the doctor is likely to suggest the treatments. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy are some of available treatments for breast cancer.

 

7 Warning Signs of Breast Cancer

We all know you should never skip your periodical mammogram, and if you find a suspicious lump in your breast or under your armpit, you should go see a doctor immediately. But there are other signs but these that may point to breast cancer, and it is extremely important to be knowledgeable about them and be aware of them, because any of the following 7 cases can be a real risk, and if you find them you should consult with a doctor post haste.  Remember, early detection can make all the difference. 1. A change in the size, form or structure of the breast. 2. A dimple in the breast or a convergence of the skin. 3. Sudden discharge of liquid from the nipple. 4. Itching, irritation or sudden rash on the nipple. 5. Sudden pain at a specific spot that won't go away. 6. The nipple suddenly becoming an 'inny'. 7. Bloating, redness, change of texture or color of the skin on the breast.
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AWARENESS CODE FOR BREAST CANCER

1) KNOW WHAT IS NORMAL FOR YOU.

2) KNOW WHAT CHANGES TO LOOK FOR

3) REPORT ANY CHANGES TO YOUR DOCTOR WITHOUT ANY DELAY

4) HAVE AN ANNUAL SCREENING - MAMMOGRAM IF YOU'RE OVER 40 YEARS.

WHAT SYMPTOMS TO LOOK FOR

1) A CHANGE IN SIZE. ONE BREAST MAY HAVE BECOME NOTICEABLY LARGER OR SMALLER.

2) A NIPPLE MAY BECOME INVERTED ( PULLED IN) OR CHANGE POSITION OR SHAPE.

3)  A RASH ON OR AROUND THE NIPPLES.

4) PUCKERING OR DIMPLING OF SKIN.

5) A SWELLING UNDER THE ARMPIT OR AROUND THE COLLARBONE (LYMPH NODES).

6) A LUMP OR THICKENING IN THE BREAST THAT FEELS DIFFERENT FROM THE REST OF THE TISSUE.

7) CONSTANT PAIN IN ONE PART OF THE BREAST OR ARMPIT.

15 Cancer Symptoms Men Ignore

Symptom  No. 1: Breast Mass

If you’re like most men, you’ve probably never considered the possibility of having breast cancer. Although it’s not common, it is possible. Any new mass in the breast area of a man needs to be checked out by a physician.

In addition,there are several other worrisome signs involving the breast that men as well as women should take note of. They include:

• Skin dimpling or puckering
• Nipple retraction
• Redness or scaling of the nipple or breast skin
• Nipple discharge

When you consult your physician about any of these signs, expect him to take a careful history and do a physical exam. Then, depending on the findings, the doctor may order a mammogram, a biopsy, or other tests.

Symptom  No. 2: Pain

As they age, people often complain of increasing aches and pains. But pain, as vague as it may be, can be an early symptom of some cancers. Most pain complaints, though, are not from cancer.

Any pain that persists,  should be checked out by your physician. The doctor should take a careful history, get more details, and then decide whether further testing is necessary. If it's not cancer, you will still benefit from the visit to the office. That’s because the doctor can work with you to find out what's causing the pain and determine the proper treatment.

Symptom  No. 3: Changes in the Testicles

Testicular cancer occurs most often in men aged 20 to 39. It is recommended that men get a testicular exam by a doctor as part of a routine cancer-related checkup. Some doctors also suggest a monthly self-exam. Any change in the size of the testicles, such as growth or shrinkage, should be a concern.

In addition, any swelling, lump, or feeling of heaviness in the scrotum should not be ignored. Some testicular cancers occur very quickly. So early detection is especially crucial.  If you feel a hard lump of coal [in your testicle], get it checked right away. 

Your doctor should do a testicular exam and an overall assessment of your health. If cancer is suspected, blood tests may be ordered. You may also undergo an ultrasound examination of your scrotum, and your doctor may decide to do a biopsy. A biopsy may require the removal of the entire testicle.

Symptom  No. 4: Changes in the Lymph Nodes

If you notice a lump or swelling in the lymph nodes under your armpit or in your neck -- or anywhere else -- it could be a reason for concern. If you have a lymph node that gets progressively larger, and it's been longer than a month, see a doctor.

Your doctor should examine you and determine any associated issues that could explain the lymph node enlargement, such as infection. If there is no infection, a doctor will typically order a biopsy.

Symptom  No. 5: Fever

If you've got an unexplained fever, it may indicate cancer. Fever, though, might also be a sign of pneumonia or some other illness or infection that needs treatment.

Most cancers will cause fever at some point. Often, fever occurs after the cancer has spread from its original site and invaded another part of the body. Fever can also be caused by blood cancers such as lymphoma or leukaemia. 

It’s best not to ignore a fever that can’t be explained. Check with your doctor to find out what might be causing the fever and to determine its proper treatment.

 Symptom No. 6: Weight Loss Without Trying

Unexpected weight loss is a concern. Most of us don't lose weight easily.  If a man loses more than 10% of his body weight in a time period of 3 to 6 months, it’s time to see the doctor.

