Age of onset of type 1 diabetes can dictate life expectancy

Type 1 diabetes can reduce life expectancy if onset occurs when the patient is young, claims a study recently published in The Lancet.
Obese people are at significantly greater risk of health conditions such as heart disease and diabetes

In India, diabetes numbers are surging. Concerningly, rates are increasing among India’s young population. It was recently revealed that around 97,000 children in India suffer from type 1 diabetes. In Delhi alone around 32 children per every 1,000 are affected by the disease.

The Lancet study presented results which indicate that life-expectancy for individuals with early-onset type 1 diabetes is, on average, sixteen years shorter than people without the disease. Compared to people diagnosed later in life, an early-onset individual was found to have a reduction in life expectancy of around ten years.

The study, conducted in Sweden, used observational investigations that followed over 27,000 individuals with type 1 diabetic individuals and more than 135,000 individuals in a matched control group for an average of ten years.

The findings of the study suggest that individuals diagnosed before the age of ten have a thirty-times greater risk of serious cardiovascular outcomes like heart attack. This was found to be lower than people diagnosed between ages 26 and thirty whose risk levels are around six times higher.

Additionally, early-onset sufferers are four times as likely to die from any cause, with seven times the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease compared to their diabetes-free counterparts. Again, this difference was found to be less prominent in people with late onset diabetics with a three-fold risk of dying from any cause compared to their peers without diabetes.

The authors stress the requirement to use cardioprotective measures such as statins and blood pressure lowering drugs as soon as possible in this high-risk population.

In India the early intervention and therapies to address the diabetes is vital. Evidence suggests that the Indian population is at a higher risk than that of most other countries due to a genetic predisposition to diabetes.

The average age of onset of in India occurs between 25 and 34, nearly two decades before the age of onset in western nations. This indicates a considerable role for the genetic risk factor present in the Indian population. The genes involved have been proposed as mediators for insulin release. Any alterations in these genes could therefore play a large part in increasing the risk of developing diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes has been shown in studies to be increasing in prevalence by three to five percent per year in India. The results of the new study highlight the need for proper management of the disease through early intervention and appropriate lifestyle changes. Spreading awareness of the disease must also be a priority in order to address these rising numbers.

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How fat molecules trigger inflammation

Researchers have found how fat molecules in the blood stream interact with blood vessel cells and trigger inflammation, an advance that may lead to better understanding of tissue injury related to kidney damage or heart disease.

The study, noted that patients with elevated levels of fat molecules called triglycerides in their blood had a significantly higher mortality rate than groups with a similar health history.

The researchers said adopting a low-fat diet can significantly extend the life expectancy of high-risk patients, such as those with diabetes or those with high blood pressure.

According to the researchers, blood triglyceride levels rise substantially in people who eat a high-fat diet. 

“As a result of biochemical changes, the triglycerides develop toxic properties that activate the body’s innate immune system. This initiates a series of self-destructive processes including those in which the walls of the arteries are attacked and the blood vessels become occluded, reducing blood flow,” explained the study co-author.

The study offers a link between the chronic inflammation triggered by high levels of triglyceride in the blood, and secondary diseases such as kidney failure or heart attack.

“We hope that our results will help in developing new strategies for treating and preventing these life-threatening diseases,” he said. 

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15 Little Known Facts About The Human Anatomy

The human anatomy is interesting. We have two of certain parts and organs, one of some. We feel a certain way sometimes but just never understand why sometimes. Some parts of the body grow while others remain the same and the list is endless.
The truth is, there’s even more to our bodies than meets the eye and here are fifteen little known or mind blowing facts about the human body.

1.In a single lifetime, you produce enough saliva to fill a swimming pool

As gross as this sounds, 25,000 quarts of saliva are produced by the average human. While it sounds like a bad thing, this saliva helps keep our bodies clean.People who have lower levels of saliva are more susceptible to oral infections.
On that note, you might as well know that in just a day, you produce a whole litre of mucus.

2.Sleeping for less than 7 hours a day decreases life expectancy

Sounds scary right?

Well, getting less than seven hours of sleep consistently is said to lower your life expectancy.

It is sad that often times, life always seems to stand in the way of our getting the amount of sleep our bodies need. This is especially the case for people with full time jobs in busy cities that will often keep you on the road too long making you get home late and have you up too early if you are to get to work in time.It’s almost like we can’t exactly win on this one but it does increase your chances of dying prematurely.

