Biological age of humans reversed by years in groundbreaking study, scientists suggest

Scientists might be able to reverse process of ageing, a new study suggests.

Volunteers who were given a cocktail of drugs for a year actually “aged backwards”, losing an average of 2.5 years from their biological ages, according to the new study. The research showed that the marks on their genomes that represent their " epigenetic clock ", as well as their immune systems, actually improved despite the passing of time.

The scientists involved in the study were shocked by the results. 

“I’d expected to see slowing down of the clock, but not a reversal,” told the researcher who first reported the findings. “That felt kind of futuristic.”

Scientists caution that the study was done with a very limited number of participants: only nine people took the drug cocktail, and there was no control group. But if it is confirmed by further research it could have huge impacts on healthcare, the treatment of disease and how people think about ageing.

In the study, participants were given a growth hormone and two diabetes medications. Scientists then monitored the test subjects’ epigenetic clocks, to understand the effect on how they aged.

The epigenetic clock is measured by the body’s epigenome – a record of chemical changes to an organism’s DNA. As people age, chemical modifications or tags are added to people’s DNA, and those change throughout their lives, so by looking at those tags a person’s biological age can be measured.

Researchers had actually intended to look at how the growth hormone would change the tissue in the thymus gland, which helps with the body’s immune functions and sits in the chest. It normally shrinks after puberty but they hoped to see whether it could be pushed to regrow, by giving participants the growth hormone.

It was only as a secondary consideration that researchers then checked how the drugs changed their epigenetic clocks. The study had finished when the analysis began.


Professor Horvath then looked at four different measures of the epigenetic clock to understand the differing ages of each of the patients. And he found that every one of them had reversed significantly – so significantly that he is optimistic about the results, despite the limited number of participants.

Scientists now hope to test the same effects with more people, through a controlled study, and with different age groups, ethnicities and with women.

The changes could still be seen in the blood of six participants who provided samples long after the study finished.

Some of the drugs used in the cocktail are already being researched as ways of fighting age-related diseases. But the discovery of the combined effect of the three of them could have major implications for the ways that a variety of different drugs are tested, scientists say.

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Fatty liver disease can sometimes lead to liver cancer

In a new study, researchers have discovered important differences in the biological pathways that lead to cancer for alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings of the study, could benefit more than 3 million people diagnosed with the fatty liver disease each year. The build-up of fat in the liver known as fatty liver disease sometimes leads to hard-to-treat liver cancer.

Scientists have not been able to understand why the cancer risk is higher for fatty liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption than for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

"We want to find out the key factors and pathways that lead to liver cancer in fatty liver patients so we can slow or even prevent the liver cancer. It is estimated that this type of liver cancer is responsible for 250,000 to 1 million deaths each year," said the author who conducted the study.

In the study, the researchers examined expression levels of proteins in liver biopsies from a group of patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease and a group with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The proteins studied are involved in epigenetic regulation, which controls gene expression, and inflammation, which plays an important role in the disease.

The researchers observed that the two groups of patients showed significant differences in the expression of proteins involved in epigenetic regulators and inflammation.

Importantly, these differences matched the ratio of liver cancer development seen for the two groups."If through additional studies, we can prove that the molecules and pathways we identified modulate liver cancer development in the alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, it may help identify new targets for preventing or reducing the risk of liver cancer that arises from other liver diseases," he said.

The researchers plan to perform additional experiments in animal models of fatty liver disease to learn more about how epigenetic regulation and inflammation pathways lead to liver cancer. 

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Early Baldness Can Trigger Risk of Heart Disease

Once it was said that bald men look attractive ! But now when you read about baldness and heart problems, it makes you wonder, what is good and what isn't? Are you losing hair? Or facing premature graying? You may have a reason to worry, not just about your lost hair but for your possibly deteriorating heart health too. Male pattern baldness and premature graying, may prove to be a severe risk factor for heart disease in men under 40, suggests a new study.The study,  examined more than 2,000 young men . The findings revealed, that several men had coronary artery disease were prematurely bald or grey than men with a full head of hair.

The team studied 790 men under 40 who had coronary artery disease and 1,270 healthy men of a similar age, who acted as a control group. For the study, the team took clinical history of all the participants. These participants were then marked on their levels of male pattern baldness - the common type of hair loss that develops in most men at some stage - and hair whitening. The findings were then correlated with the severity of heart disease symptoms.

It was found that men with the heart condition were more likely to have gone prematurely grey - 50% compared with 30% of the healthy group - more than five times the risk of the control group. The findings also revealed, that the heart condition group were also more likely to have male pattern baldness - 49% against 27% of those in the healthy group - a 5.6 times greater risk. Yet obesity was associated with only a fourfold increased risk of the disease.

The possible reason could be the process of biological ageing, which may be faster in certain patients, which is reflected in hair changes, said one of the principal investigators of the study.

Similar correlations had been made before, in previous studies too and the link must be studied in greater detail. But ageing and hair graying are factors you can't modify. Whereas you can modify your lifestyle and risk factors such as high cholesterol and blood pressure and they must be given their due emphasis.

You can manage a significant part of your heart health with the kind of diet you take too. These heart-friendly foods must make way to your diet today.
1. Oats: Oats are said to contain a type of fiber that helps to bind bile acids and expel them from the body. These bile acids are made from cholesterol.
2. Nuts: These nuts have high amounts of unsaturated fats, which is good for the heart as it helps in reducing the inflammation of the arteries. A handful of nuts every day, would help keep heart problems at bay.
3. Berries: These fruits are packed with antioxidants and help to significantly reduce blood pressure. They also boost the good HDL cholesterol levels, and thus help in your endeavour towards a healthy heart.
4. Salmon: Go for salmon, a cold-water fish that boasts of abundant amounts of omega 3 fatty acids, which are great to promote a healthy heart.
5. Legumes: Legumes are great for the heart and have antioxidants, proteins and fiber. They are also a great source to get your folate requirement from and also help in increasing the platelet activity.
A good and balanced diet can go a long way in making sure your heart remains strong and healthy.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.   

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