Your doctor should do a general physical exam, ask you questions about your diet and exercise, and ask about other symptoms. Based on that information, the doctor will decide what other tests are needed.

Symptom  No. 7: Gnawing Abdominal Pain and Depression

Any man (or woman) who's got a pain in the abdomen and is feeling depressed needs a check up. Experts have found a link between depression and pancreatic cancer. Other symptoms of pancreas cancer may include jaundice, a change in stool color -- often gray -- a darkening of the urine. Itching over the whole body may also occur.

Expect your doctor to do a careful physical exam and take a history. The doctor should order tests such as an ultrasound, a CT scan or both, as well as other laboratory tests.

Symptom No. 8: Fatigue

Fatigue is another vague symptom that could point to cancer in men. But many other problems could cause fatigue as well. Like fever, fatigue can set in after the cancer has grown. But  it may also happen early in cancers such as leukemia, colon cancer, or stomach cancer.

If you often feel extremely tired and you don’t get better with rest, check with your doctor. The doctor should evaluate the fatigue along with any other symptoms in order to determine its cause and the proper treatment.

Symptom  No. 9: Persistent Cough

Coughs are expected, of course, with colds, the flu, and allergies. They are also sometimes a side effect of a medication. But a very prolonged cough -- defined as lasting more than three or four weeks -- or a change in a cough should not be ignored. Those cough patterns warrant a visit to the doctor. They could be a symptom of cancer, or they could indicate some other problem such as chronic bronchitis or acid reflux.

Your doctor should take a careful history, examine your throat, listen to your lungs, determine their function with a spirometry test, and, if you are a smoker, order X-rays. Once the reason for the coughing is identified, the doctor will work with you to determine a treatment plan.

 Symptom No. 10: Difficulty Swallowing

Some men may report trouble swallowing but then ignore it. Over time, they change their diet to a more liquid diet. They start to drink more soup. But swallowing difficulties,  may be a sign of a GI cancer, such as cancer of the esophagus.

Let your doctor know if you are having trouble swallowing. Your doctor should take a careful history and possibly order a chest X-ray and a barium swallow. The doctor may also send you to a specialist for an upper GI endoscopy to examine your esophagus and upper GI tract.

Symptom No. 11: Changes in the Skin

You should be alert to not only changes in moles -- a well-known sign of potential skin cancer -- but also changes in skin pigmentation. 

A Dr. says that suddenly developing bleeding on your skin or excessive scaling are reasons to check with your doctor. It's difficult to say how long is too long to observe skin changes, but most experts say not to wait longer than several weeks.

To find out what’s causing the skin changes, your doctor should take a careful history and perform a careful physical exam. The doctor may also order a biopsy to rule out cancer.

Symptom No. 12: Blood Where It Shouldn't Be

Any time you see blood coming from a body part where you've never seen it before, see a doctor. If you start coughing up blood, spitting up blood, have blood in the bowel or in the urine, it’s time for a doctor visit.  It’s a mistake to assume blood in the stool is simply from a haemorrhoid. It could be colon cancer.

Your doctor should ask you questions about your symptoms. The doctor may also order tests such as a colonoscopy. This is an examination of the colon using a long flexible tube with a camera on one end. The purpose of a colonoscopy is to identify any signs of cancer or precancer or identify any other causes of the bleeding.

Symptom  No. 13: Mouth Changes

If you smoke or chew tobacco, you need to be especially alert for any white patches inside your mouth or white spots on your tongue. Those changes may indicate leukoplakia, a pre-cancerous area that can occur with ongoing irritation. This condition can progress to oral cancer.

You should report the changes to your doctor or dentist. The dentist or doctor should take a careful history, examine the changes, and then decide what other tests might be needed.

Symptom  No. 14: Urinary Problems

As men age, urinary problems become more frequent. Those problems include the following:

• The urge to urinate more often,especially at night
• A sense of urgency
• A feeling of not completely emptying the bladder
• An inability to start the urine stream
• Urine leaking when laughing or coughing
• A weakening of the urine stream

Every man will develop these problems as he gets older. But once you notice these symptoms, you should seek medical attention. That's especially true if the symptoms get worse.

Your doctor should do a digital rectal exam, which will tell him whether the prostate gland is enlarged or has nodules on it. The prostate gland often enlarges as a man ages. It’s most often caused by a noncancerous condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. 

Your doctor may discuss doing a blood test to check the level of prostate-specific antigen or PSA. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and the test is used to help determine the possibility of prostate cancer. 

If the doctor notices abnormalities in the prostate or if the PSA is higher than it should be, your doctor may refer you to a urologist and perhaps order a biopsy. Prostate cancer may be present even with a normal PSA level.

Symptom  No. 15: Indigestion

Many men, especially as they get older, think "heart attack" when they get bad indigestion. But persistent indigestion may point to cancer of the esophagus, throat, or stomach. Persistent or worsening indigestion should be reported to your doctor.

Your doctor should take a careful history and ask questions about the indigestion episodes. Based on the history and your answers to the questions, the doctor will decide what tests are needed.

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