Lesser Known Causes of Dementia

Dementia refers to the overall decline in brain functioning. It affects memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking skills. There are various types of dementia depending on the cause. It can take on multiple form. Scientists are currently working on finding the cause of dementia but cannot pin-point a single reason. There are ways in which dementia symptoms, such as reduced concentration, withdrawal or depression, memory problems and increasing confusion, can be managed. Progressive dementia refers to types of dementia that cannot be reversed with any medication or nutrient. Dementia caused by protein deposits or certain vitamin deficiencies can be reversed with treatment. Other than bleeding and sweating on the football ground, there are other various other complex reasons that can cause progressive dementia in an individual.

Alzheimer's disease: One of the causes of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Patients of Alzheimer’s have plaques and tangles in their brains. These plagues and tangles are made up of proteins called tau and beta-amyloid, respectively. They can damage healthy neurons and fibres in the brain. Apart from protein, Alzheimer’s also contains a genetic factor, which could also lead to dementia in Alzheimer’s patients.

Damage to blood vessels: Other than stroke and heart attack, damaged blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain can also damage fibres in the white matter of the brain. This condition is called vascular dementia. Stroke can also damage your brain causing difficulties in problem-solving, slowed thinking and trouble focusing. 

Huntington's disease: This inherited condition can cause the breakdown (degeneration) of certain nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Huntington’s usually affects people in the mid-30s. Signs and symptoms, include an intense decline in thinking and cognitive skills.

Traumatic brain injuries: Traumatic brain injuries like falling down and hitting your head at home or hitting your head in a car accident can cause major impact on the skull. This impact can lead to abnormal functioning of brain proteins. This could potentially harm your brain and cause dementia.

Heavy metal poisoning: According to a study, constant exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, can damage the brain causing dementia. According to the study, heavy metals can tinker with the person’s genes and stunt children's growth and damage their brain. 

 

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5 Warning Signs Someone Has Dementia

Like most diseases that severely affect cognitive performance, dementia is a tragic and painful condition. In this article, we will discuss what dementia (and other), and some warning signs of the condition and methods of treatment.

What is dementia?
According to the Alzheimer’s organization, dementia is a general term for low mental capacity that is severe enough to interfere with daily life. Memory loss and Alzheimer’s – the two most common forms of dementia – are two examples. Dementia is, in general, a gradual decline in thinking, thinking and thinking skills.

Dementia itself is not a specific disease. Instead, the term applies to a set of symptoms that may indicate a severe cognitive disorder. Because of the complex nature of the disorder, dementia can only be diagnosed by a licensed doctor (usually a neurologist).

Types of dementia
As we have mentioned, Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60 to 80 per cent of all cases. Alzheimer’s disease is a fatal disorder that deviates from brain cells and cognitive functions. Unfortunately, people with Alzheimer’s often notice changes in themselves; this makes it difficult to explain what they are experiencing to friends, family, and others.

The second major cause of dementia is called vascular dementia – a form of dementia caused by a stroke. Mayo Clinic is characterized by a stroke as follows:
Stroke occurs when the blood flow is interrupted or reduced to your brain. This deprives your mind of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause the death of your cells. Stroke may occur due to a blocked artery (stroke), leakage or explosion of blood vessels (hemorrhagic stroke).

What dementia is not
As mentioned, dementia is a complex medical condition. However, ignorance has led people to believe that it is age-related – it is not. For each organization Alzheimer’s disease:
Dementia is often referred to incorrectly as “dementia” or “dementia,” which reflects the belief in the past, but it is not true that serious mental decline is a natural part of aging. Changes in memory often occur (not always) with age.

The main difference between any “age-related” memory problems and dementia is the degree to which everyday life is affected. Everyone forgets something at some time or another, or experiences severe episodes of “brain fog”. Many people have problems with memory and thinking problems clearly – this does not mean that they have dementia.

Given the complexity of the subject, we recommend that anyone suffering or knowing someone with cognitive problems seek medical advice.

Here are 5 possible signs of dementia:

1. Difficulty planning or solving problems
Some people with dementia have sudden changes in their ability to develop and follow the plan. Once simple tasks, such as tracking bank balances or following a recipe, for example, become more complex. It is also common during the onset of dementia to experience increasing problems of concentration.