At night when you sleep, your brain is more active as it starts to prepare for the next day. It gets rid of toxins and certain information to ensure you wake up revitalized.

The most ideal number of sleep hours is eight, although babies need even more sleep for healthy growth.

3. You are at a bigger risk of dying of a heart attack on a Monday

As if Mondays aren’t already bad enough, here comes more reason to not like them. A lot always seems to happen on Mondays come to think of it and most of all that is usually negative, which subsequently causes stress. 

Apparently, 20% more people succumb to heart attacks on this dreaded first day of the week.

4. A Human being can distinguish between 1 trillion different smells

One trillion!

As shocking as that number seems, it is true. People often underestimate the nose but you, the average human can tell between this immense number of odors which compared to how many colors the eye can tell from, is impeccable. 

The eye can only distinguish between 10 million colors.

5. A baby has 99 more bones than an adult

Yes, as crazy as that might sound, it is a fact.

 It is said that a new born baby has around three hundred and five bones compared to a fully grown adult who has two hundred and six. The explanation for this is that a baby’s skeleton is mostly made up of cartilage and as the baby grows to the point of adulthood, through a process called ossification, the cartilage turns into adult bone.

6.You have as much hair as a chimpanzee

This one is funny. Chimps usually appear to be so hairy. In fact they just look like a ball of hair, so how can the amount of hair on the average  human being be compared to the amount of hair on a chimp?

Well, it has an explanation.

The hair on a human being’s body is often incredibly fine and is also very light so it isn’t as easy to notice, while that on a chimpanzee is much thicker. 

It is believed that that appearance of our hair is to actually make us sweat better but this is still unclear.

7. Your heart pumps enough blood to fill 200 train tanks

Well, in a single lifetime, your heart will keep pumping blood as long as it has oxygen supply. This blood pumped throughout this entire time is about 1.5 million barrels.

Did you know that as long as this same heart is supplied with oxygen continuously, it can keep pumping even if it is outside the body?

This is because of its own electrical impulse.

The amount of energy produced on a single day by your heart can also power a truck for, wait for it, 20 miles.

8. Music heals the body

I’m sure you’ve heard of cases where music is used by expectant ladies for the sake of keeping the unborn baby relaxed, among other things related to that entire period of expectancy, but the wonders of music surpass that.

Medical practitioners, mainly in cardiovascular units, are starting to incorporate music into treating of patients because it has been found to generally relax the body, lower their heart rate as well as their blood pressure.

Careful though with the kind of music for this purpose. It needs to be nice and slow in order to avoid sending the patients into a state of shock.

9. An unborn baby can actually save the mother

This is a very interesting fact. When a woman is expectant and has a malfunctioning organ, the foetus has a way of sending stem cells to save the mother.

It is a beautiful phenomenon because typically the mother’s body is what protects the foetus as it grows but it turns out, the mother can also count on her unborn baby in the event that she faces a health risk.

10. Your eyes  actually never change in size ,but the nose and ears do

Yes, your eyes as an adult are the exact size they were when you were still a baby. In fact, that is why babies usually look so cute and adorable. It’s because their eyes , other than being so bright, appear bigger.

Contrary to this, your ears and nose will always keep growing for as long as you are alive.

11. You lose 600,000 particles of skin in every hour

Do you realize that this is an equivalent of 1.5 pounds lost every year? Sure it doesn’t look like much but for automatic skin particle shedding, it is quite the figure.

That is a lot of dead cells.

12. The fastest human sense is hearing and the most active muscle is the eye

The average brain can tell sound faster than the blink of an eye. How fast? Well, 10 times faster.

That is why it is obviously easier to get someone’s attention by yelling than it is to do a gesture.

The eye on the other hand is the most active among the body’s muscles as it moves a hundred thousand times in a single day.

13. Your body has enough acid to dissolve a razor blade and more chemicals

In just the stomach alone, a razor blade can dissolve in the acid present.

The sulphur in your body can finish off all the fleas on a dog.

About nine hundred pencils can be made from the carbon present in the body.

There is also enough fat to to make seven bars of soap. The fat part might be a little scary for some but it is a fact.

