Various Cancer Signs and Symptoms

1)Change in bowel habits or bladder function
Long-term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may be a sign of colon cancer.
Pain when passing urine, blood in the urine, or a change in bladder function (such as needing to pass urine more or less often than usual) could be related to bladder or prostate cancer.

2) Sores that do not heal
Skin cancers may bleed and look like sores that don’t heal.
A long-lasting sore in the mouth could be an oral cancer. 

3) White patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue
White patches inside the mouth and white spots on the tongue may be leukoplakia. Leukoplakia is a pre-cancerous area that’s caused by frequent irritation. Any long-lasting mouth changes should be checked by a doctor or dentist right away.

4) Unusual bleeding or discharge
Unusual bleeding can happen in early or advanced cancer. Coughing up blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.
Blood in the stool (which can look like very dark or black stool) could be a sign of colon or rectal cancer.
Cancer of the cervix or the endometrium (lining of the uterus) can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Blood in the urine may be a sign of bladder or kidney cancer.

5) Thickening or lump in the breast or other parts of the body
Many cancers can be felt through the skin. These cancers occur mostly in the breast, testicle, lymph nodes (glands), and the soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early or late sign of cancer and should be reported to a doctor, especially if you’ve just found it or notice it has grown in size.

6) Recent change in a wart or mole or any new skin change
Any wart, mole, or freckle that changes color, size, or shape, or that loses its sharp border should be seen by a doctor right away. Any other skin changes should be reported, too. A skin change may be a melanoma which, if found early, can be treated successfully.

7) Nagging cough or hoarseness
A cough that does not go away may be a sign of lung cancer.
Hoarseness can be a sign of cancer of the voice box (larynx) or thyroid gland.

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Vitiligo- signs and treatments

If you see continual and long-term white patches of de-pigmentation on your skin, it could be vitiligo. Vitiligo is a condition that appears when melanocytes in your skin are no more alive. This bunch of cells is responsible for producing the melanin pigment that endows the skin with its colour as well as protects it from the harmful UV rays. The area which may be affected by this dermatological disease varies from person to person, and it can also affect the hair, mouth and eyes as well. In most cases, the vitiligo affected area stays discoloured for the rest of the patient’s life.
Various types of vitiligo and their symptoms
Scientists have classified vitiligo into two types: segmental and non-segmental. The non-segmental vitiligo is the most common variant and 90 percent of vitiligo affected patients suffer from this kind of disorder. In this disease, the patches take place with little symmetry on both sides of the body. It can be further broken down into 5 sub-divisions.

1. Generalised vitiligo: It can occur at any part of the body without any rules, and this is by far the most common type.
2. Acrofacial vitiligo: It is mostly seen on the toes and fingers.
3. Mucosal vitiligo: In this condition, the discolouration normally takes place around the lips and mucous membranes.
4. Universal vitiligo: This is the rarest type of vitiligo where the whole body is covered in white patches.
5. Focal vitiligo: This is most commonly found in children. The children have white and scattered patches across the body.

Possible treatments for vitiligo
Though there are no treatments possible that will re-pigment your skin to its original colour, there are several remedies that aid in decreasing the visibility of white patches on the affected areas of the skin. Some of them include:

1. Phototherapy with UVB radiation: This is a common form of treatment where the affected area is exposed to UVB radiation and can be performed at home too. If you have large white spots across the body, it is important to have the treatment performed by an expert at any healthcare centre.
2. Phototherapy with UVA radiation: In this treatment, a drug is first administered for increasing skin’s sensitivity to this radiation. Then the affected area of the skin is exposed to high doses of UVA radiation.
3. Skin camouflage: In mild cases of vitiligo, cosmetic creams and make-up can be used to camouflage the affected area. It can last for about 12- 18 hours when applied in proper techniques.

Take the opinion of an expert for the best possible treatment for your type of problem.

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Some cancer symptoms which women ignore

1) Unexplained Weight Loss

Though losing weight is good, unexplained weight loss -- say 10 pounds in a month without an increase in exercise or a decrease in food intake -- should be checked out. Unexplained weight loss is cancer unless proven not  or, turn out to be an overactive thyroid.

