Some people with Parkinson’s disease may be born with disordered brain cells

According to a recent study, some people who develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease before they reach the age of fifty may have brain development disorder even before their birth. The disease can go undetected for 30-40 years before showing the symptoms, it added.

Parkinson’s occurs when brain neurons that make dopamine, a substance that helps coordinate muscle movement, become impaired or die.

According to a new Cedars-Sinai research, there is a particular drug that might potentially help correct these disease processes.

Symptoms, which get worse over time, include slowness of movement, rigid muscles, tremors and loss of balance. In most cases, the exact cause of neuron failure is unclear, and there is no known cure

Michele Tagliati, who was a co-author of the study said: “Young-onset Parkinson’s is especially heartbreaking because it strikes people at the prime of life. This exciting new research provides hope that one day we may be able to detect and take early action to prevent this disease in at-risk individuals.”

To perform the study, the research team generated special stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), from cells of patients with young-onset Parkinson’s disease. This process involves taking adult blood cells “back in time” to a primitive embryonic state.

“Our technique gave us a window back in time to see how well the dopamine neurons might have functioned from the very start of a patient’s life,” said the study’s senior author, Clive Svendsen.

The researchers detected two key abnormalities in the dopamine neurons in the dish. One was the accumulation of a protein called alpha-synuclein, which occurs in most forms of Parkinson’s disease

The other abnormality was the malfunctioning lysosomes, cell structures that act as ‘trash cans’ for the cell to break down and dispose of proteins. This malfunction could cause alpha-synuclein to build-up.

Shlomo Melmed, a dean of the Medical Faculty at Cedars-Sinai said: “This research is an outstanding example of how physicians and investigators from different disciplines join forces to produce translational science with the potential to help patients. This important work is made possible by the dual leadership of Cedars-Sinai as both a distinguished academic institution and an outstanding hospital.
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The Epilepsy-Autism Link

Until recently, there was only limited clinical research about the connection between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy. But according to the doctors, it is estimated that about 20 to 30 percent of children with ASD will develop epilepsy once they reach adulthood.

Additionally, research finds that adults with epilepsy are more likely to show signs of autism and Asperger's syndrome. In fact, a 2016 study suggests that the two conditions may even have a co-dependent, "bidirectional relationship." Other recent studies even detail how epileptic seizures short-circuit the neurological function in the brain that affects socialization and involves the same traits seen in autism— impairment of normal social interaction (eye contact, conversation, enjoying the act of sharing with someone else) and tightly regimented or repetitive cycles of behavior. This means that in many cases, epileptic adults may not have been properly diagnosed or treated for autism symptoms.

Shedding Light on Socialization Challenges for Epileptics

Epilepsy is a brain disorder marked by recurring seizures or convulsions. Autism is a neuro-behavioral disease that includes impairment in social interaction and language development which often includes rigid, systematic repetitive behaviors. Both conditions can affect patients with varying degrees of severity.

Up to now, the social and behavioral challengers for some people with epilepsy have been under-diagnosed, and research has not uncovered any underlying theory to explain them. Without diagnosis, there is no treatment plan. And not surprisingly, the more frequent the epileptic seizures, the more severely impacted the patient’s socialization may be.

But the research evidence suggesting that the misfiring of the brain during a seizure may explain the socialization issues, brings a vast set of opportunities for adults with both conditions. It could mean that adults with epilepsy can now benefit from the wide range of autism treatment services available to address the socialization issues many epileptic patients have experienced throughout their lives. This offers the possibility of significantly improving epileptics' overall quality of life. Up to this point, there have been few services to address these needs.

Recognizing Symptoms of Epilepsy in Infants

The highest incidence of epilepsy occurs during the first year of life, when many new parents can overlook or misinterpret physical symptoms. Each year, 150,000 people in the United States will have a newly occurring single seizure, that's 48 for every 100,000 people according to the doctors. During early childhood development, infants often exhibit a variety of erratic physical movements and mannerisms which may not cause immediate concern. But babies or children presenting any of these symptoms should be seen by a doctor immediately:

• A prolonged staring spell
• Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and legs
• Lack of response or awareness to verbal stimulation
• Shaking, loss of balance or smacking of the lips

Specialty Care for Children With Epilepsy

If you suspect your child may have experienced a seizure, contact your pediatrician immediately for an evaluation. While seizures are frightening for parents and caregivers, it is important to observe and record the duration of the episode as well as the symptoms the child exhibited before and after the episode. Be sure to share this valuable information with your doctor. Keep in mind, some hospitals offer specialized epilepsy treatment programs exclusively for pediatric patients.

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New 'brain pacemaker' may help treat epilepsy, Parkinson's

Scientists have developed a wireless device that can stimulate the brain with electric current, potentially delivering fine-tuned treatments to patients with diseases like epilepsy and Parkinson's. The neurostimulator, named the WAND, works like a "pacemaker for the brain," monitoring the brain's electrical activity and delivering electrical stimulation if it detects something amiss, said researchers.

These devices can be extremely effective at preventing debilitating tremors or seizures in patients with a variety of neurological conditions, according to the study.

However, the electrical signatures that precede a seizure or tremor can be extremely subtle, and the frequency and strength of electrical stimulation required to prevent them is equally touchy. It can take years of small adjustments by doctors before the devices provide optimal treatment.

WAND, which stands for wireless artifact-free neuromodulation device, is both wireless and autonomous, meaning that once it learns to recognise the signs of tremor or seizure, it can adjust the stimulation parameters on its own to prevent the unwanted movements.

Since it is closed-loop -- meaning it can stimulate and record simultaneously -- the device can adjust these parameters in real-time.

"The process of finding the right therapy for a patient is extremely costly and can take years," saida researcher.

"Significant reduction in both cost and duration can potentially lead to greatly improved outcomes and accessibility," the researcher said.

"We want to enable the device to figure out what is the best way to stimulate for a given patient to give the best outcomes. And you can only do that by listening and recording the neural signatures," he said.

WAND can record electrical activity over 128 channels, or from 128 points in the brain, compared to eight channels in other closed-loop systems. To demonstrate the device, the team used WAND to recognise and delay specific arm movements in rhesus macaques.

Simultaneously stimulating and recording electrical signals in the brain is much like trying to see small ripples in a pond while also splashing your feet -- the electrical signals from the brain are overwhelmed by the large pulses of electricity delivered by the stimulation.

Currently, deep brain stimulators either stop recording while delivering the electrical stimulation, or record at a different part of the brain from where the stimulation is applied --essentially measuring the small ripples at a different point in the pond from the splashing.

In order to deliver closed-loop stimulation-based therapies, which is a big goal for people treating Parkinson's and epilepsy and a variety of neurological disorders, it is very important to both perform neural recordings and stimulation simultaneously, which currently no single commercial device does, researchers said.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                
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