14. The feet contain 52 bones

Realize, this is approximately a quarter of all the bones contained in your entire body. This should not actually be a surprise seeing the amount of work the feet do . They literally support your entire body throughout the day.

In addition to the number of bones, they also contain thirty three joints, nineteen different muscles and more than a hundred ligaments.

15. When you wake up, you are actually taller than you were before you slept

 Are you sure about that? 

You may ask, because you probably never note the difference in your height. 

 
Well it is not much of a difference but if it counts, then you will be glad to note that you wake up a centimeter taller, so maybe another reason not to underestimate the power of a good night sleep.

There will always be more to learn about the human body and knowledge of this is power because it could, to a great extent, shape how we look after ourselves and generally all our activities.
Understanding such facts should be interesting. 

Fifteen is just a small number compared to how much more there is to human beings but certainly a good number to start with in learning.

 this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
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Life expectancy linked to a person's walking speed

People who walk slowly have a lower life expectancy than those who walk fast, a recent study has claimed. According to the study, those with a habitually fast walking pace have a long life expectancy across all levels of weight status- from underweight to morbidly obese.

Underweight individuals with a slow walking pace had the lowest life expectancy ( an average of 64.8 years for men, 72.4 years for women). The same pattern of results was found for waist circumference measurements.

The lead author said, Our findings could help clarify the relative importance of physical fitness compared to body weight on the life expectancy of individuals. In other words, the findings suggest that perhaps physical fitness is a better indicator of life expectancy than BMI and that encouraging the population to engage in brisk walking may add years to their lives.

The co-author of the study said, studies so far have mainly shown the impact of body weight and physical fitness on mortality in terms of relative risk, for e.g., a 20 % relative increase of risk of death for every 5 kg. per metres squared increase, compared to a reference value of a BMI of 25 lg per metres squared ( the threshold BMI) between normal weight and overweight.

Last year, the team showed that middle-aged people who reported that they're slow walkers were at higher risk of heart-related disease compared to the general population.

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People who walk slowly have a lower life expectancy than those who walk fast, a recent study has claimed. According to the study published in the Journal of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, those with a habitually fast walking pace have a long life expectancy across all levels of weight status - from underweight to morbidly obese. Underweight individuals with a slow walking pace had the lowest life expectancy (an average of 64.8 years for men, 72.4 years for women). The same pattern of results was found for waist circumference measurements.

https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/health/life-expectancy-linked-to-a-persons-walking-speed-530044

Living in a polluted city can reduce your lifespan by over 4 years

People in India would live an average 4.3 years longer if the country met the global guidelines for particulate pollution, according to a study which found that effect of pollution on life expectancy is worse than HIV/AIDS, cigarette smoking, and even terrorism.

According to the new Air Quality Life Index (AQLI), developed by researchers, particulate air pollution cuts global average life expectancy by 1.8 years per person.

The AQLI establishes particulate pollution as the single greatest threat to human health globally, with its effect on life expectancy exceeding that of devastating communicable diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, behavioural killers like cigarette smoking, and even war.

Critically, the AQLI reports these results in tangible terms that are relatable for most people. 

"Around the world today, people are breathing air that represents a serious risk to their health. But the way this risk is communicated is very often opaque and confusing, translating air pollution concentrations into colors, like red, brown, orange and green," said a professor .

"My colleagues and I developed the AQLI, where the 'L' stands for 'life,' to address these shortcomings. It takes particulate air pollution concentrations and converts them into perhaps the most important metric that exists: life expectancy," he said.

The AQLI is based on a pair of studies that quantify the causal relationship between long-term human exposure to particulate pollution and life expectancy.

Seventy-five percent of the global population, or 5.5 billion people, live in areas where particulate pollution exceeds the WHO guideline.

The AQLI reveals that India and China, which make up 36 per cent of the world's population, account for 73 per cent of all years of life lost due to particulate pollution.

On average, people in India would live 4.3 years longer if the country met the WHO guideline - expanding the average life expectancy at birth there from 69 to 73 years.

In the US, about a third of the population lives in areas not in compliance with the WHO guideline. Those living in the country's most polluted counties could expect to live up to one year longer if pollution met the WHO guideline.

Globally, the AQLI reveals that particulate pollution reduces average life expectancy by 1.8 years, making it the greatest global threat to human health.