Expect your doctor to run tests to check the thyroid and perhaps order a CT scan of different organs. The doctor needs to rule out the possibilities, one by one.

2) Bloating  is so common that many women just live with it. But it could point to ovarian cancer. Other symptoms of ovarian cancer include abdominal pain or pelvic pain, feeling full quickly -- even when you haven't eaten much -- and urinary problems, such as having an urgent need to go to the bathroom.

If  bloating  persists for more than a few weeks, you should consult your physician. Expect your doctor to take a careful history and order a CT scan and blood tests, among others.

3) Breast Changes

Most women know their breasts well, even if they don't do regular self-exams, and know to be on the lookout for lumps. But that's not the only breast symptom that could point to cancer. Redness and thickening of the skin on the breast, which could indicate a very rare but aggressive form of breast cancer, inflammatory breast cancer, also needs to be examined. If you have a rash that persists over weeks, you have to get it evaluated.

Likewise, if the look of a nipple changes, or if you notice discharge (and aren’tbreastfeeding), see your doctor. "If it's outgoing normally and turns in, that's not a good sign.  It's the change in appearance that could be a worrisome symptom.

If you have breast changes, expect your doctor to take a careful history, examine the breast, and order tests such as a mammogram, ultrasound, MRI, and perhaps a biopsy.

 4) Between-Period Bleeding or Other Unusual Bleeding

'Premenopausal women tend to ignore between-period bleeding. They also tend to ignore bleeding from the GI tract, mistakenly thinking it is from their period. But between-period bleeding, especially if you are typically regular, needs checking out. So does bleeding after menopause, as it could be a symptom of endometrial cancer.

 5)GI bleeding could be a symptom of colorectal cancer.

 6) Skin Changes

Most of us know to look for any changes in moles -- a well-known sign of skin cancer, also watch for changes in skin pigmentation.

If you suddenly develop bleeding on your skin or excessive scaling, that should be checked. It's difficult to say how long is too long to observe skin changes before you go to the doctor, but most experts say not longer than several weeks.

7) Difficulty Swallowing

If you have difficulty swallowing,  that difficulty could be a sign of a GI cancer, such as in the esophagus.

Expect your doctor to take a careful history and order tests such as a chest X-ray or exams of the GI tract.

8) Blood in the Wrong Place

If you notice blood in your urine or your stool, don’t assume it's from a hemorrhoid,it could be colon cancer.

Expect your doctor to ask questions and perhaps order testing such as a colonoscopy, an exam of the colon to look for cancer.

Seeing blood in the toilet bowl may actually be from the vagina if a woman is menstruating. But if not, it should be checked to rule out bladder or kidney cancer.

Coughing up blood should be evaluated. One occasion of blood in the wrong place may not point to anything,  but if it happens more than once, go see your doctor.

9) Gnawing Abdominal Pain and Depression

Any woman who's got a pain in the abdomen and is feeling depressed needs a checkup. Some researchers have found a link between depression and pancreatic cancer, but it's a poorly understood connection.

10) Indigestion

Indigestion for no apparent reason may be a red flag. It could be an early clue to cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or throat.

Expect your doctor to take a careful history and ask questions about the indigestion before deciding which tests to order, if any.

11)  Mouth Changes

Smokers should be especially alert for any white patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue.  Both can point to a precancerous condition called leukoplakia that can progress to oral cancer.

Ask your dentist or doctor to take a look and decide what should be done next.

12) Pain

As people age they seem to complain more of various aches and pains, but pain, as vague as it may be, can also be an early symptom of some cancers, although most pain complaints are not from cancer.Pain that persists and is unexplained needs to be checked out.

13 )Changes in the Lymph Nodes

If you notice a lump or swelling in the lymph nodes under your armpit or in your neck -- or anywhere else -- it could be worrisome. If the lymph node gets progressively larger, and been longer than a month, see a doctor. Your doctor will examine you and figure out any associated issues (such as infection) that could explain the lymph node enlargement. If there are none, your doctor will typically order a biopsy.