Saturday, November 30, 2019

Men with prostate cancer can live longer on immunotherapy

In what could be a piece of great news for men with advanced prostate cancer, a new study has claimed that they can live two more years or even more on immunotherapy.

Yes, the study has found that those with advanced prostate cancer who have exhausted all other treatment options could benefit from immunotherapy.


Researchers also found that a small proportion of men were ' super responders' and were alive and well even after the trial had ended despite having had a very poor prognosis before treatment.


They found that one in 20 men with end-stage prostate cancer responded to the immunotherapy pembrolizumab-- but although the number who benefited was small, these patients sometimes gained years of extra life.


The most dramatic responses came in patients whose tumours had mutations in genes involved in repairing DNA, and the researchers are investigating whether this group might especially benefit from immunotherapy.


The phase ll clinical trial was led globally by a team at ' The Institute of Cancer Research,  London, and the Royal Marsden Foundation Trust, and involved 258 men with advanced prostate cancer who had previously been treated and become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel chemotherapy.


Overall, 5 % of men treated with pembrolizumab saw their tumours actually shrink or disappear, while a larger group of 19 % had some evidence of tumour response with a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.


Among a group of 166 patients with particularly advanced disease and high levels of PSA, the average length of survival was 8.1 months with pembrolizumab.


Nine of these patients saw their disease disappear or partly disappear on scans. And of these, 4 were super responders who remained on treatment at the end of study follow-up, with responses lasting for at least 22 months.


Meanwhile, a 2nd group of patients whose PSA levels were lower but whose disease had spread to the bone lived for an average of 14.1 months on pembrolizumab.


The study also compared the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in men whose tumours had a protein called PD-L1 on the surface of their cancer cells and those whose tumours did not.


Targeting PD-L1 activity with pembrolizumab takes the ' brakes ' off the immune system, setting free to attack cancer cells.


Commenting on the findings, Prof. Johann de Bono, Regius Prof. of Cancer Research at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and Consultant Medical Oncologist at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, said : 'Our study has shown that a small proportion of men with very advanced prostate cancer are super responders to immunotherapy and could live for at least 2 years and possibly considerably longer".


Adding to it, Prof. Paul Workman, Chief Executive of The Institute of Cancer Research, London, said : " Immunotherapy has had tremendous benefits for sine cancer patients and it's fantastic news that even in prostate cancer, where we don't see much immune activity, a proportion of men are responding well to treatment".

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Monday, May 06, 2019

Brachytherapy: Low-risk prostate cancer now finds cure

A new technique, in which a single high dose of radiation can be delivered directly to the tumour within a few minutes, is safe and effective for treating men with low-risk prostate cancer, recent findings suggested.

Radiotherapy traditionally involves a series of lower dose treatments that take place over several days or week. The new treatment is called high dose-rate brachytherapy and it delivers radiation via a set of tiny tubes.

Researchers said this technique could offer an effective treatment that is convenient for patients and brings potential time and cost savings for hospitals.

"Brachytherapy, where we use temporary catheters to directly treat tumours, has already proved to be a good treatment for prostate cancer, both in terms of killing the cancer cells and minimising side effects. This usually means patients make four to six visits to the hospital for a series of lower dose treatments.

We wanted to see whether we could get similar results but with just one high dose treatment, saving time for the patient and the hospital," saidone of the researchers. The research included 441 men with prostate cancer who were treated at one of the seven United Kingdom hospitals between 2013 and 2018.

Their cancers were classified depending on how likely they were to spread, as low risk (total of 44 men), medium risk (285 men) or high risk (112 men). All were treated with a single high dose (19 Gy) of radiation; 166 men also received hormone therapy but none had any surgery or chemotherapy.

Researchers monitored the men's progress for an average of 26 months. They measured the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the men's blood two years after the treatment and again three years after the treatment.

