Some people with Parkinson’s disease may be born with disordered brain cells

According to a recent study, some people who develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease before they reach the age of fifty may have brain development disorder even before their birth. The disease can go undetected for 30-40 years before showing the symptoms, it added.

Parkinson’s occurs when brain neurons that make dopamine, a substance that helps coordinate muscle movement, become impaired or die.

According to a new Cedars-Sinai research, there is a particular drug that might potentially help correct these disease processes.

Symptoms, which get worse over time, include slowness of movement, rigid muscles, tremors and loss of balance. In most cases, the exact cause of neuron failure is unclear, and there is no known cure

Michele Tagliati, who was a co-author of the study said: “Young-onset Parkinson’s is especially heartbreaking because it strikes people at the prime of life. This exciting new research provides hope that one day we may be able to detect and take early action to prevent this disease in at-risk individuals.”

To perform the study, the research team generated special stem cells, known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), from cells of patients with young-onset Parkinson’s disease. This process involves taking adult blood cells “back in time” to a primitive embryonic state.

“Our technique gave us a window back in time to see how well the dopamine neurons might have functioned from the very start of a patient’s life,” said the study’s senior author, Clive Svendsen.

The researchers detected two key abnormalities in the dopamine neurons in the dish. One was the accumulation of a protein called alpha-synuclein, which occurs in most forms of Parkinson’s disease

The other abnormality was the malfunctioning lysosomes, cell structures that act as ‘trash cans’ for the cell to break down and dispose of proteins. This malfunction could cause alpha-synuclein to build-up.

Shlomo Melmed, a dean of the Medical Faculty at Cedars-Sinai said: “This research is an outstanding example of how physicians and investigators from different disciplines join forces to produce translational science with the potential to help patients. This important work is made possible by the dual leadership of Cedars-Sinai as both a distinguished academic institution and an outstanding hospital.
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Early symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Symptoms of full-blown Parkinson disease (PD) are easy to identify. Essentially these consist of tremors, slowness of all activities, stiffness of muscles and poor balance with tendency to fall. Anyone with these symptoms falls under the category of Parkinson Disease and needs medical assistance.

It is difficult to identify these symptoms at an early stage. Also, the symptoms start so insidiously, and creep in very slowly, which makes it difficult for the common people to detect the disease when it is setting in.

A Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, however, helps you to identify these at an early stage.

There are some symptoms which are called pre-motor symptoms. These appear early and hardly are noticeable. Prominent among these are constipation, depression, acting out dreams during sleep (known as REM sleep behaviour disorder or RBD), decreased sensitivity of smell perception which are misunderstood with other disorders. Having said this, people with all these symptoms do not eventually develop Parkinson's disease as these are very common symptoms. However, studies show that those who have any of them are more likely to develop Parkinson's disease. So, it is important to watch your elderly ones closely and detect it on time.

There are some other symptoms such as internal feeling of tremor, increased tiredness or fatigue. Some of these resemble features of an older person or someone who is depressed but must be watched with hawk eyes. These symptoms are bent posture on standing and walking, festination while walking, some tremulousness of hands (old person) and drooping face, absent or diminished facial expressions, drooped neck.

For those people who have a family member affected with Parkinson's disease and are always fearful that they may also develop Parkinson's disease, one shouldn't worry too much. Familial Parkinson's disease occurs in only 10-15 percent of people; it usually occurs without a family history of Parkinson's disease. With the help of science and technology there is now a Deep Brain Stimulation option available for patients. One should also get expert advice on how to handle patients who suffer from the disease.

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Early Signs of Parkinson's Disease

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Degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's represent some of the largest challenges facing medical researchers today. These diseases not only rob us of control over our own bodies, but slowly sap our mental capabilities as well. Like most diseases, however, they are best detected early on, when we can at least slow down the progress of the disease, hopefully until better treatments are found. To do this, we must be aware of the early symptoms and signs that point to Parkinson's.

Note: Don't panic if you have one or more of these symptoms, as they can be related to other issues. However, to stay on the safe side, if you think there is even a small chance you are showing early signs, please get tested, if only for your own peace of mind. If you do have it and you catch it early, the prognosis will be much better for you.

Here are 8 symptoms of the onset of Parkinson's disease:

 

1. A change in handwriting

If a person's handwriting starts to go from big and free to small and cramped, this may well be an early sign of Parkinson's. The telling signs are letters that get smaller and words that seem crowded together with letters almost written on top of each other. Many patients also take longer to write and have trouble with repetitive tasks.

 

 

2. A reduced sense of smell

If someone is suddenly having trouble smelling pungent foods or picking up on scents, they should go see a doctor. Most times it has to do with sinuses, and it's definitely not one of the most obvious signs of Parkinson's, but doctors say that patients with Parkinson's claim it to be the earliest sign they had of the disease. While studies haven't proven the link between the symptom and the disease, a working theory is that certain proteins form clumps in the brain and may form in the olfactory area, reducing our sense of smell.

 

3. Trouble sleeping

Another symptom that can be easily ignored because it's so common, is the sudden inability to sleep well, even if you're usually a sound sleeper. You may toss and turn, your limbs move and twitch during sleep, or you may even wake up on the floor, having fallen from bed. Ask your significant other if you are making a lot of movements at night, and go see a doctor if it persists. 

 

 

 

4. A quieter, softer voice or an expressionless face

A softer voice and a masked face are common signs of Parkinson's. Some will not notice they are speaking at a softer tone, and they definitely won't notice their face losing expression, so it is up to the people around them to be aware of these signs. Speaking too rapidly or stammering a lot is also a symptom. 

 

  

5. Depression

Obviously many patients develop depression after learning they have Parkinson's, but there is a physical link between the deterioration that comes with Parkinson's and depression. Some patients get depressed years before the other symptoms of the disease appear. Lower-than-normal secretions of serotonin and dopamine, the neurotransmitters involved with many bodily functions as well as mood, can cause this effect.

 

 

 

6. Constipation

If you find that you've seriously reduced the number of times you move your bowels, sometimes even skipping a day - it's not a good sign, even if it's not Parkinson's, and so you should check it out. The disease has an effect on the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for unconscious processes such as digestion and bowel function. Constipation on its own is usually nothing to worry about, but if it comes with some of the other symptoms on this list - go get checked immediately.  

 

7. Shaking / tremors while perfectly relaxed

Shaking is perfectly normal under certain circumstances. We may be excited or anxious, have just finished a workout or are feeling restless. But small shakes in our fingers, our hands, our chin, lip or our limbs while we're at rest could be a strong sign of Parkinson's, according to the National Parkinson Foundation. This symptom appears in about 70% of patients and can become more noticeable during stress or excitement. This symptom usually arrives AFTER the other symptoms on this list though. However, many a time it is the first one truly noticed, as the others can all have other explanations. 

 

 

 

8. Stiffness and slowness of movement

Stiffness in the joints that doesn't go away, coupled with muscle weakness that's here to stay can spell bad news. Suddenly everyday tasks like buttoning your shirt, walking or fixing things around the house become bothersome and difficult. You stop swinging your arms as you walk and your legs and feet feel heavy and 'stuck to the floor'. If you start hesitating before taking steps, or people are commenting that you look stiff or sore - please see a doctor.