What does developing type 2 diabetes entail? Know the causes, learn about the risks that follow

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic levels all around the world. Millions of people are suffering from this lifestyle disease. Type 1 diabetes, which is an auto-immune disease, also affects a considerable amount of people. Even when the diseases affect so many people, very few people are actually aware of what really goes on inside our body, which causes our blood sugar levels to increase abnormally. 

According to US National Library of Medicine of the US National Institutes of Health, "India is deemed as the world's capital of diabetes. The diabetic population in the country is close to hitting the alarming mark of 69.9 million by 2025 and 80 million by 2030." It is important to understand the causes and reasons behind the occurrence of diabetes, in order to be able to manage and treat it better. Here are the basics of why you get type 2 diabetes, and you should definitely know them.

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease. It is when our body's own immune system, designed to protect us against foreign bodies like germs which cause infection, attacks the cells of the pancreas that are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is the hormone which helps in the absorption of glucose by the cells of different organs in the body. In the absence or scarcity of insulin, cells are not able to absorb glucose, because of which it remains in the blood, and blood sugar sees a spike.
This could happen due to genes, environmental factors like a viral disease and infection. 

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes can happen when the pancreas in the body stops producing insulin, produce it in very less amount, or when the cells of organs become resistant to the insulin – a condition called insulin resistance. These conditions can happen due to lifestyle factors like the diet you follow, level of physical activity and habits like drinking and smoking. These conditions could also be a result of genes and environmental factors. 

Common factors that increase your risk of type 2 diabetes are obesity, stress, or conditions like pregnancy, and PCOS.

When a person is obese, the fat in the body sends 'pro-inflammatory' signals, as per a study. This reduces insulin sensitivity in the cells of the organs in the body, which can lead to a spike in blood sugar levels and cause type 2 diabetes. Having excess abdominal or belly fat can further increase your risk of developing diabetes. 

Other ways your weight can increase your risk of obesity is by changing metabolism. When you are overweight or obese, your metabolism changes, which can lead to reduced production of insulin by the pancreas, causing type 2 diabetes. 

When you are stressed, your body produces the stress hormone called cortisol. However, when your stress levels increase abnormally, it can lead to lower production of other hormones by the body, like that of insulin or the thyroid hormone. This can lead to abnormalities. When the body is unable to produce enough insulin, it can cause type 2 diabetes. 

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement             

New drug combination shows promise for common pediatric brain tumor

A new combination treatment aimed at resistant and recurrent low-grade gliomas slowed tumor growth and killed tumor cells in laboratory and mouse models. 

Researchers combined carboplatin, a standard chemotherapy drug that works well against these brain tumours, and everolimus, which blocks an enzyme called mTOR that was shown in earlier research to fuel the growth of these tumors. The combination increased DNA damage and cell death in laboratory models. 

Pediatric low-grade glioma is the most common brain tumour in children and can often be treated with surgery alone. However, some patients have tumors in locations that make surgery too risky, such as near optic nerves or in the mid-brain area, or have their tumors grow back after surgery.

An associate professor of oncology and pediatric brain tumor expert, says tumors recur in about 50 percent of patients treated for low-grade glioma and require additional treatment with chemotherapy. Recurring tumors are often resistant to chemotherapy. The researchers wondered whether combining carboplatin and everolimus would be more effective.

When treated with carboplatin alone, four different human cell lines of low grade glioma cancer cells did not respond to the drug or kept growing. Similarly, some cell lines were resistant to everolimus alone.

When they treated the same cell lines with a combination of carboplatin and everolimus, the cells died or grew slower, and the researchers saw similar results in mouse models with no added toxicity.
"We saw dramatic growth inhibition after only a low concentration of everolimus was combined with the carboplatin," says the Prof. "We found that everolimus disrupted a key mechanism the cancer cells use to detoxify carboplatin. The ability of everolimus to increase the power of carboplatin suggests this combination could be used effectively in patients."

In a previous clinical study in 2014, the researchers were able to confirm the safety of the mTOR-blocking drug everolimus in patients with pediatric low-grade glioma and found some patients responded to the medicine. However, they never tested tumor tissue from those patients to understand the molecular role of mTOR.

"The current nationwide clinical study of everolimus in pediatric low-grade glioma requires that some tumor tissue from each patient be evaluated for expression of mTOR markers that might predict response to everolimus," the Prof. says. "In this way, we hope to figure out who is most likely to respond to the drug, so that we can move closer to our goal of giving the right medicine to the right patient at the right time. In the future, we may be able to give everolimus along with carboplatin to patients with high-level mTOR expression. Based on our research, we predict that these tumors will likely be resistant to carboplatin unless we simultaneously block mTOR."

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                    PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/                                                                                                                                                         FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                  https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/           

                   FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com

Diabetes is made up of FIVE different conditions - not two, discover researchers

Diabetes is actually made up of five conditions, researchers have discovered.

