What is Gynaecological cancer?- Uterine, Vaginal, Vulva, Ovarian, Cervical cancers

Gynaecological cancer is group of cancers that affects a woman's reproductive organs, namely the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva. 

Common symptoms of gynaecology cancer
A women suffering with gynaecology cancer, usually shows following symptoms initially. After noticing these symptoms, women should consult a gynaecological oncologist at its earliest.

-Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
-Vaginal bleeding during, after sexual intercourse or inter-menstrual bleeding
-White discharge in vagina
-Enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvic area
-Persistent abdominal swelling or bloating

Types of gynaecology cancer

1: Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is caused by the presence and persistence of the Human Papiloma Virus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted disease. Cervical cancer usually develops very slowly. It starts as a precancerous condition called dysplasia. This precancerous condition can be detected by a pap smear test. That is why it is so important for women to get regular Pap smears. Most women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer today have not had regular Pap smears or they have not followed up on abnormal Pap smear results.

2: Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is cancer that starts in the ovaries. The ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs.

Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial carcinomas (cancer that begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary) or malignant germ cell tumours (cancer that begins in egg cells). Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early. Many times, women with ovarian cancer have no symptoms or just mild symptoms until the disease is in an advanced stage and hard to treat.

 3: Uterine cancer
The two common forms of uterine cancer are cervical (from the neck of the uterus) and endometrial (from the lining of the corpus or body of the uterus). The earliest stage of uterine cancer is called carcinoma in situ (cancer confined to its original site). If not detected and treated properly, cancer cells penetrate into deeper layers of the uterus, then spread to neighbouring organs such as the vagina, bladder or rectum and eventually metastasise to other parts of the body. At higher risk of cervical are women who have unusual bleeding or vaginal discharge between periods, had frequent sex before age of 20 or sex with many partners, and women with poor genital hygiene. The Pap test is highly accurate in detecting cervical cancer at an early stage. It can also show cell changes that could develop into cancer. The Pap test takes but a few minutes, it is completely painless, and can be done in the physicians' office.

 4: Vaginal cancer
Cancer of the vagina is a rare kind of cancer in women. In vaginal cancer, (malignant) cancer cells are found in the tissues of the vagina. There are many different types of cancer of the vagina squamous cell cancer (squamous carcinoma), adenocarcinoma, malignant mela-nomas and sarcomas.

 5: Vulva cancer
Vulva cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals called the vulva. The vulva includes the inner and outer lips of the vagina, the clitoris (sensitive tissue between the lips), and the opening of the vagina and its glands.



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Ob-Gyn Group Lists Procedures That May Not Be Needed

Five tests and procedures that obstetricians/gynaecologists and their patients should question the need for are outlined.

• Elective, non-medically indicated inductions of labour or caesarean deliveries should not be scheduled before 39 weeks' gestation. Delivery prior to 39 weeks has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of learning disabilities and a potential increase in illness and death.
• Elective, non-medically indicated inductions of labour between 39 weeks' and 41 weeks' gestation should not be scheduled unless the cervix is deemed favourable.
• Routine annual Pap tests are not needed in women aged 30 to 65. In average-risk women, an annual screening offers no advantages over screening every three years.
• Treatment is not needed in average-risk women who have "mild dysplasia," which is associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV), for a period of less than two years.
• For average-risk women with no symptoms, there is no need to screen for ovarian cancer. In these women, the potential harms of screening outweigh the potential benefits.