What does developing type 2 diabetes entail? Know the causes, learn about the risks that follow

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic levels all around the world. Millions of people are suffering from this lifestyle disease. Type 1 diabetes, which is an auto-immune disease, also affects a considerable amount of people. Even when the diseases affect so many people, very few people are actually aware of what really goes on inside our body, which causes our blood sugar levels to increase abnormally. 

According to US National Library of Medicine of the US National Institutes of Health, "India is deemed as the world's capital of diabetes. The diabetic population in the country is close to hitting the alarming mark of 69.9 million by 2025 and 80 million by 2030." It is important to understand the causes and reasons behind the occurrence of diabetes, in order to be able to manage and treat it better. Here are the basics of why you get type 2 diabetes, and you should definitely know them.

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease. It is when our body's own immune system, designed to protect us against foreign bodies like germs which cause infection, attacks the cells of the pancreas that are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is the hormone which helps in the absorption of glucose by the cells of different organs in the body. In the absence or scarcity of insulin, cells are not able to absorb glucose, because of which it remains in the blood, and blood sugar sees a spike.
This could happen due to genes, environmental factors like a viral disease and infection. 

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes can happen when the pancreas in the body stops producing insulin, produce it in very less amount, or when the cells of organs become resistant to the insulin – a condition called insulin resistance. These conditions can happen due to lifestyle factors like the diet you follow, level of physical activity and habits like drinking and smoking. These conditions could also be a result of genes and environmental factors. 

Common factors that increase your risk of type 2 diabetes are obesity, stress, or conditions like pregnancy, and PCOS.

When a person is obese, the fat in the body sends 'pro-inflammatory' signals, as per a study. This reduces insulin sensitivity in the cells of the organs in the body, which can lead to a spike in blood sugar levels and cause type 2 diabetes. Having excess abdominal or belly fat can further increase your risk of developing diabetes. 

Other ways your weight can increase your risk of obesity is by changing metabolism. When you are overweight or obese, your metabolism changes, which can lead to reduced production of insulin by the pancreas, causing type 2 diabetes. 

When you are stressed, your body produces the stress hormone called cortisol. However, when your stress levels increase abnormally, it can lead to lower production of other hormones by the body, like that of insulin or the thyroid hormone. This can lead to abnormalities. When the body is unable to produce enough insulin, it can cause type 2 diabetes. 

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
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