What does developing type 2 diabetes entail? Know the causes, learn about the risks that follow

Type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic levels all around the world. Millions of people are suffering from this lifestyle disease. Type 1 diabetes, which is an auto-immune disease, also affects a considerable amount of people. Even when the diseases affect so many people, very few people are actually aware of what really goes on inside our body, which causes our blood sugar levels to increase abnormally. 

According to US National Library of Medicine of the US National Institutes of Health, "India is deemed as the world's capital of diabetes. The diabetic population in the country is close to hitting the alarming mark of 69.9 million by 2025 and 80 million by 2030." It is important to understand the causes and reasons behind the occurrence of diabetes, in order to be able to manage and treat it better. Here are the basics of why you get type 2 diabetes, and you should definitely know them.

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an auto-immune disease. It is when our body's own immune system, designed to protect us against foreign bodies like germs which cause infection, attacks the cells of the pancreas that are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is the hormone which helps in the absorption of glucose by the cells of different organs in the body. In the absence or scarcity of insulin, cells are not able to absorb glucose, because of which it remains in the blood, and blood sugar sees a spike.
This could happen due to genes, environmental factors like a viral disease and infection. 

What causes type 2 diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes can happen when the pancreas in the body stops producing insulin, produce it in very less amount, or when the cells of organs become resistant to the insulin – a condition called insulin resistance. These conditions can happen due to lifestyle factors like the diet you follow, level of physical activity and habits like drinking and smoking. These conditions could also be a result of genes and environmental factors. 

Common factors that increase your risk of type 2 diabetes are obesity, stress, or conditions like pregnancy, and PCOS.

When a person is obese, the fat in the body sends 'pro-inflammatory' signals, as per a study. This reduces insulin sensitivity in the cells of the organs in the body, which can lead to a spike in blood sugar levels and cause type 2 diabetes. Having excess abdominal or belly fat can further increase your risk of developing diabetes. 

Other ways your weight can increase your risk of obesity is by changing metabolism. When you are overweight or obese, your metabolism changes, which can lead to reduced production of insulin by the pancreas, causing type 2 diabetes. 

When you are stressed, your body produces the stress hormone called cortisol. However, when your stress levels increase abnormally, it can lead to lower production of other hormones by the body, like that of insulin or the thyroid hormone. This can lead to abnormalities. When the body is unable to produce enough insulin, it can cause type 2 diabetes. 

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Is turmeric the go-to spice for managing diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition that affects the body’s ability to process blood sugar, and if not kept under control can lead to an increased risk of stroke and/or a heart attack. A person is said to be diabetic when their blood sugar is excessively high and the insulin hormone produced in the pancreas — that breaks down the glucose — is either not made by the body or utilised well. The condition, if not managed well, can severely damage one’s eyes, kidneys and the overall health.

According to a World Health Organisation (WHO) estimate, 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes in 2016. It was the seventh-leading cause of death that year. But, it’s not all grim. The good news is that diabetes can be managed though a disciplined diet, regular screening and exercising.

Straight from the kitchen
When we talk about diet, we do not need to look beyond culinary wonders found in our own kitchen! Not many know that a dash of turmeric can actually do wonders in managing diabetes. A 2013 review of studies suggests that curcumin can decrease the level of glucose in blood, as well as other diabetes-related complications.

Made from the root curcuma longa, turmeric is the spice that towers above all other spices, as it has medical properties. Studies suggest that curcumin can decrease the glucose level in blood, improving the insulin function. Once the process begins, excess glucose in blood is able to reach the cells.

Consumption

Turmeric can be taken as a supplement, but it is always advisable to consult with your doctor first. To keep your blood sugar levels in check, take a pinch of ginger powder along with turmeric milk. This will help in improving your fasting blood sugar levels.

Additionally, various researches suggest that adding a pinch of cinnamon powder to turmeric milk can help lower insulin levels. The combination of spices can lower the insulin and triglycerides that are triggered by high-fat meals.

One can also mix a pinch of turmeric in two tablespoons of gooseberry(amla) juice and have it in the morning. Gooseberry is known to have anti-diabetic properties as it improves cholesterol levels in diabetes patients.
Piperine aka black pepper is a good accompaniment to turmeric.

Side effects and disadvantages 
While turmeric is safe for consumption, it should be noted that curcumin, which is the active component of turmeric, is slightly difficult to absorb. Though most people can tolerate turmeric, some might find that it doesn’t agree with their stomach. Others could have allergies. Its advised to start with a smaller dosage, after consulting an expert.

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