Implantable device using light to treat bladder problems developed

A team of neuroscientists and engineers has developed a soft, implantable device that can detect over-activity in the bladder and then use light from tiny, bio-integrated LEDs to tamp down the urge to urinate.

In a minor surgical procedure, the researchers implant a soft, stretchy belt-like device around the bladder. The researchers also inject proteins called opsins into the animals' bladders. The opsins are carried by a virus that binds to nerve cells in the bladder, making those cells sensitive to light signals. This allows the researchers to use optogenetics, the use of light to control cell behavior in living tissue, to activate those cells.

Using blue-tooth communication to signal an external hand-held device, the scientists can read information in real time; and using a simple algorithm, they detect when the bladder is full, when the animal has emptied its bladder, and when bladder emptying is occurring too frequently.

"When the bladder is emptying too often, the external device sends a signal that activates micro-LEDs on the bladder band device, and the lights then shine on sensory neurons in the bladder. This reduces the activity of the sensory neurons and restores normal bladder function," said  a professor of anesthesiology  and one of the study's senior investigators.

The researchers believe a similar strategy could work in people. They expect to test similar devices in larger animals. They also believe the strategy could be used in other parts of the body, say treating chronic pain, or using light to stimulate cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin.

But, one hurdle involves the viruses used to get light-sensitive proteins to bind to cells in organs.

"We don't yet know whether we can achieve stable expression of the opsins using the viral approach and, more importantly, whether this will be safe over the long term," the researcher said.

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Various Cancer Signs and Symptoms

1)Change in bowel habits or bladder function
Long-term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may be a sign of colon cancer.
Pain when passing urine, blood in the urine, or a change in bladder function (such as needing to pass urine more or less often than usual) could be related to bladder or prostate cancer.

2) Sores that do not heal
Skin cancers may bleed and look like sores that don’t heal.
A long-lasting sore in the mouth could be an oral cancer. 

3) White patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue
White patches inside the mouth and white spots on the tongue may be leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a pre-cancerous area that’s caused by frequent irritation. Any long-lasting mouth changes should be checked by a doctor or dentist right away.

4) Unusual bleeding or discharge
Unusual bleeding can happen in early or advanced cancer. Coughing up blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.
Blood in the stool (which can look like very dark or black stool) could be a sign of colon or rectal cancer.
Cancer of the cervix or the endometrium (lining of the uterus) can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Blood in the urine may be a sign of bladder or kidney cancer.

5) Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts of the body
Many cancers can be felt through the skin. These cancers occur mostly in the breast, testicle, lymph nodes (glands), and the soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early or late sign of cancer and should be reported to a doctor, especially if you’ve just found it or notice it has grown in size.

6) Recent change in a wart or mole or any new skin change
Any wart, mole, or freckle that changes color, size, or shape, or that loses its sharp border should be seen by a doctor right away. Any other skin changes should be reported, too. A skin change may be a melanoma which, if found early, can be treated successfully.

7) Nagging cough or hoarseness
A cough that does not go away may be a sign of lung cancer.
Hoarseness can be a sign of cancer of the voice box (larynx) or thyroid gland.

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9 signs that spell cancer!

They are common symptoms and can be passed off as your body getting to grips with every day tiredness.

But experts warn that if you notice any other major changes in the way your body functions or feels, you should see a doctor, especially if the changes persist or get worse.

It may not be cancer, but any major change in your body is cause for concern.

UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS
If you are losing weight because you are dieting or exercising, that's fine. But if you find yourself losing weight with no change in your lifestyle habits, this is an unexplained weight loss and it can be associated with several cancers including those of the pancreas and stomach. .

FEVER
A persistent fever may be an early sign of blood cancers like lymphoma or leukaemia. If you experience persistent fever, you should see a doctor. Even if it's not cancer, it must be treated seriously. PAIN Although pain can have many causes, persistent headaches can be an early sign of brain cancer and back pain can be a sign of rectal or ovarian cancer. If you start experiencing persistent pain, talk to your GP.
 

A NAGGING COUGH
If you notice a cough or hoarseness that just won't go away, it could be a sign of lung or larynx cancer. It is more likely that you are experiencing seasonal allergies, but run tests to be sure.

LUMPS IN THE BODY
If you find lumps in your skin, go see a dermat. Be especially wary of lumps in the breast, testicles, or near lymph nodes. Don't freak out if you find lumps on your arms, legs, or other parts of the body though. They might just be harmless sebaceous cysts.

UNUSUAL BLEEDING
Abnormal bleeding is one of many signs of cancer. Coughing up blood can mean lung cancer, blood in the stool can mean colon or rectal cancer, blood in urine can mean bladder cancer, persistent vaginal bleeding could point to cervical cancer, and blood discharge from the nipple can mean breast cancer.

CHANGES IN BLADDER FUNCTION
If you experience pain when urinating, blood in your urine, or other changes, such as needing to go more or less often, these could be symptoms of bladder or prostate cancer. Besides, if you observe a long-term change in your bowel function, like persistent diarrhea or constipation, it may be a symptom of colon cancer. Catching it early with a colonoscopy could save your life.

SORES THAT NEVER HEAL
If you have a persistent sore or sores that don't seem to heal, you should get them checked out by a doctor right away. Sores inside the mouth can be signs of an oral cancer.

CHANGES ON YOUR SKIN
If you notice any changes on a wart or mole on your body, or any other changes on your skin, this could be a sign of melanoma, also known as skin cancer. See a dermatologist right away. It can be treated easily if it's detected early.

FATIGUE
Constant fatigue that does not get better with rest can be a sign of cancer. This is a tricky one because a lot of people feel fatigue for completely different reasons. But if you start feeling tired all the time you should get yourself checked. 
 THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.






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