Novel technique could provide early lung cancer diagnosis

Researchers have developed a new technique that has the potential to identify specific lung cancer markers at the earliest possible stage in a convenient and reusable way.

The new technique could create a highly sensitive graphene biosensor with the capability to detect molecules of the most-common lung cancer bio-markers.

In addition, the new biosensor design could revolutionise the existing electronic nose (e-nose) devices that identify specific components of a specific vapour mixture — a person’s breath — and analyses its chemical make-up to identify the cause.

“The new biosensors which we have developed show that graphene has significant potential for use as an electrode in e-nose devices.

“For the first time, we have shown that with suitable patterning graphene can be used as a specific, selective and sensitive detector for bio-markers,” said a researcher.

With further development of the devices, a cheap, reusable and accurate breath test for early-stage detection of lung cancer can become a reality, the researchers added in a paper published recently.

Lung cancer is one of the most common and aggressive cancers, killing around 1.4 million people worldwide each year.

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Artificial Retinas Made Of This Ultra-Thin Super Material Could Help Millions See Again

There’s a reason researchers call graphene a " super material.” Even though it’s just a single layer of carbon atoms thick, it’s super strong, super flexible, and super light. It also conducts electricity, and is biodegradable. Now an international team of researchers has found a way to use the super material: to create artificial retinas.

ARTIFICIAL RETINAS. The retina is the layer of light-sensitive cells at the back of the eye responsible for converting images into impulses that the brain can interpret. And without a functional one, a person simply can’t see.

Currently, millions of people suffer from retinal diseases that strip them of their vision. To help them see again, researchers have developed artificial retinas. What we’ve got now, though, isn’t exactly ideal — because the implants are rigid and flat, the images they produce are often blurry or distorted. And even though the implants are fragile, they can also somehow damage nearby eye tissue.

Graphene, with all its unique attributes, might be the key to creating a better artificial retina.

GRAPHENE TO THE RESCUE. Using a combination of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (another 2D material), gold, alumina, and silicon nitrate, researchers constructed an artificial retina  better than existing models.

Based on studies in the lab and in animal subjects, the researchers determined that their artificial retina is both bio-compatible and capable of mimicking human eye features. And it better matches the dimensions of a natural retina to boot.

“This is the first demonstration that you can use few-layer graphene and molybdenum disulfide to successfully fabricate an artificial retina,” said the researcher. “Although this research is still in its infancy, it is a very exciting starting point for the use of these materials to restore vision.”

If further studies on the graphene-containing artificial retina goes as the researchers hope, we could eventually add another super power to the super material’s resume: restoring sight to the visually impaired.

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