Probiotics might help in treating bipolar disorder

A probiotic supplement may help reduce inflammation of the gut, which is known to exacerbate bipolar disorder as well as other psychiatric mood disorders, say researchers. Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric condition characterised by dramatic shifts in mood from depression to mania.

According to the study, the probiotic supplement is aimed at reducing inflammation caused by microbial imbalances in the gut. Probiotic organisms are non-pathogenic bacteria that, when present in the gut flora, are known to improve the overall health of the host.

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The team showed that participants in the study who received the probiotic supplement, on average, did not return to the hospital as quickly and required less in-patient treatment time compared to the placebo group. In addition, the beneficial effects were most pronounced in those patients who exhibited abnormally high levels of inflammation at the beginning of the study.

Currently, the standard treatment for the disease includes a combination of psychotherapy and prescription medications such as mood stabilisers and antipsychotics.

"The changes in intestinal inflammation can alter the trajectory of psychiatric mood disorders and that modulating the intestinal microbiota may be a new avenue of treatment for patients suffering from these diseases," researchers noted.

For the study, the team studied a group of patients hospitalised for mania participated in a six-month study to track the effects of probiotic treatment on both their mood and the status of their immune system.

The patients were randomly selected to receive either the probiotic supplement or a placebo in addition to their usual medications.

Gut microbes could reveal more about cirrhosis patients

The gut microbiome, a collection of bacteria and other microbes in the gut, can prove to be a highly predictor of hospitalisation for cirrhosis patients, according to researchers. Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver fails to function properly.

"The hospitalisations that take place with cirrhosis are exorbitantly expensive," said the study's lead author.

"Anything that helps us predict the likelihood of hospitalization is better than the status quo," he said.

The study, determined that analysis of microbial DNA and microbial RNA could be used alongside current clinical methods to more accurately predict 90-day hospitalisations for these patients.

Microbial DNA analysis identifies live and dead bacterial species, while microbial RNA analysis identifies the most metabolically active microbial species.

Cirrhosis is a leading cause of increased health expenditures due to hospitalizations and of mortality worldwide, according to the experts.

The researchers theorised that relative abundances of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in the gut microbiome would be accurate predictors of hospitalisation because of their link with inflammation, which often leads to infection.

"One of the major sources of inflammation in patients with cirrhosis or individuals who are obese is pathogenic bacteria, so, we began looking at gut microbes," he said.

"People with cirrhosis who are hospitalised tend to get a very big inflammatory surge in their body because of infections and other organ failures," he added.

The researchers conducted a trial of patients with cirrhosis who were classified according to cirrhosis-related complications, such as renal dysfunction and infection.

Both DNA and RNA analysis were found to be equally effective at predicting hospitalisation when combined with the standard predictive blood test.

They also were more effective than the standard predictive blood test score alone, the study said.

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This ultraviolet light safely kills airborne flu virus:

Researchers have found that continuous low doses of "far ultraviolet C" (far-UVC) light can kill airborne flu viruses without harming human tissues.

According to the researchers, the use of overhead "far-UVC" light in public spaces could provide a powerful check on seasonal influenza epidemics, as well as influenza pandemics.

"If our results are confirmed in other settings, it follows that the use of overhead low-level far-UVC light in public locations would be a safe and efficient method for limiting the transmission and spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases" said the lead author of the study.

Influenza virus spreads from person to person mainly through fine liquid droplets, or aerosols, that become airborne when people with flu cough, sneeze, or talk. 

This study, published was designed to test if "far-UVC" light could efficiently kill aerosolised influenza virus in the air, in a setting similar to a public space, the researchers said.

In the study, aerosolised H1N1 virus -- a common strain of flu virus -- was released into a test chamber and exposed to very low doses of 222 nm "far-UVC" light. 

A control group of aerosolized virus was not exposed to the UVC light. The "far-UVC" light efficiently inactivated the flu viruses, with about the same efficiency as conventional germicidal UV light.

"The 'far-UVC' light has a very limited range and cannot penetrate through the outer dead-cell layer of human skin or the tear layer in the eye, so it's not a human health hazard," the researcher said.
"But because viruses and bacteria are much smaller than human cells, far-UVC light can reach their DNA and kill them," the researcher noted.

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Sleeping with dentures may double pneumonia risk

Wearing dentures while sleeping can double the risk of pneumonia in elderly, scientists have found.

In a study published in the International and American Associations for Dental Research, scientists investigated associations between a constellation of oral health behaviours and incidences of pneumonia in elderly aged 85 years or older.

At baseline, 524 randomly selected seniors (228 males, 296 females) were examined for oral health status and oral hygiene behaviours as well as medical assessment, including blood chemistry analysis, and followed up annually until first hospitalisation for or death from pneumonia.

Over a three-year follow-up period, 48 events associated with pneumonia were identified (20 deaths and 28 acute hospitalisations).

Among 453 denture wearers, 186 (40.8 per cent) who wore their dentures during sleep, were at higher risk for pneumonia than those who removed their dentures at night.

Researchers found that both perceived swallowing difficulties and overnight denture wearing were independently associated with approximately 2.3-fold higher risk of the incidence of pneumonia, which was comparable with the high risk attributable to cognitive impairment, history of stroke and respiratory disease.

In addition, those who wore dentures while sleeping were more likely to have tongue and denture plaque and gum inflammation.

"This study provides empirical evidence that denture wearing during sleep is associated not only with oral inflammatory and microbial burden but also with incident pneumonia, suggesting potential implications of oral hygiene programmes for pneumonia prevention in the community," researchers said.

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Fiber not just for weight loss- but also to prevent asthma

Diet has more to do with asthma than previously assumed, a report from the Swiss Nat'l Science Foundation concluded. Researchers found in experiments on mice that lack of fiber in diet paved the way for allergic reactions in lungs, such as asthma. It's known that microbial diversity in the stomach helps prevent diseases such as cancer. The study showed for the 1st time such bacteria can aid lung health as well. The finding could lead to improved diet for asthma patients.

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