Urine test may help prevent cervical cancer, finds study

Urine testing may be as effective as the smear test at preventing cervical cancer and could significantly increase participation rates for screening, a study has found.

The research found that urine testing was just as good as the cervical smear at picking up high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer.

Researchers  said a urine test could help increase the numbers of women who are screened for cervical cancer.

Urine testing could have a role in the developing world, where cervical cancer is up to 15 times more common and smear testing largely non-existent.

Around one in 20 women show abnormal changes which might go on to become cancer and are referred for colposcopy, where the cervix is examined under magnification, allowing abnormal areas to be seen, sampled and treated, before they ever cause cancer, researchers said.

According to the team, cervical smear samples, self-collected vaginal samples and urine samples are all effective at picking up high risk HPV infection.

Cervical cancer is most common in women aged 30 to 35 years. However, the precancerous stage is detectable in the 5-10 years before this, when up to a third of women fail to attend for their smear test.

"We're really very excited by this study, which we think has the potential to significantly increase participation rates for cervical cancer screening in a key demographic group," said the researcher who led the study. 

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Science has found 3 foods that can decrease your prostate cancer risk

It is said that precaution is always better than cure and when we talk about a disease like cancer, this statement is best suited. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men and the number of people suffering from this disease is increasing drastically. Scientists recently have found out foods items that can help you to keep this disease at bay before it turns deadly. 

What are the three foods?As per the study, apple, turmeric, and berries are three powerful weapons that can help you to keep prostate cancer at bay.
The study The scientists began by testing 142 natural compounds found in turmeric, apple, and grapes, which have already been identified as effective at thwarting the growth of cancer cells.

These plant-based compound were tested on cells from mice and humans and found out that these are most effective on prostate cancer. 

They found that ursolic acid (a waxy natural chemical found in apple peelings ); curcumin (the yellow compound found in turmeric); and resveratrol (present in grapes and berries) are most effective on preventing this deadly form of cancer.
Why the compounds are effective?Cells damaged or weakened by chronic infection, inflammation from auto-immune diseases mostly mutate into cancerous cells. These three plant-based nutrients help to reduce the inflammation and reduce the risk of those cells turning into malignant.
Cancer cells get nutrients from glutamine (an amino acid that helps to break down proteins in our diet), which help them to grow. The compounds found in these plants stop the cancer cells from feeding on glutamine, as a result, they do not spread in the body.
Bottom line This is surely an important discovery that can provide protection from prostate cancer. Researchers recommend men to have these three foods daily.

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New 'brain pacemaker' may help treat epilepsy, Parkinson's

Scientists have developed a wireless device that can stimulate the brain with electric current, potentially delivering fine-tuned treatments to patients with diseases like epilepsy and Parkinson's. The neurostimulator, named the WAND, works like a "pacemaker for the brain," monitoring the brain's electrical activity and delivering electrical stimulation if it detects something amiss, said researchers.

These devices can be extremely effective at preventing debilitating tremors or seizures in patients with a variety of neurological conditions, according to the study.

However, the electrical signatures that precede a seizure or tremor can be extremely subtle, and the frequency and strength of electrical stimulation required to prevent them is equally touchy. It can take years of small adjustments by doctors before the devices provide optimal treatment.

WAND, which stands for wireless artifact-free neuromodulation device, is both wireless and autonomous, meaning that once it learns to recognise the signs of tremor or seizure, it can adjust the stimulation parameters on its own to prevent the unwanted movements.

Since it is closed-loop -- meaning it can stimulate and record simultaneously -- the device can adjust these parameters in real-time.

"The process of finding the right therapy for a patient is extremely costly and can take years," saida researcher.

"Significant reduction in both cost and duration can potentially lead to greatly improved outcomes and accessibility," the researcher said.

"We want to enable the device to figure out what is the best way to stimulate for a given patient to give the best outcomes. And you can only do that by listening and recording the neural signatures," he said.