2. Problem with familiar tasks once

One of the most obvious signs of dementia is the low ability to complete routine tasks. A person may be unable to navigate a familiar path or forget how to play a favorite game. Usually, doing something normal is deeply rooted neuroscience. One is able to be completed “without thinking”. Any noticeable changes in a person’s ability to complete a joint task require attention.

3. New problems when communicating

People suffering from dementia often have problems after the conversation. They may stop interacting, or forget something they have said (they may repeat themselves), or have no idea how to proceed. Vocabulary challenges are also common, such as inability to find the right word.

4. Withdrawal from social activities or work

When a person begins to experience the cognitive challenges brought on by dementia, he or she may begin to remove himself from work or social activities. Part of this withdrawal may be due to personal changes, fear or denial. Regardless of the rationale, some sufferers of dementia gradually become distant.

5. Subversive amnesia of daily life

Again, the basic phrase is “disorder in daily life”. Memory gaps occur for all of us, but these lapses rarely make a big handicap nowadays – if that happens – rarely. During the early stages of dementia, forgetting information that has been learned recently is one of the most common signs of the underlying condition.
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Drugs show promise in stroke, dementia prevention

Two drugs, in use for treating heart disease and angina, have shown promise in an early trial in preventing stroke and dementia caused by damage to small blood vessels in the brain.

The drugs — cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate — were tested in a group of patients in Britain. The results showed that patients tolerated the drugs, with no serious side-effects, even when they were given in full doses or in combination with other medicines.

“The results of this trial show promise for treating a common cause of stroke and the most common cause of vascular dementia, since currently there are no effective treatments. Further trials are underway,” said lead researcher. 

Damage to small blood vessels in brain is responsible for around a quarter of strokes. It is also a common cause of memory problems and dementia. At present, the only way to reduce risk of the disease is by controlling blood pressure and cholesterol, stopping smoking and managing symptoms of diabetes.

For the study, researchers recruited 57 patients who had experienced stroke caused by damaged small blood vessels, known as a lacunar stroke. They took the two medicines either individually or in combination for up to nine weeks, in addition to usual treatments aimed at preventing further strokes.

They completed health questionnaires and had regular blood pressure checks, blood tests and brain scans. The findings suggest the drugs are safe for use in stroke patients, taken alone or in combination, at least in the short term.

There were also signs that the treatment helped improve blood vessel function in the arms and brain, and may improve thinking skills, but researchers stressed further studies to test this. 

Experts believe the findings pave the way for larger studies to check if the treatment can prevent brain damage and reduce risk of stroke and vascular dementia. A larger study, called LACI-2, is underway, said a statement.

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Alzheimer's vs. Dementia: How They Differ And What To Do

Dementia and Alzheimer's disease may share many of the same symptoms, but the two are not different names for the same condition. Here’s what you need to know about both in order for you to avoid this common mistake.

Dementia is a syndrome, or a group of symptoms that consistently occur together. It is not a specific disease. The term “dementia” is used to describe a set of symptoms that can include memory loss, difficulty thinking, problem solving, or issues with language. Dementia is caused by damage to the brain cells, and because Alzheimer’s is a disease that destroys the brain, it is one of the most common causes of dementia.
 
As many as 50 to 70% of all dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer’s, Alzheimer's net  reported. However, other conditions can also cause dementia, such as Parkinson’s Disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In addition, dementia is often incorrectly referred to as "senility" or "senile dementia," which reflects the formerly widespread but incorrect belief that serious mental decline is a normal part of aging.

According to The Alzheimer's Association, the symptoms of dementia vary greatly and can include factors such as memory troubles, communication and language problems, loss of the ability to focus and pay attention, difficulties with reasoning and judgement, and trouble with visual perception. However, different types of dementia are associated with different types of brain damage.

In addition, an estimated 10 percent of people with dementia have more than one type at the same time, with the most common combination being Alzheimer's disease with vascular dementia, The Alzheimer's Society reported.

According to the Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer’s Disease is a specific type of dementia caused when high levels of certain proteins inside and outside brain cells make it hard for brain cells to stay healthy and to communicate with each other. This leads to the loss of connections between nerve cells, and eventually to the death of nerve cells and loss of brain tissue.

Here's the major difference between Alzheimer’s Disease and dementia — when an individual is diagnosed with dementia, they are diagnosed based on their symptoms without actually knowing what's behind the symptoms. In Alzheimer’s disease, the exact cause of the symptoms is understood. In addition, Alzheimer's disease is not reversible, whereas some types of dementia, such as those caused by nutritional problems or a drug interaction, can be reversed.

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