IIT-Mandi Researchers Show The Possible Role Of Signal Peptide Aggregation On Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is linked with the deposition of misfolded peptides called amyloid ß42 (Aß42) in the spaces between nerve cells

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Mandi) research team have discovered an important biomolecular mechanism for the formation of protein clusters/aggregates that are often seen in Alzheimer’s disease. The team led by Dr. Rajanish Giri, Associate Professor, School of Basic Sciences have shown that signal peptide of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) can co-aggregate with Amyloid beta peptide (Aß42). This Aß42, known for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, a most common form of dementia that slowly destroys memory and other important mental functions.

"While proteins are essential for virtually every process within the cell, their disturbed functions due to aggregation and/or misfolding can result in harmful effects. There are more than 50 diseases that are associated with protein aggregation/misfolding," Giri said.

Alzheimer’s disease is linked with the deposition of misfolded peptides called amyloid ß42 (Aß42) in the spaces between nerve cells. "Generally, when proteins get aggregated or misfolded , they deposit around the cells and kills them, leading to the onset of many diseases. Till now, it was unknown whether signal peptide of amyloid precursor protein also have the tendency to form disease-causing aggregates? Can signal peptide co-assemble with the Alzheimer’s disease-related peptide (Aß42)? To answer such questions, we performed this work," Giri said.

 The inter-institutional team comprising researchers from IIT Mandi, University of Cambridge, UK, and University of South Florida, USA, studied the aggregation pattern of a signal peptide of the APP. The research study was published in the journal- 'Cell Reports Physical Science’. 

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Hormone released in exercise delay Alzheimer’s

Physical exercise can help counter the loss of memory caused by Alzheimer’s as well as delay the onset of the most common type of dementia.

Researchers  established a link between levels of irisin, a hormone produced by the body during exercise, and the development of the progressive disease.

The tests, carried out on rats with Alzheimer’s, showed low levels of irisin in the brains of Alzheimer’s sufferers, and a reversal in memory loss when irisin levels were boosted through physical exercise.

The study showed that the levels of this hormone are, in fact, decreased in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s, says a professor.

In addition, the team showed that by boosting the levels of the hormone, memory improves.

By showing that irisin is an important mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise, the findings indicate the hormone can be a novel agent capable of opposing synapse failure and memory impairment, says the study.

The research also reinforces the importance of physical activity in preventing memory loss and brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s, says the report.

Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease that erodes memory, eventually impairing language, reasoning and other mental functions.

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Benefits Of Music

I'm sure that all of you must have heard that there are so many therapies used to treat patients now. Well, music is one of them. I'm sure that everyone loves music, it could be classical, jazz, film music, folk music and so on.

1) Favorite tunes keep you calm- Listening to their favorite music lowered anxiety among ICU patients by about one third, according to a study. Not just any tunes—it had to be familiar and comforting pieces, according to researchers. 

2) Mood music makes you eat less- It is known that when people hear soothing music to their ears, they eat less and feel happy. This has been noted by many eateries that playing soft, soothing music, make their customers happy, so they eat less !

3) Inspiring instrumentals improve your mental focus-  When young adults were given a task that required intense concentration, they did better while listening to the bright “Spring” concerto versus the slower and more somber “Autumn” one.

4) Good music soothes and relaxes your blood vessels-   Listening to music that brings you joy causes blood vessels to expand, increasing blood flow and improving cardio­vascular health, a study found. The average upper-arm blood vessel diameter of people in the study increased 26 percent after listening to joyful music. A separate review of 26 studies covering almost 1,400 heart disease patients found that music 
reduced heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety.

5) Children who listen to music are more helpful- Preschoolers who sang and played instruments as a group were a whopping 30 times more likely to help others in subsequent tasks that measured their helpfulness and problem-solving abilities, compared with a control group of kids who listened to a story, researchers reported in 2013. 

6) Help teens cope with cancer-  Teenagers undergoing cancer treatment who joined a music therapy program in the hospital showed improved coping skills and more resilience when compared to a control group of patients who received audio books. The patients, who were undergoing stem cell transplants, worked with music therapists to write song lyrics and produce videos. “Making music videos allows these patients to project their feelings through another outlet,”

7) Your work will get done faster- Listening to happy music at 
work can help you complete 
tasks more quickly, especially if you’re doing something repetitive such as checking e-mail or filing documents. One study showed that the accuracy and efficiency of surgeons improved when they worked with the music of their choice in the background.

8)Stress levels will go down-   Music decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol just 
as well as massage therapy does, 
according to a small 2010 study. Scientists randomly assigned anxious patients to listen to music either during massage therapy or while lying 
in a dim room. After three months, those who just listened to music experienced the same drop in anxiety as those who also got massages.

9)Music can help during surgery- Listening to music before surgery has been shown to ease anxiety and limit the need for sedatives. 
After surgery, it helps reduce pain. An analysis of 73 studies in 2015 confirmed that listening to music before, during, 
or after surgery improves anxiety 
and pain levels, which in turn means less pain medication.

10)Music makes you more creative-People come up with more creative solutions when they listen to happy, upbeat music than when they sit in silence, according to researchers from the Netherlands and Australia. It may be because music improves your brain’s flexibility or because it relaxes you enough for 
the creative juices to flow.

11) It gets dopamine flowing- When you listen to music, your brain releases dopamine, the same neuro­transmitter that’s released when you eat chocolate, have sex, or use cocaine. It’s also associated with being in love. One small study found that just the anticipation of knowing the best part of a song is coming 
can get the dopamine flowing. 

