IS IT ANGINA OR A HEART ATTACK?

Chest discomfort/chest pain, also known as angina, is a major symptom of heart disease. Angina occurs when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen due to critical narrowing of coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This makes your heart cry out for more blood. And this cry is symptomised as chest pain. However, all chest pain is not angina.

HOW TO TELL
A different sensation: Classic angina is manifested with progressive tightness mid-chest, commonly described as a band around the chest or weight in the centre of the chest. Less commonly, there is pressure or squeezing. Some may also complain of suffocation, choking or breathlessness. The discomfort is diffused and deep-seated, best described as clenching a fist over the breastbone. Stabbing, pricking or other sharp and well-localised and transient chest pains are rarely due to angina. These could be due to indigestion or a muscle spasm. Anxiety may cause a dull aching, persistent pain around the left nipple, alternating with attacks of sharp, lancinating stabs lasting a few seconds. But it doesn't bear any relation to heart disease

It has triggers: Typically, angina has a regular pattern, and is brought upon by physical activity. This is stable angina. It is precipitated by physical exertion, developing gradually and increasing progressively as the activity is continued. Angina may also be aggravated by emotional stress and excitement. This is because suddenly your heart muscle requires more blood flow than can be supplied through the obstructed artery. Angina may appear more easily in the morning soon after waking up for the same reason. Rest relieves angina within a few minutes. It is rare for stable angina to persist beyond 30 minutes.The trigger is an important way to decode angina. Why? Because occasionally, discomfort or pain may be localised to sites of radiation such as the inner left arm, shoulders, lower jaw, teeth, neck or upper back without chest pain. Also, there may be other angina equivalents such as breathlessness, nausea, belching, heartburn, sweating and dizziness on physical exertion. More common in seniors and diabetics, the relation of physical activity helps to detect angina in them. Apart from activity, heavy meals and exposure to cold weather and cigarette smoke also seem to precipitate angina.Do keep in mind that as the coronary artery blockage advances, chest pains may occur more easily, more frequently and may last longer than before. Pains may persist despite rest or may even occur during rest or sleep. This is called unstable angina.

Nitroglycerine helps: Stable angina generally subsides within 10 minutes of keeping a nitroglycerine tablet under the tongue. Chest pain that is relieved after more than 10 minutes is either not angina or unstable angina. Unstable angina requires hospitalisation and measures to minimise the risk of heart attack. Sometimes, chest pain due to inflammation or spasm of the food pipe may be relieved by nitroglycerine; but this kind of pain has a burning sensation and may be aggravated by meals and lying down and relieved with milk, antacids or even light physical activity.

IS IT ANGINA OR A HEART ATTACK?
Heart attack occurs when there is complete cessation of blood flow across a coronary artery, making the heart scream with pain. Typically, the character of chest pain during a heart attack is quite similar to angina. But here's how to tell the difference between the two and take action immediately. Severe chest pain or discomfort that is becoming worse or lasts longer than 20 minutes. Pain or discomfort accompanied by profound weakness, nausea, profuse sweating, giddiness or fainting.  Pain or discomfort that does not go away even after several (>3) nitroglycerine tablets.

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How to differentiate a good pain from bad pain?

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Pain is a signal from the body that something is amiss. Pain is a sharp or dull feeling triggered in the nervous system.

Once you take care of the existing problem - an external wound - the pain disappears. Sometimes, the ache goes on for weeks, even years. This is called chronic pain, and can be caused due to an ongoing problem, such as arthritis. Knowing when it is something that you can live with, or one that needs urgent medical attention is crucial.

SHOULDER

Safe ache: If you experience pain in your shoulder or a sudden catch while lifting something, you may have strained or, perhaps, injured the rotator cuff muscles (responsible for balancing the shoulder). It may start out as a simple impingement syndrome, one of the common causes of shoulder ache. This occurs when the shoulder blade puts pressure on the rotator-cuff muscles. For simple strains, apply ice and avoid overhead activities. Anti-inflammatories usually resolve the problem.

Bad ache: If your shoulder feels as if it's coming out of the socket or there is extreme pain and swelling, it may be a tear or other serious injury, which must be evaluated by a doctor. Arthritis or bursitis could also be responsible.

KNEE

Safe ache: For the most part, knee injuries are rarely an emergency unless you're lifting heavy weights and tear something. Pain while walking down stairs, for example, is often due to patellofemoral problems, during which you feel discomfort behind the kneecap and a grating sound in the knee if the leg is extended straight. You can work through it by avoiding exercises that trigger the pain or skip taking the stairs.