WAND can record electrical activity over 128 channels, or from 128 points in the brain, compared to eight channels in other closed-loop systems. To demonstrate the device, the team used WAND to recognise and delay specific arm movements in rhesus macaques.

Simultaneously stimulating and recording electrical signals in the brain is much like trying to see small ripples in a pond while also splashing your feet -- the electrical signals from the brain are overwhelmed by the large pulses of electricity delivered by the stimulation.

Currently, deep brain stimulators either stop recording while delivering the electrical stimulation, or record at a different part of the brain from where the stimulation is applied --essentially measuring the small ripples at a different point in the pond from the splashing.

In order to deliver closed-loop stimulation-based therapies, which is a big goal for people treating Parkinson's and epilepsy and a variety of neurological disorders, it is very important to both perform neural recordings and stimulation simultaneously, which currently no single commercial device does, researchers said.

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Birth control pills may block blood flow to brain

Turns out, birth control pills increase the risk of ischemic strokes which are usually caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel in the brain. This keeps blood from flowing to the brain.

According to  stroke specialists, oral contraceptives increase the risk of ischemic stroke, but this risk is very small among women who do not have other stroke risk factors. 

Several mechanisms were proposed to explain why oral contraceptives increase stroke risk during the research, including raising blood pressure and making blood hypercoagulable.

"The ideal drug is one with the lowest estrogen and progestin doses that will be effective in preventing pregnancy while minimizing adverse effects," said a neurologist.

In women with other stroke risk factors, the risk is higher and, in most cases, oral contraceptive use is discouraged. These risk factors include high blood pressure, cigarette smoking and migraine headaches, especially migraines with sensory disturbances called the aura.


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Probiotics prevent deadly complications of liver disease: Study

Probiotics are effective in preventing hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, according to a study by the Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi.


Hepatic encephalopathy is the deterioration of brain function - a serious complication of liver disease.
The research shows that probiotics modify the gut microbiota to prevent hepatic encephalopathy.
According to experts, the results offer a safe, well tolerated and a cheaper alternative to current treatments.

The researchers at G.B. Pant conducted a single-centre, randomised trial with cirrhosis patients who showed risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy, but had yet to experience an obvious episode.
When comparing treatment with probiotics versus placebo, the researchers found that the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was lower in patients treated with probiotics.

Probiotic supplementation was not associated with any side effects and none of the patients required discontinuation of therapy.

“These results suggest that probiotics are similar in effectiveness to the current standard of care, lactulose, in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy, yet they appear to be much better tolerated,” researchers added.

Up to 45 percent of patients with cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy, a loss of brain function that occurs when the liver is unable to remove toxins from the blood.

Prognosis is poor, with a 58 percent mortality rate at one year, and a 77 percent mortality rate at three years.

"These results offer a safe, well tolerated and perhaps cheaper alternative to current treatments," said David W. Victor III, who contributed an editorial in the journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology on this research.

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Preventing cervical cancer

There are two ways to prevent cervical cancer - the first is to prevent infections with HPV, the second is to get regular Pap smears that will detect pre-cancerous conditions and HPV.

Girls less than 18 years of age should avoid sexual activity or always use condoms.

If a woman sees warts on her partner's genitals, she should avoid intercourse.

To further reduce the risk of cervical cancer, women should limit the number of their sexual partners.

Women should avoid sexually promiscuous partners.

Condoms may help prevent the transmission of HPV (human papilloma virus) – the virus responsible for cervical cancer.

Annual pelvic examinations, including a pap smear, should begin when a woman becomes sexually active, or by the age of 20 in a non-sexually active woman.

All abnormal findings in pelvic examinations should be followed up with colposcopy and biopsy.

Studies show that smoking can actually speed up the process of cervical damage caused by HPV. Quitting now greatly reduces your risk of several types of cancer, including cervical cancer.

Having multiple sexual partners increases your risk of being infected with HPV and other sexually transmitted diseases. So, avoid having multiple sexual relationships.