12) Music makes you more comfortable- Music distracts you from your discomfort and motivates you to stay with the beat. The effect is so profound that the author of a 2012 review examining the psychological effects of music on exercise called music “a type of legal performance-enhancing drug.”

13) Helps one to have sound sleep- Lullabies aren’t just for babies. Listening to music before bed can help you fall asleep faster, wake up less often during the night, and feel more rested in the morning, according to the researchers. In one study, seniors with sleep problems who listened to 45 minutes of soft, slow music before bed reported a 35 percent improvement in the duration of their shut-eye and less dysfunction throughout the day. 

14) Music helps to heal fast-  Music has been used to heal 
for centuries, and now we’re learning why it works. The latest meta-analysis of 400 studies finds that listening to music promotes 
the body’s production of an antibody (called immunoglobulin A) that 
attacks viruses and bacteria, as well as natural “killer cells,” which kill 
invading viruses and cancerous cells.

15) It makes time fly by- Time does fly when you’re listening to music: Scientists have shown repeatedly that people judge 
a period of waiting as shorter when music is playing. Retailers use that to their advantage, playing music so you stay longer and spend more. For instance, more drinks and food are sold in bars and restaurants when music (especially slow music) is played. And grocery sales increase by 38 percent when the background music is slow.

16) Music helps to reduce pain-  In one study, adults who 
focused on childhood melodies while receiving safe electric shocks decreased their pain by 17 percent overall. Other studies show that music may reduce pain for fibromyalgia and cancer patients. It works on kids, too: Children who listened to soothing and/or upbeat music while having 
an IV inserted reported less pain and distress compared with those who had the procedure in silence, according to a study.

17) It helps Alzheimer's patients remember- Maybe you’ve heard about ­Alzheimer’s patients coming alive when they hear a song from their past. Studies show that music helps them retrieve memories, communicate more effectively, and remember who they are. Singing is particularly powerful; the researchers demonstrated that 
Alzheimer’s patients who regularly belt out their favorites may boost their cognitive function over time.

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10 Symptoms Of An Underactive Thyroid And Natural Remedies That Can Help You

Can you imagine that a small organ, which weighs about 15g, can turn your health upside down? However it’s true.

Thyroid gland is a tiny organ, located in your neck, in the neighborhood with the voice-box and windpipe.

It normally produces hormones called thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine. Owing to this, thyroid gland has ability to control your metabolic rate, body temperature, menstrual cycle, mental function and heart working.

When something goes wrong in your body, this gland may significantly cut down generation of the hormones, causing hypothyroidism.

In the majority of cases it occurs because of autoimmune disorder, when person’s immune cells begin to destroy his or her thyroid tissue by mistake.

Other common causes of hypothyroidism include inflammatory process, surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism, exposure to radiation and regular consumption of certain medications.

According to statistics, this disorder affects about 4.6% of American adults.

Actually specialists say that women are more prone to the thyroid dysfunction than men. Risks of hypothyroidism raise with passing years.

Though mild hypothyroidism often stays unnoticed, it’s worth getting thyroid examination, if noticed any of these symptoms in yourself:

1. Weight gain – lack of thyroid hormones may dramatically impair your metabolism. That leads to weight gain, even if you eat healthy foods and exercise regularly.

2. Depression – each of us feel upset from time to time. The problem is, if your depression has become a permanent condition. In addition to this, people with hypothyroidism often experience causeless anxiety.

3. Cold intolerance – as your metabolic rate gets decreased, your body may start to produce less of heat. As a result, stay in the cold environment may be a real problem for you.

4. Mental fog – it may appear difficult to concentrate and remember certain familiar things, if your thyroid gland creates too few of the hormones.

5. Menstrual changes – women with thyroid hypo-function usually complain of irregular periods and heavy menstrual bleeding.

6 Fatigue and drowsiness – insufficient synthesis of thyroid hormones may be a culprit of your inexplicable long-term tiredness and irresistable want to nap.

7. Dry skin – decreased metabolism influences not only on the way you spend calories. Your sweating glands stop to work properly too. That’s why your skin isn’t moisturized as needed and gets dry and itchy.

8. Constipation – hypothyroidism may influence on the motility of your digestive tract, causing frequent constipation.

9. Hair loss – deficiency of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine may affect hair follicles, leading to intensive hair loss and its brittleness.

10. Low libido – it was found that underactive thyroid gland may be a reason of your reduced sex drive.

Fortunately it’s possible to fulfill lack of thyroid hormones by consumption of synthetic hormones, available in the pills.

Besides this, you’re able to correct your thyroid dysfunction and improve the treatment with natural remedies.

Like wide variety of other diseases, hypothyroidism may be prevented and corrected by changing your diet. Experts recommend staying off sugar-rich products, as they boost risks of inflammation and aggravate symptoms of the disease.

Hashimoto’s disease (autoimmune disorder, which was recognized as the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism) may significantly lower levels of the selenium. This micro-element plays a great role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Add more selenium-rich foods like tuna, Brazil nuts and turkey to your diet, or go for special supplements.

Several studies found a link between hypo-function of the thyroid gland and imbalance of the intestinal microflora. Enhance your gut bacteria, taking yogurt, kefir, kombucha or supplements.

Low levels of thyroid hormones are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. You can find it in dairy products, fortified cereals, eggs and sea-foods.

However you need to visit your doctor, if you’re suspected to have underactive thyroid gland.

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