Bad ache: Hearing a pop at the time of the injury, significant swelling within the knee can indicate a serious injury and should be checked by a sports-medicine doctor. These symptoms indicate a possible torn ligament or meniscus tear ache that hurts while climbing. Pain while walking down the stairs is often due to patellofemoral issues, during which you feel discomfort behind the kneecap and hear a creaky sound in the knee if the leg is extended straight.

MID-BACK AND UPPER-BACK

Safe ache: Picking up a heavy suitcase and feeling a twinge between your shoulder blades could be a sign of bad lifting technique. Lifting too quickly can also cause a tweak of the spine, although sometimes, neck problems create referred pain to the shoulder blades.

Bad ache: See an orthopedic if you experience sharp pain, or have difficulty breathing. It could suggest a more serious condition, such as a thoracic herniated disc. Sometimes, pain between your shoulder blades is an unusual sign of a heart attack.

LOWER-BACK

Safe ache: Discomfort in the lower back is often a muscle strain or a sign of mental and emotional stress. For mild pain, avoid strenuous workout regimes, sitting long hours on the chair or running on a steep slope, and steer clear of stressful situations. Rest, ice, stretching, and meditation are enough to resolve the problem.

Bad ache: Patients should see a doctor if they experience low back pain as a result of severe trauma, or if it is accompanied by fever and chills, and sudden incontinence. Pain accompanied by nerve symptoms such as numbness or tingling down the leg and weakness indicate that a herniated disc may be causing pressure on a nerve root.

HIP

Safe ache: Hip pain should never be ignored. Pain felt in the groin comes from the hip joint itself (the ball-and-socket part of the joint) or the femoral neck (the top of the leg bone). Repetitive activity can cause bursitis and pain on the outside of the hip, and a pain in the buttocks may be nerve-related or result from a lower-spine condition.

Bad ache: Sometimes, pain from other areas of the body, such as the back or groin (from a hernia), can radiate to the hip. Along with the pain, you might have a reduced range of motion. You might notice that your pain gets worse with activity, especially if it's caused by arthritis. Some people develop a limp from persistent hip pain.

ACHILLES TENDON

Safe ache: High-impact movement like dance that requires you to do high jumps can cause pain in the Achilles tendon. This is the largest tendon in the body, which connects the calf muscle to the heel. It mostly refers to a sore muscle. If you experience pain and swelling near your heel that worsens with activity, you may have Achilles tendonitis. Resting and stretching the calf muscle helps.

Bad ache: Swelling and symptoms that worsen with walking on uneven surfaces, may be signs of a partially torn Achilles. Other signs may spark while walking up stairs, running, jumping, hopping or when performing heel raises. Do not delay seeing a doctor.

ANKLE STRAINS

Safe ache: Your ankle often pays the price for the wrong exercise moves. It can cause mild to severe sprains of the ligaments on the ankle's exterior. For any sprain, avoid walking and treat it with rest, ice, compression and elevation.

Bad ache: If you can't keep weight on your ankle, see a doctor for an X-rays.   

Gastric Obstruction – Causes, Symptoms & Treatments

Your bowels are tasked with removing waste and toxins from our body, as well as absorbing salts, liquids, nutrients, indigestible vitamins. They do it to extract all possible nutrients that weren’t digested in the stomach and maintain the balance of electrolytes in our system.

When your bowels are not functioning well, they collect the waste and toxins they’re supposed to get rid of, resulting in various diseases and health issues. If left undiagnosed and untreated, obstructed bowels lead to kidney and liver-related health problems. In this article, you’ll learn all you need to know about bowel obstruction, symptoms that should serve as warning signals, and the natural home remedies needed to fix and prevent it.

What causes gastric obstructions?

The reasons for obstructed bowels are plentiful, such as hernias, cysts, tumors, etc. Another reason is overeating foods that are harmful to our bodies, such as food rich in preservatives and other chemicals. These chemicals lead to a buildup of mucus in the guts, which releases toxins that can damage the body. Another cause is a buildup of fecal matter or foreign bodies in the lower intestine.

Bezoars can also cause gastric obstructions. Bezoars are a fibrous lump that forms in the stomach, and the most common type is formed of undigested pieces of food. They are mainly composed out of plant cellulose, most common in unripe fruit and persimmons.

Men are in a higher risk group for contracting phytobezoars in their stomachs, with symptoms that include upper gastric pains, feeling full soon after beginning to eat, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite and loss of weight. Symptoms only appear in 10-25% of the cases, making phytobezoars hard to diagnose, and can lead to gastric obstructions.

What happens when your gastrointestinal system is obstructed?

When the small intestine is blocked, it will begin contracting in order to move its content beyond the obstruction, which can lead to frequent diarrhea. In later stages, it will become less effective, causing a buildup of water and electrolytes that can lead to dehydration.

