Some people with Parkinson’s disease may be born with disordered brain cells

According to a recent study, some people who develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease before they reach the age of fifty may have brain development disorder even before their birth. The disease can go undetected for 30-40 years before showing the symptoms, it added.

Parkinson’s occurs when brain neurons that make dopamine, a substance that helps coordinate muscle movement, become impaired or die.

According to a new Cedars-Sinai research, there is a particular drug that might potentially help correct these disease processes.

Symptoms, which get worse over time, include slowness of movement, rigid muscles, tremors and loss of balance. In most cases, the exact cause of neuron failure is unclear, and there is no known cure

Michele Tagliati, who was a co-author of the study said: “Young-onset Parkinson’s is especially heartbreaking because it strikes people at the prime of life. This exciting new research provides hope that one day we may be able to detect and take early action to prevent this disease in at-risk individuals.”

To perform the study, the research team generated special stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), from cells of patients with young-onset Parkinson’s disease. This process involves taking adult blood cells “back in time” to a primitive embryonic state.

“Our technique gave us a window back in time to see how well the dopamine neurons might have functioned from the very start of a patient’s life,” said the study’s senior author, Clive Svendsen.

The researchers detected two key abnormalities in the dopamine neurons in the dish. One was the accumulation of a protein called alpha-synuclein, which occurs in most forms of Parkinson’s disease

The other abnormality was the malfunctioning lysosomes, cell structures that act as ‘trash cans’ for the cell to break down and dispose of proteins. This malfunction could cause alpha-synuclein to build-up.

Shlomo Melmed, a dean of the Medical Faculty at Cedars-Sinai said: “This research is an outstanding example of how physicians and investigators from different disciplines join forces to produce translational science with the potential to help patients. This important work is made possible by the dual leadership of Cedars-Sinai as both a distinguished academic institution and an outstanding hospital.
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Early exposure to chmeicals in toothpaste, make-up advances girls’ puberty

Girls exposed to chemicals commonly found in toothpaste, makeup, soap and other personal care products before birth may hit puberty at an early age, finds a new study.

The study found that in-vitro exposure to chemicals in personal care products such as phthalates — found in scented products like perfumes, soaps and shampoos — parabens — used as preservatives in cosmetics — and phenols — which include triclosan — advances pubertal age in girls.

Early puberty in girls have been linked with increased risk of mental illness, breast and ovarian cancer; and testicular cancer in boys.

However, the association was not observed in boys.

“We know that some of the things we put on our bodies are getting into our bodies, either because they pass through the skin or we breathe them in or we inadvertently ingest them,” said a Prof.

“We wanted to know what effect exposure to these chemicals has during certain critical windows of development, which include before birth and during puberty,” the Prof. added.

For the study,  the team included 338 children — 159 boys and 179 girls.

The findings showed that more than 90 per cent of urine samples of both mothers and children showed detectable concentrations of phthalates, parabens and phenols.

However, there was an exception of triclosan which was present in approximately 70 per cent of the samples.

Every time the concentrations of diethyl phthalate and triclosan in the mother’s urine doubled, pubertal development in girls advanced approximately by one month.

In addition, girls who had higher concentrations of parabens in their urine at age nine also experienced puberty at younger ages.

However, it is unclear if the chemicals were causing the shift, or if girls who reached puberty earlier were more likely to start using personal care products at younger ages, the researchers noted, adding the need for more studies.
  
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