By comparison, first-hand cigarette smoke leads to a reduction in global average life expectancy of about 1.6 years. Other risks to human health have even smaller effects: Alcohol and drugs reduce life expectancy by 11 months; unsafe water and sanitation take off 7 months; and HIV/AIDS, 4 months.

Conflict and terrorism take off 22 days. So, the impact of particulate pollution on life expectancy is comparable to that of smoking, twice that of alcohol and drug use, three times that of unsafe water, five times that of HIV/AIDS, and more than 25 times that of conflict and terrorism.

"While people can stop smoking and take steps to protect themselves from diseases, there is little they can individually do to protect themselves from the air they breathe," the Prof. said.

"The AQLI tells citizens and policymakers how particulate pollution is affecting them and their communities and reveals the benefits of policies to reduce particulate pollution," he said. 

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Strong Muscles Can Extend Your Life Expectancy

If you're looking for a little motivation to get your butt to the gym, then here it is, since according to a recent study, having stronger muscles may actually extend your life expectancy.
The researchers carefully analyzed data, which has been available to the public for the purpose of research on aging since 1990. They analyzed the data of 8,326 people aged 65 and over, and noticed that people with weaker muscles had a 50% chance of passing away earlier than those with stronger muscles.
According to the researcher, "maintaining muscle strength throughout life - and especially in later life - is extremely important for longevity and aging independently.”
The researchers measured the participants' muscles strength by using a dynamometer, which needs to be squeezed by the participant in order to determine their hand grip strength. Women whose hand grip strength was less than 48 pounds and men whose hand grip strength was under 85 pounds were labeled as having weak muscles, and these groups made up 46% of the total sample together.
The results of this trial have led the team to conclude that measuring grip strength needs to become a staple of routine physicals, especially considering that they are both highly cost-effective and easy to perform.
According to the researcher, "this study further highlights the importance of integrating grip strength measurements into routine care—not just for older adults but even in midlife,” and that "having hand grip strength be an integral part of routine care would allow for earlier interventions, which could lead to increased longevity and independence for individuals.”
If you want to measure your own muscle strength in the comfort of your own home, you can actually order your own dynamometer from the internet, which you can use to motivate you to start building some muscle before it's too late.

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Following five healthy lifestyle habits may increase life expectancy by decade or more

Researchers also found that U.S. women and men who maintained the healthiest lifestyles were 82% less likely to die from cardiovascular disease and 65% less likely to die from cancer when compared with those with the least healthy lifestyles over the course of the roughly 30-year study period.
The study is the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of adopting low-risk lifestyle factors on life expectancy in the U.S.

Americans have a shorter average life expectancy—79.3 years—than almost all other high-income countries. The U.S. ranked 31st in the world for life expectancy in 2015. The new study aimed to quantify how much healthy lifestyle factors might be able to boost longevity in the U.S.

The team of researchers looked at 34 years of data from 78,865 women and 27 years of data from 44,354 men participating in, respectively, in a study. 

The researchers looked at how five low-risk lifestyle factors—not smoking, low body mass index (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), at least 30 minutes or more per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity, moderate alcohol intake (for example, up to about one 5-ounce glass of wine per day for women, or up to two glasses for men), and a healthy diet—might impact mortality.

For study participants who didn’t adopt any of the low-risk lifestyle factors, the researchers estimated that life expectancy at age 50 was 29 years for women and 25.5 years for men.

But for those who adopted all five low-risk factors, life expectancy at age 50 was projected to be 43.1 years for women and 37.6 years for men. In other words, women who maintained all five healthy habits gained, on average, 14 years of life, and men who did so gained 12 years, compared with those who didn’t maintain healthy habits.

Compared with those who didn’t follow any of the healthy lifestyle habits, those who followed all five were 74% less likely to die during the study period. The researchers also found that there was a dose-response relationship between each individual healthy lifestyle behavior and a reduced risk of early death, and that the combination of all five healthy behaviors was linked with the most additional years of life.

“This study underscores the importance of following healthy lifestyle habits for improving longevity in the U.S. population,” said the senior author of the study. “However, adherence to healthy lifestyle habits is very low. Therefore, public policies should put more emphasis on creating healthy food, built, and social environments to support and promote healthy diet and lifestyles.”

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