PSA is considered to be a good indicator of how well prostate cancer treatment has worked. If levels increase, this can indicate cancer has returned. Overall, after two years, 94 per cent of men showed no sign of the cancer returning, according to their PSA levels.

For men with low-risk cancer this figure was 100 per cent, in men with the medium risk it was 95 per cent and in men, with high-risk cancer, it was 92 per cent. After three years, the overall figure was 88 per cent, and in men with low, medium and high-risk cancers, the figures were 100 per cent, 86 per cent and 75 per cent respectively.

Of the 27 men with raised PSA levels, researchers were able to identify where cancer had returned in 25. In 15, cancer had returned in the prostate. In the rest, it had spread to other parts of the body.

At the time of the treatment, there were no serious side effects. Later on, two men developed urethral strictures that required surgery and two developed rectal fistulae that required a colostomy.

The Dr. said: "These results indicate that high dose-rate brachytherapy is a safe and effective treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer but further research is needed in medium and high-risk patients to see if the results can be improved with a higher dose".

"This type of treatment offers an attractive alternative to surgery or other forms of radiotherapy as it has a comparatively low risk of side effects. It is also a patient-friendly option because the treatment can be given quickly at a single hospital visit," the Dr.  added.

The team hope to continue studying the impact of using this type of radiotherapy, especially in patients with higher risk prostate cancer who are more likely to suffer a recurrence. She believes it would be possible, given the low risk of side effects, to modify the treatment or increase the dose even further in higher risk cases.

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Saturday, March 04, 2017

Things to Know About Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is not a woman's disease.In fact, it's considered to be the most common form of cancer among American men - affecting 1 in 7 during their lifetime - according to the American Cancer Society. Statistics show that 60% of cases occur in men over the age of 65 - though it does strike men at a younger age too. Here are 4 things every woman should know to protect her loved ones, be they her husband, father, or brother. 

1. Most men don't have any symptoms Advanced stage prostate cancer may cause trouble urinating - this includes a slow stream or going to the bathroom frequently - or blood in the urine, erection problems, or, in the very late stages (where it has spread to the bones), hip, back, or chest pain. But more often than not, prostate cancer shows no symptoms. 
2. Screening is vital
The American Urological Association insists on regular screening for men over the age of 50. While it is recommended that at age 50 men should discuss with their primary care physician, whether or not they should undergo the PSA blood test, which measures levels of a chemical called prostate-specific antigen, it hasn't been shown to be 100% accurate. Although it is a simple blood test, it does have a high rate of false positives, which can lead to painful, unnecessary biopsies. 
In fact, only about 25% of men with a moderately high PSA level actually have prostate cancer. And even when they do, the disease is very slow-growing. Unfortunately though, there isn't a better way, as yet, to detect prostate cancer. So getting checked at the age of 50 may seem like their best alternative. If however they have risk factors like being African-American or a family history, they may need to check as early as 40.
 
3. Not everyone with prostate cancer needs treatment A Harvard study conducted in 2013 found that about 70% of prostate cancers are low risk. This means that the tumor is so small and growing so slowly it will never become life-threatening. The study found that these men are better off choosing 'active surveillance' - meaning that they postpone treatment indefinitely while their health care team closely monitors their case. In fact, it is at times advised to watch and wait, as treatment can cause significant side effects such as impotence and leaking urine.
Backing this theory up, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine said that patients with early stage prostate cancer who opt for the approach aren't any more likely to die from the disease compared to those who immediately go for surgery and/or radiation. If prostate cancer has been detected and a watch and wait approach has been chosen, frequent visits to the doctor to check PSA levels are required. 
4. Steps can be taken to reduce the risk
According to some research, a low fat diet, especially a diet low in animal fat, can help reduce the chances of developing prostate cancer. Cutting back on dairy may also prove to be beneficial. In another Harvard study, men who ate the most milk, cheese and yogurt each day had the highest risk. You may also want to get your men to cut back on the booze. One Canadian study found that just two drinks a day could increase a man's risk by 23%.
 this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes 
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