The obstruction will also create pressure on the intestinal walls, and if left untreated – will only get worse. This can lead to venous drainage obstruction, a rising of the diaphragm, and a suppression of the lungs’ function. The obstruction itself will aid in the bacterial buildup, in particular, E-Coli, Klebsiella, and Enterococcus Faecalis. The bacteria colonies will grow very quickly, increasing the chances of gangrene and intestinal punctures.

Patients lose their ability to pass feces and gasses along the intestine, causing swelling and increasing stomach pains. The large intestine will expand due to the buildup of bacterium, liquids, feces and gasses.

Which symptoms can indicate an obstruction?

Symptoms can be evidence of obstruction caused be stomach cramping or phytobezoars. Once you notice these symptoms, it is recommended that you pay a visit to your family doctor, to evaluate the nature of the obstruction. Not all symptoms may appear, but they will appear in these general groups:

• Constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, lethargy and swelling.
• Headaches, memory loss, blurred vision.
• Burning sensation in the upper digestive system.
• Weight gain, lack of energy and indigestion.
• Ulcers in the stomach and Duodenum, ulcerative colitis and stomach inflammation.
• Urinary tract infections and inflammation of the kidneys.
• Constant colds, allergies, joint pains and chronic diseases.

Treatments:

The most basic treatment is hooking the patient up to an IV, which can only be performed by a doctor. In some cases, the obstructions can be relieved by using a nasogastric tube, and in severe cases, an operation will be required. An enema may help in some cases, but if performed incorrectly – can lead to internal bleeding.

The simplest, natural treatment for intestinal obstruction is eating 1-3 tablespoons of flax seeds, combined with 100-15ml of Kefir (a type of fermented milk drink) for three days. Flax seeds help the body dispose of fecal matter, mucus and parasites. Additionally, flax seeds can help prevent several forms of cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, and even help lower cholesterol levels. Kefir contains many probiotic bacteria, enzymes, vitamin B12 and proteins, all of which are good for your body. Kefir also helps in restoring the gastric biome and is lactose-free.

To clear your intestines from obstructions, add kefir and flax seeds to your breakfast in this manner:

• 1st week: 100ml of kefir and one tablespoon of flax seeds
• 2nd week: 100ml of kefir and two tablespoons of flax seeds
• 3rd week: 150ml of kefir and three tablespoons of flax seeds

Additionally, drink at least two liters of water every day.

Prevention:

The best way to unblock a phytobezoar obstruction is by eating food that is high in protein and low in fiber. Once the blockage is gone, follow these dietary tips to heal and prevent reoccurrences.

• Beverages: It is advised that you keep your body well hydrated. Drink fruit-shakes, water, and sports drinks that are rich in electrolytes. Avoid high-fat dairy.
• Dairy: Stick to low-fat or fat-free products.
• Grains and bread: Fiber from whole grain tends to slow down the digestive process. Focus on plain white bread, pasta, and regular grain.
• Fruits and vegetables: Boiled or canned fruits and vegetables are the way to go. Avoid eating the skin. Watermelon, melons, and bananas can be consumed fresh. Avoid high-fiber fruits and vegetables.
• Meat and meat substitutes: Protein is essential to the healing process. Stick to skinless chicken or turkey meat. Other kinds of lean meat, such as fish, eggs and tofu are also good.
• Other: Avoid fried foods and use as little butter as possible. Boiled or steamed foods are the most recommended. Minimize the use of seasoning and fatty sauces and dressings.
•  
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Swollen neck glands may indicate cancer

Persistent swollen neck glands indicate a high risk of lymphoma, a type of cancer, according to a new research.

The findings suggested that those patients with unexplained swollen neck glands should be referred for specialist investigations.

"Our research has revealed the importance of persistent swollen lymph glands, particularly in the neck, as part of cancer," said professor Willie Hamilton from University of Exeter Medical School in Britain.

"Of course swollen glands are common with throat infections, but in cancer, they are usually larger and painless. It has been known for a long time that this could represent cancer - this study shows that the risk is higher than previously thought," Hamilton noted.

Each year, more than 14,500 people in Britain are diagnosed with a form of lymphoma, and nearly 5,000 die from the disease, according to the researchers.

The researchers from University of Exeter Medical School worked with colleagues in Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Bangor in two associated studies.

Both papers focussed on patients over the age of 40. The first was a large-scale assessment of symptoms which were markers of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. The team used data from 4,799 cases, with more than 19,000 controls.

The second study assessed 283 patients over the age of 40 with Hodgkin Lymphoma, comparing them with 1,237 control cases.

The findings were remarkably similar in both studies - demonstrating the importance of swollen lymph glands - particularly in the neck.

No blood tests were really helpful in confirming or refuting the diagnosis.

The study was published in the British Journal of General Practice.

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