Chronic diseases, reason for declining mobility of old people

Chronic diseases are a key factor behind the declining mobility of old people, a new study suggests. The study was published in the Journal 'Annals of Medicine'. "Healthcare professionals should pay attention to the mobility limitations caused by chronic diseases before older adults' independent living is endangered," says a Prof. The study incorporated 779 twins aged between 71-75 years who were currently living at homes. The study brought out that chronic diseases were behind the significant decrease in the measured amount of mobility without the research subjects noticing it.

Diseases that affected the mobility of older adults included coronary heart disease, diabetes, heart failure, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. More the number of diseases, lesser was the number of the physical activity level. For individuals without diseases, the accrued number of steps per day was on average almost 7,000. In turn, those who reported at least three diseases moved less than 4,000 steps per day. Being physically active in younger adulthood or early middle age did not affect the results,"  the Prof. explained.

She further added, "For those with or without diseases, there was no difference between the amounts of physical exercise in an earlier life. Therefore, it is likely that the difference between healthy and ill individuals is caused by the diseases." the Prof. stated that "More attention should be paid to the use of exercise therapy in healthcare. This benefits both individuals and society."  

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Researchers developing new therapy to treat Parkinson's disease

Cell replacement may play an increasing role in alleviating the symptoms such as movement problems and memory loss of Parkinson's disease (PD), researchers say. The most common PD treatment today is based on enhancing the activity of the nigrostriatal pathway in the brain with dopamine-modulating therapies, thereby increasing striatal dopamine levels and improving motor impairment associated with the disease. However, this treatment has significant long-term limitations and side effects. 

"We are in desperate need of a better way of helping people with PD. It is on the increase worldwide. There is still no cure, and medications only go part way to fully treat in coordination and movement problems," said a Dr.

Recent strides in stem cell technology mean that quality, consistency, activity, and safety can be assured and that it is possible to grow essentially unlimited amounts of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the laboratory for transplantation, said a study.

"We are moving into a very exciting era for stem cell therapy. The first-generation cells are now being trialed and new advances in stem cell biology and genetic engineering promise even better cells and therapies in the future," said a researcher.

"There is a long road ahead in demonstrating how well stem cell-based reparative therapies will work, and much to understand about what, where, and how to deliver the cells, and to whom," she said.
 

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Researchers develop fast, non-contact method for early detection of breast cancer

A new "fast, painless and non-contact" way for early detection of breast cancer in women of all ages including pregnant or nursing has been developed by the researchers

The proposed technique makes use of infrared emission emanating from the breast to detect the hidden tumors at a very early stage with predefined thermal stimulus on the area under examination.

"Infrared Thermography (IRT) is a fast, painless, non-contact, and non-invasive imaging method, complementary to mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging methods for early diagnosis of breast cancer," Associate Professor, who is associated with the research said.

The widely used mammography has its limitations in detecting tumors, especially in a "dense breast", he said.

"Dense breasts have less fat and more gland tissue in comparison to the fatty breasts, which restricts mammography to detect tumors with confidence. Especially for the tumors situated in the gland region of the breast, due to the insignificant density variations between the gland and tumor regions, mammography fails to provide enough radiographic contrast between the tumor location and healthy region of the breast," he added.

The Prof. explained that this limits the applicability of mammography in the screening of dense breasts. "Also, mammography leads to discomfort to the patient and the exposure to harmful ionizing radiation further restricts its applicability. However, the present Active IRT technique outperforms the standard method of mammography by providing patient-friendly breast screening," he said.

The research titled "Applicability of active infrared thermography for the screening of human breast: a numerical study", has been published. In the new method, an external thermal stimulus (heat/cold) is applied over the breast under examination for creating significant temperature differences (2 to 3 degrees centigrade from the ambient breast temperature) over the normal and abnormal (tumor) regions over the breast.

Thermal waves generated due to applied heat stimulus diffuse into the breast and produce a similar temporal temperature distribution on the skin surface of the breast with a certain delay and amplitude. The presence of tumors inside the breast alters the heat flow resulting in temperature gradients over the surface. Further, phase and amplitude images are constructed using frequency and time-domain data analysis schemes for detecting the sub-surface tumors with improved contrast.

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