Babies start learning language in womb

I actually had read that babies do recognise voices while in the womb. Hence, when my daughter was pregnant, I used to call her in U.S. and tell her to keep the phone on her stomach and talk to her baby. Thinking back, no wonder, after birth, our grand-daughter was more attached to me! 

Another such experience, our daughter-in-law used to keep singing a song when she was pregnant, it was more like a prayer. After delivery, whenever her son used to cry, or to make him sleep, she'ld sing that song. One day, she sang a different song, her son kept crying, as it took her some time to realise that he wasn't happy with the other son, but wanted her to sing the song that he was used to from the womb !

How we learn and use language is a miraculous feat that science knows so little about. Babies use language meticulously at a very young age.  It could come up as surprising that babies have any contact with the outside world before they are born, but new evidence came to light which suggests that babies can hear noises from inside the womb. Not just that, they are actively involved in learning the sounds of the language their mothers speak. So, in a way, language learning starts in the womb, well before than previously thought. Now let's break this down in more detail. 

Unborn babies start to respond to noises sometimes between the 24th and 30th weeks of pregnancy. That means they begin to process sounds and distinguish among most of them, especially vowels since they are the most audible. It is interesting to note that they respond specifically to language, as opposed to other sounds. Studies have shown that newborns, immediately after birth, show increased brain activity when listening to a speech segment, as opposed to the same segment played backwards, or silence. Considering that they have this reaction immediately after birth, it is only logical to conclude that they developed this response in the womb as fetuses. It is also thought that fetuses as such have a similar response to voices and speech patterns in the womb. 

In another study, pregnant women played a recording of a 'nonsense word' to their unborn babies repeatedly several times a week in their last weeks of pregnancy. After birth, babies recognized the nonsense word while those who were not exposed to it before birth showed no reaction.

Pre-birth exposure to language is also documented in studies which show that unborn babies develop the ability to recognize the sound pattern of their native language, preferring it to that of languages they haven't heard before. In one study, unborn babies were shown to not only distinguish their mother's voice from that of other people, but they could also recognize their native language (English in this case) over a foreign language (say, Mandarin). 

Researcher and psycholinguist, also a professor, said that newborns, again immediately after birth, prefer to listen to voices that correspond to the language they were exposed to in the womb. Newborns showed their preferences by how long they sucked on specially rigged pacifiers that enabled them to hear one speaker versus another, or one language versus another.

A Dr. in an experiment, she conducted that babies of a very young age have the ability to distinguish all the different sounds used in all world's languages. After a couple of months after birth, though, babies start to filter out the sounds that are not used in their native language and so they lose the ability to distinguish the sounds that are not part o their native language. Thus, a baby growing up hearing Japanese will lose the ability to distinguish between “la” and “ra,” while a baby growing up hearing Korean will retain the ability to distinguish three different ways of pronouncing a sound like “tal” that has only one way of being pronounced in Dutch.

So, a lot is happening well before babies are even born. The first incremental steps in the incredible task of language learning start in the womb. As research into language progresses, it will reveal more and more about this mysterious human ability.

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Babies in the womb react to mother's voice

Babies in the womb react to mother's voice: Study

PTI : Melbourne, Tue Jun 18 2013, 15:42 hrs   

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It is quite fascinating how the foetus learns to recognise and react to the mother's voice before prior to birth. 

Babies in the womb respond to their mothers' voice, even paying attention when they're read a story, a new study has found. Researchers asked 74 women who were 36 weeks pregnant to read for two minutes while their babies' heart rate and movements were monitored.

They found babies stopped moving and lowered their heart rate when their mother started reading aloud to them, study lead author  said. "It is quite fascinating how the foetus learns to recognise and react to the mother's voice before prior to birth - here, we showed that they can detect onset of maternal voice and differences in maternal voice," she said.

"Some women were napping prior to asking them to read aloud from a passage - these foetuses showed a brief startle to onset of maternal voice," she said. She said the heart rate of foetuses lowered and movement stopped when mothers switched from chatting to reading aloud, it is reported.

"The near-term foetus has a mature auditory system that reliably detects and responds to sound," she said. The researchers concluded a mother's voice "shapes auditory learning in uterus with implications for postnatal recognition of, and preference for, the maternal voice".




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AGEING PROCESS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY !

How Different Parts Of Our Body Start Ageing At Different Times

 

 

 

“Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young."

Henry Ford

WE all accept that getting older is inevitable, and now leading clinicians
have revealed
the exact age when different body parts start to decline, most alarming
being the
brain and the lungs.


Here, with the help of leading clinicians, Angela Epstein tells the Daily
Mail, the ages when different parts of the body start to lose their battle with

time.


*BRAIN *- 

Starts raging at 20.
As we get older, the number of nerve cells - or neurons - in the brain decrease.
We start with around 100 billion, but in our 20s, this number starts to decline. By 40, we could be losing up to 10,000 per day,affecting memory, co-ordination and brain function.*

*GUT* -

Starts ageing at 55.
A healthy gut has a good balance between harmful and 'friendly' bacteria.
But levels of friendly bacteria in the gut drop significantly after 55,
particularly in the large intestine, says Tom MacDonald, professor of immunology at Barts Medical School in London . As a result, we suffer from poor digestion and an increased risk
of gut disease. Constipation is more likely as we age, as the flow of digestive juices from
the stomach, liver, pancreas and small intestine slows down..

 *
*BREASTS* - 

Start ageing at 35.

BY their mid-30s, woman's breasts start losing tissue and fat,
reducing in size and its fullness.
Sagging starts at 40 and the areola (the area surrounding the nipple)
can shrinks considerably.*

*BLADDER* -

 Starts ageing at 65.
Loss of bladder control is more likely when you hit 65.
Women are more vulnerable to bladder problems as, after the menopause,
declining oestrogen levels make tissues in the urethra - the tube through
which urine passes - thinner and weaker, reducing bladder support. Bladder capacity in an older adult generally is about half that of a younger person
- about two cups in a 30-year-old and one cup in a 70-year-old....*

*LUNGS* 

- Start ageing at 20.
Lung capacity slowly starts to decrease from the age of 20.
By the age of 40, some people are already experiencing breathlessness.

This is partly because the muscles and the rib cage which control breathing stiffen up.*

*VOICE* -

 Starts ageing at 65.
Our voices become quieter and hoarser with age. The soft tissues in
the voice box (larynx) weaken, affecting the pitch, loudness and
quality of the voice. A woman's voice may become huskier and lower in pitch,
whereas a man's might become thinner and higher.*

*EYES* 

- Start ageing at 40.
Glasses are the norm for many over-40s
as failing eyesight kicks in - usually long-sightedness,
affecting our ability to see objects up close.*

*HEART* -

 Starts ageing at 40.
The heart pumps blood less effectively around the body as we get older.
This is because blood vessels become less elastic, while arteries can harden or
become blocked because of fatty deposits forming on the coronary arteries
- caused by eating too much saturated fat. The blood supply to the heart is
then reduced, resulting in painful angina.
Men over 45 and women over 55 are at greater risk of a heart attack.*

*LIVER*

 - Starts ageing at 70.
This is the only organ in the body which seems to defy the ageing process.*

*KIDNEYS *

- Starts ageing at 50.
With kidneys, the number of filtering units (nephrons) that remove waste
from the bloodstream starts to reduce in middle age.*

*PROSTATE* -

 Starts ageing at 50.
The prostate often becomes enlarged
with age,leading to problems such as increased need to urinate,
says Professor Roger Kirby,
director of the Prostate Centre in London . This is known as benign
prosthetichyperplasia and affects half of men over 50,
but rarely those under 40.
It occurs when the prostate absorbs large amounts of the
male sex hormone testosterone, which increases the growth of cells
in the prostate. A normal prostate is the size of a walnut,
but the condition can increase this to the size of a tangerine.*

*BONES*

 -Start ageing at 35.
'Throughout our life, old bone is broken down by cells called osteoclasts
and replaced by bone-building cells called osteoblasts -
a process called bone turnover, explains Robert Moots,
a professor of rheumatology at Aintree University Hospital in Liverpool . Children bone growth is rapid - the skeleton takes just two years to renew itself completely.

In adults, this can take ten years.
Until our mid-20s, bone density is still increasing. But at 35 bone loss
begins as part of the natural ageing process.*

*TEETH* -

 Start ageing at 40.
As we age, we produce less saliva,
which washes away bacteria, so teeth
and gum are more vulnerable to decay. Receding gum - when tissue is lost
from gums around the teeth
- is common in adults over 40.*

*MUSCLES*

 - Start ageing at 30.
Muscle is constantly being built up and broken down, a process
which is well balanced in young adults. However, by the time we're 30,
breakdown is greater than build up,
explains Professor Robert Moots.
Once adults reach 40,
they start to lose between 0.5 and
2 per cent of their muscle each year.

Regular exercise can help prevent this.*

*HEARING* -

 Starts ageing by mid-50s.
More than half of the people over 60 lose hearing because of their age,
according to the Royal National Institute for the Deaf.*

*SKIN* -

Starts ageing by mid-20s.
The skin starts to age naturally
in your mid-20s.*

*TASTE AND SMELL*

- Start ageing at 60.
We start out in life with about 10,000 taste buds scattered on the tongue.
This number can halve later in life.
After we turn 60, taste and smell
gradually decline, partly as a result of
the normal aging process.*

*FERTILITY* 

- Starts ageing at 35.
Female fertility begins to decline after 35,
as the number and quality of eggs
in the ovaries start to fall.
The lining of the womb may
become thinner, making it less likely for a fertilized egg to take, and also creating an environment hostile to sperm.*

*HAIR*

- Starts ageing at 30.
Male hair loss usually begins in the 30s.
Hair is made in tiny pouches just under the skin's surface, known as
follicles.
A hair normally grows from each follicle
for about three years, is then shed,
and a new hair grows.
Most people will have some Grey hair
by the age of 35. When we are young,
our hair is colored by the pigments
produced by cells in the
hair follicle known asmelanocytes.

 

Dr. Venugopal S. Reddy MD, MRCP
Physician & Life Skills Coach

New York, USA

Voice & throat problems likely after anesthesia

 

A fresh look at past research suggests voice & throat problems are common in patients who have had a breathing tube placed during general anesthesia. Researchers pooled a dozen studies that looked at complications following the use of an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask, 2 popular techniques that allow patients to breathe while being put under for surgery,

While the complications rate varies, one study found as many as 7 out of 10 patients suffered a vocal cord injury, such as swelling or internal bleeding. An ENT, said that the devices are put past the soft & delicate tissues in a person’s throat, so it’s not surprising that temporary hoarseness would occur.

According to researchers, some people with hoarseness & injuries recover quickly. Normally the hoarseness should clear up by itself, but if it doesn’t people should see their physician, because it could be a sign of something more serious. “ If you’ve persistent hoarseness following a procedure, then being examined by an ENT physician would be important” the researcher said.