For decades it has been considered to be two different forms - type one, an autoimmune disease in which people stop producing insulin, and type two, in which the body becomes resistant to insulin.

But now a major project in some Scandinavian has found type two diabetes should actually be categorised as four different diseases.

The researchers, said the findings should prompt a ‘paradigm shift’ in the way people treat diabetes.

They believe the more precise groupings- each of which are genetically distinct - will aid diagnosis, help tailor treatments and lead to proper precision medicines for the disease.

The researchers said type one should be renamed ‘severe autoimmune diabetes’.

And type two should be split into four categories, two serious and two mild.

The first of these - severe insulin-deficient diabetes - was shown to include people with high blood sugar, low insulin production and moderate insulin resistance.

Another type - severe insulin-resistant diabetes - is predominantly linked to obesity and severe insulin resistance.

Mild obesity-related diabetes includes obese patients, but is less serious and includes people who fall ill at a relatively young age.

And the final group, mild age-related diabetes, is the largest group, with 40 per cent of all patients, and consists mostly of elderly patients.

Diabetes is rapidly becoming Britain’s fastest growing health crisis, with the number of affected patients having doubled in 20 years to 3.7million.

The researchers, whose work is published in the journal, based their findings on 14,775 newly diagnosed patients in some countries.

Researcher  said: ‘This is the first step towards personalised treatment of diabetes.

‘Current diagnostics and classification of diabetes are insufficient and unable to predict future complications or choice of treatment.

‘Existing treatment guidelines are limited by the fact they respond to poor metabolic control when it has developed, but do not have the means to predict which patients will need intensified treatment.

‘This study moves us towards a more clinically useful diagnosis, and represents an important step towards precision medicine in diabetes.’ Dr. said: ‘Type one and type two diabetes are very different conditions, but we don’t yet know enough about the subtypes that could exist within them.

‘Finding those subtypes will help us personalise treatments and potentially reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications in the future.

‘This research takes a promising step toward breaking down type twp diabetes in more detail, but we still need to know more about these subtypes before we can understand what this means for people living with the condition.

‘For example, whether we’d find the same subtypes in people of different ethnicity or nationality.’  

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.    

PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                      
HTTP:GSEASYRECIPES.BLOGSPOT.COM/

FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                    

HTTP://KNEE REPLACEMENT-STICK CLUB.BLOGSPOT.COM/
FOR CROCHET DESIGNS
HTTP://MY CROCHET CREATIONS.BLOGSPOT.COM

Added sugar may increase heart disease risk in kids

Parents, take note! Children who eat food high in added sugars may develop risk factors for heart disease, such as an increased risk of obesity and elevated blood pressure, a new study has warned.

Children ages 2 to 18 should eat or drink less than six teaspoons - equivalent to about 100 calories or 25 grammes - of added sugars daily, researchers said.

"For most children, eating no more than six teaspoons of added sugars per day is a healthy and achievable target," said Miriam Vos from Emory University in the US.

Eating foods high in added sugars throughout childhood is linked to the development of risk factors for heart disease, such as an increased risk of obesity and elevated blood pressure in children and young adults, researchers said.

"Children who eat foods loaded with added sugars tend to eat fewer healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy products that are good for their heart health," said Vos.

The likelihood of children developing these health problems rises with an increase in the amount of added sugars consumed.

Overweight children who continue to take in more added sugars are more likely to be insulin resistant, a precursor to type 2 diabetes, researchers said.

ADVERTISEMENT

x

Added sugars are any sugars - including table sugar, fructose and honey - either used in processing and preparing foods or beverages, added to foods at the table or eaten separately.

According to researchers, added sugars should not be included at all in the diet of children under the age of 2 years.

The calorie needs of children in this age group are lower than older children and adults, so there is little room for food and beverages containing added sugars that do not provide them with good nutrition.

 In addition, taste preferences begin early in life, so limiting added sugars may help children develop a life-long preference for healthier foods.

"The best way to avoid added sugars in your child's diet is to serve mostly foods that are high in nutrition, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, lean meat, poultry and fish, and to limit foods with little nutritional value," said Vos.

Estimated calories needed by children range from 1,000 a day for a sedentary 2-year-old to 2,400 for an active 14-18-year-old girl and 3,200 for an active 16-18-year-old boy, researchers said.

"If your child is eating the right amount of calories to achieve or maintain a healthy body weight, there is not much room in their food "budget" for low-value junk foods, which is where most added sugars are found," said Vos.

The findings were published in the journal Circulation.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes

https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

Parents, take note! Children who eat food high in added sugars may develop risk factors for heart disease, such as an increased risk of obesity and elevated blood pressure, a new study has warned.

Children ages 2 to 18 should eat or drink less than six teaspoons - equivalent to about 100 calories or 25 grammes - of added sugars daily, researchers said.

"For most children, eating no more than six teaspoons of added sugars per day is a healthy and achievable target," sai ..

Read more at:
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/53827597.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst