Normal & Abnormal Complete Blood Count Levels

A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test which you can have performed in order to check the levels of different kinds of cells in your blood. Such a test includes measurements of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This test may be performed for quite a number of reasons and can help you make sense of certain symptoms or to diagnose a disease.

What Info Does a CBC Provide?  

White blood cell count (WBC) - White blood cells (WBCs) protect our bodies from inner hostility by recognizing viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells, and marking them to be destroyed. A CBC will give you information about the levels of all types of white blood cells. The total white blood cell count should normally be between 4,500-10.000 cells/mcL. 

 

Red blood cell count (RBC) - Red blood cells (RBCs) are used by our bodies to provide oxygen to all of the other cells, and a CBC can tell you how effectively they are working. The standard levels for red blood cells are normally: 

 

• RBC count - 4.7-6.1 million cells/mcL for men, 4.2-5.4 million cells /mcL for women 

 

• Hemoglobin - 13.8-17.2 grams/dL for men, 12.1-15.1 grams/dL for women 

 

• Hematocrit - 40.7-50.3 percent for men, 36.1-44.3 percent for women 

 

• MCHC - 32-36 gm/dL • MCV (mean corpuscular volume) - 80-95 femtoliter 

 

• MCH - 27-31 pg/cell 

 

Platelet count - Platelets are responsible for creating clots to prevent you from bleeding out when you get injured and are responsible for the formation of scabs. A normal platelet count is between 150,000-400,000/dL.

Atypical Levels and Cancer Treatments 

There are a vast number of reasons why your doctor may suggest you get a CBC. When it comes to cancer, a CBC is often taken at the time of diagnosis, and a number of other times during treatment. While chemotherapy interferes with cell division in cancer cells, it can also affect rapidly dividing cells in your bone marrow, unfortunately. That's why atypical blood cell levels during chemotherapy are known as bone marrow suppression. 

 

A low level of white blood cells during chemo is typically known as chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Neutrophils are only a single kind of white blood cell, but they are often the ones responsible for predisposing someone to disease when numbers are low due to chemo

Low red blood cell levels during chemo is known as chemotherapy-induced anemia. It can happen due to loss of blood from surgery or from the effect of chemo on red blood cell production in the bone marrow. 

 

A low level of platelets during chemo is known as chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Platelet levels might also be low while treatment is ongoing due to bleeding from surgical intervention.

This is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   

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Synthetic platelets could save lives

Researchers have created nanoparticles that mimic blood platelets. The artificial platelets could accelerate the healing process and can also be used for targeted therapies

Stanching the free flow of blood from an injury remains a holy grail of clinical medicine. Controlling blood flow is a primary concern and first line of defense for patients and medical staff in many situations, from traumatic injury to illness to surgery. If control is not established within the first few minutes of a hemorrhage, further treatment and healing are impossible.

At University of California Santa Barbara, researchers have turned to the human body's own mechanisms for inspiration in dealing with the necessary and complicated process of coagulation. By creating nanoparticles that mimic the shape, flexibility and surface biology of the body's own platelets, they are able to accelerate natural healing processes while opening the door to therapies and treatments that can be customised to specific patient needs.

"This is a significant milestone in the development of synthetic platelets, as well as in targeted drug delivery," said Samir Mitragotri, who specialises in targeted therapy technologies. Results appear in the journal ACS Nano.

HOW COAGULATION WORKS

The process of coagulation is familiar to anyone who has suffered even the most minor of injuries. Blood rushes to the site of the injury, and within minutes the flow stops as a plug forms at the site. The tissue beneath and around the plug works to knit itself back together and eventually the plug disappears.

But what we don't see is the coagulation cascade, the series of signals and other factors that promote the clotting of blood and enable the transition between a free-flowing fluid at the site and a viscous substance that brings healing factors to the injury. Coagulation is actually a choreography of various substances, among the most important of which are platelets, the blood component that accumulates at the site of the wound to form the initial plug.

"While these platelets flow in our blood, they're relatively inert," said graduate student researcher Aaron Anselmo, lead author of the paper. As soon as an injury occurs, however, the platelets, because of the physics of their shape and their response to chemical stimuli, move from the main flow to the side of the blood vessel wall and congregate, binding to the site of the injury and to each other. As they do so, the platelets release chemicals that "call" other platelets, eventually plugging the wound.

PLATELET-LIKE NANOPARTICLES

But what happens when the injury is too severe, or the patient is on anti-coagulation medication, or is otherwise impaired in his or her ability to form a clot, even for a modest or minor injury?

That's where platelet-like nanoparticles (PLNs) come in. These tiny, platelet- shaped particles that behave just like their human counterparts can be added to the blood flow to supply or augment the patient's own natural platelet supply, stemming the flow of blood and initiating the healing process, while allowing physicians and other caregivers to begin or continue the necessary treatment. Emergency situations can be brought under control faster, injuries can heal more quickly and patients can recover with fewer complications.

"We were actually able to render a 65 per cent decrease in bleeding time compared to no treatment," said Anselmo.

According to Mitragotri, the key lies in the PLNs' mimicry of the real thing. By imitating the shape and flexibility of natural platelets, PLNs can also flow to the injury site and congregate there. With surfaces functionalised with the same biochemical motifs found in their human counterparts, these PLNs also can summon other platelets to the site and bind to them, increasing the chances of forming the plug. In addition these platelets are made to dissolve into the blood after their usefulness has run out minimising complications.

These synthetic platelets also let the researchers improve on nature. According to Anselmo's investigations, for the same surface properties and shape, nanoscale particles can perform even better than micron-size platelets. Additionally, it allows for customisation with other therapeutic substances such as medications and targeted therapies.

Bloodborne pathogens and other infectious agents could be minimised with antibiotic-carrying nanoparticles. Particles could be made to fulfill certain requirements to travel to certain parts of the body - across the blood-brain barrier, for instance - for better diagnostics and truly targeted therapies. They are also cheap and have a long shelf life.

 THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.








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Injectable Medications for Knee Osteoarthritis

If you have knee osteoarthritis, doctors can offer a variety of treatments to relieve your symptoms. One option is to inject medication into your knee.

There are different types of injections, and they're an important part of treating knee osteoarthritis for many people, says  an osteoarthritis expert . Injections can be especially helpful for people who haven’t gotten relief from  ibuprofen, or people who can’t take those drugs due to side effects.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis that often affects the knees. It develops when the cartilage -- the smooth covering that protects the bones in the joint -- breaks down. The surface of the bones becomes damaged, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and disability.

How Knee Injections Work

First, your doctor will give you a shot of anaesthetic to numb your knee.  

Next, your doctor may use a needle to draw out any extra fluid that's in your knee.

After that, you'll get the pain-relieving injection, usually just below your kneecap. The shot shouldn't hurt, and the drug will work throughout the joint, says  an orthopaedic surgeon.

Different treatments have side effects that you should discuss with your doctor beforehand. The two most common types of knee injection for OA are corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid.

Reduce Inflammation With Steroids

Corticosteroid injections are useful for treating flare-ups of OA pain and swelling with fluid build-up in the knee.

These injections help relieve symptoms by reducing inflammation in the joint. But they’re not a perfect solution in every case. If you're considering this treatment, keep this in mind:

They work quickly. These injections offer “very rapid” relief, usually within 24 to 48 hours.

The benefit is short-term. On average, the pain relief lasts from 6 to12 weeks. Often, that’s long enough to get you through a flare-up of osteoarthritis until your symptoms subside.

You shouldn’t use them frequently. A corticosteroid shot often works best the first time. After that, they tend to give less relief.

In most cases, the Dr. tells his patients they can use these shots two to three times a year. Using them too often may damage cells in the knee that make cartilage.

Hyaluronic Acid

Most of the fluid in a healthy knee is hyaluronic acid. But when you have knee OA, the hyaluronic acid in your knee thins. Your doctor can inject more hyaluronic acid into your knee to boost the supply.

Studies have shown that hyaluronic acid injections may help more than pain-relief medications for some people with OA. Other studies have shown they may improve symptoms as well as corticosteroid injections do. If you're considering hyaluronic acid injections, keep these in mind:

It’s often not the first approach. Because hyaluronic acid treatments are more expensive, “we most often don’t use them as first-line therapy as much as steroids,” says a Dr. However, hyaluronic acid injections are often covered by insurance. Your doctor may suggest hyaluronic acid if:

• Your symptoms aren't improved by pain-relief medications or non-drug treatments such as heat or ice.
• You can't take pain relievers such as Advil or Motrin (ibuprofen), Aleve (naproxen sodium), or Tylenol (acetaminophen).
• A steroid shot doesn’t help enough, or you or your doctor are concerned about its side-effects.

It may work in different ways. After an injection, hyaluronic acid helps cushion and lubricate the moving parts within your knee, Altman says. This effect is fairly short-lived. But the treatment seems to also provide more long-term benefit by relieving pain and inflammation.

You may need more than one injection. Five versions of hyaluronic acid injections are available in the U.S. Some types require only one injection. Others require up to five injections, usually within a five-week period. If needed, you can get another shot after six months.

Platelet-Rich Plasma: Can It Help OA?

Another treatment getting attention is platelet-rich plasma (PRP). This requires drawing a sample of your blood and processing it to create a fluid that contains a higher-than-normal amount of platelets, tiny disks that help clot the blood. The doctor then injects the fluid back into your injured area.

The platelets in your blood contain natural chemicals that help heal injuries. Doctors have been treating other problems – like tendon damage – for more than a decade with PRP.

However, experts still know little about whether it works for knee osteoarthritis. It’s expensive,  and most insurance plans don’t cover it. As a result, this injection isn’t a common treatment for OA.

DENGUE FEVER REMEDY- JUICE OF PAPAYA LEAVES'

Dengue Fever Remedy  I would like to share this interesting discovery from a classmate's son who has just recovered from dengue fever . Apparently, his son was in the critical stage at the ICU when his blood platelet count drops to 15 after 15 litres of blood transfusion. His father was so worried that he seeks another friend's recommendation and his son was saved. He confessed to me that he gave his son raw juice of the papaya leaves . From a platelet count of 45 after 20 litres of blood transfusion, and after drinking the raw papaya leaf juice, his platelet count jumps instantly to 135. Even the doctors and nurses were surprised. After the second day he was discharged. So he asked me to pass this good news around.  Accordingly it is raw papaya leaves, 2 leaves just cleaned and pound and squeeze with filter cloth. You will only get one tablespoon per leaf.. So two tablespoon per serving once a day. Do not boil or cook or rinse with hot water, it will loose its strength. Only the leafy part and no stem or sap. It is very bitter and you have to swallow it like "Won Low Kat". But it works.  *Papaya Juice - Cure for Dengue*  You may have heard this elsewhere, but if not, I am glad to inform you that papaya juice is a natural cure for dengue fever. As dengue fever is rampant now, I think it's good to share this with all. A friend of mine had dengue last year.. It was a very serious situation for her as her platelet count had dropped to 28,000 after 3 days in hospital and water has started to fill up her lung. She had difficulty in breathing. She was only 32-year old. Doctor says there's no cure for dengue. We just have to wait for her body immune system to build up resistance against dengue and fight its own battle. She already had 2 blood transfusion and all of us were praying very hard as her platelet continued to drop since the first day she was admitted.  Fortunately her mother-in-law heard that papaya juice would help to reduce the fever and got some papaya leaves, pounded them and squeeze the juice out for her. The next day, her platelet count started to increase, her fever subside. We continued to feed her with papaya juice and she recovered after 3 days!!!  Amazing but it's true. It's believed one's body would be overheated when one is down with dengue and that also caused the patient to have fever papaya juice has cooling effect. Thus, it helps to reduce the level of heat in one's body, thus the fever will go away. I found that it's also good when one is having sore throat or suffering from heat.  Please spread the news about this as lately there are many dengue cases. It's great if such natural cure could help to ease the sufferings of dengue patients.  Furthermore it's so easily available.  Blend them and squeeze the juice! It's simple and miraculously effective!!

Cure for Dengue

I would like to share this interesting discovery from a classmate's son who has just recovered from dengue fever. Apparently, his son was in the critical stage at the ICU when his blood platelet count drops to 15 after 15 liters of blood transfusion.

His father was so worried that he seeks another friend's recommendation and his son was saved. He confessed to me that he gave his son raw juice of the papaya leaves. From a platelet count of 45 after 20 liters of blood transfusion, and after drinking the raw papaya leaf juice, his platelet count jumps instantly to 135. Even the doctors and nurses were surprised. After the second day he was discharged. So he asked me to pass this good news around.

Accordingly it is raw papaya leaves, 2pcs just cleaned and pound and squeeze with filter cloth. You will only get one tablespoon per leaf.. So two tablespoon per serving once a day. Do not boil or cook or rinse with hot water, it will loose its strength. Only the leafy part and no stem or sap. It is very bitter and you have to swallow it like "Won Low Kat". But it works.

*Papaya Juice - Cure for Dengue*

You may have heard this elsewhere but if not I am glad to inform you that papaya juice is a natural cure for dengue fever. As dengue fever is rampant now, I think it's good to share this with all.

A friend of mine had dengue last year.. It was a very serious situation for her as her platelet count had dropped to 28,000 after 3 days in hospital and water has started to fill up her lung. She had difficulty in breathing. She was only 32-year old. Doctor says there's no cure for dengue. We just have to wait for her body immune system to build up resistance against dengue and fight its own battle. She already had 2 blood transfusion and all of us were praying very hard as her platelet continued to drop since the first day she was admitted.

Fortunately her mother-in-law heard that papaya juice would help to reduce the fever and got some papaya leaves, pounded them and squeeze the juice out for her. The next day, her platelet count started to increase, her fever subside. We continued to feed her with papaya juice and she recovered after 3 days!!!

Amazing but it's true. It's believed one's body would be overheated when one is down with dengue and that also caused the patient to have fever papaya juice has cooling effect. Thus, it helps to reduce the level of heat in one's body, thus the fever will go away. I found that it's also good when one is having sore throat or suffering from heat.

Please spread the news about this as lately there are many dengue cases. It's great if such natural cure could help to ease the sufferings of dengue patients.

Furthermore it's so easily available.

Blend them and squeeze the juice! It's simple and miraculously effective!!