What is Gynaecological cancer?- Uterine, Vaginal, Vulva, Ovarian, Cervical cancers

Gynaecological cancer is group of cancers that affects a woman's reproductive organs, namely the cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva. 

Common symptoms of gynaecology cancer
A women suffering with gynaecology cancer, usually shows following symptoms initially. After noticing these symptoms, women should consult a gynaecological oncologist at its earliest.

-Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
-Vaginal bleeding during, after sexual intercourse or inter-menstrual bleeding
-White discharge in vagina
-Enlarged lymph nodes in the pelvic area
-Persistent abdominal swelling or bloating

Types of gynaecology cancer

1: Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is caused by the presence and persistence of the Human Papiloma Virus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted disease. Cervical cancer usually develops very slowly. It starts as a precancerous condition called dysplasia. This precancerous condition can be detected by a pap smear test. That is why it is so important for women to get regular Pap smears. Most women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer today have not had regular Pap smears or they have not followed up on abnormal Pap smear results.

2: Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is cancer that starts in the ovaries. The ovaries are the female reproductive organs that produce eggs.

Most ovarian cancers are either ovarian epithelial carcinomas (cancer that begins in the cells on the surface of the ovary) or malignant germ cell tumours (cancer that begins in egg cells). Ovarian cancer is hard to detect early. Many times, women with ovarian cancer have no symptoms or just mild symptoms until the disease is in an advanced stage and hard to treat.

 3: Uterine cancer
The two common forms of uterine cancer are cervical (from the neck of the uterus) and endometrial (from the lining of the corpus or body of the uterus). The earliest stage of uterine cancer is called carcinoma in situ (cancer confined to its original site). If not detected and treated properly, cancer cells penetrate into deeper layers of the uterus, then spread to neighbouring organs such as the vagina, bladder or rectum and eventually metastasise to other parts of the body. At higher risk of cervical are women who have unusual bleeding or vaginal discharge between periods, had frequent sex before age of 20 or sex with many partners, and women with poor genital hygiene. The Pap test is highly accurate in detecting cervical cancer at an early stage. It can also show cell changes that could develop into cancer. The Pap test takes but a few minutes, it is completely painless, and can be done in the physicians' office.

 4: Vaginal cancer
Cancer of the vagina is a rare kind of cancer in women. In vaginal cancer, (malignant) cancer cells are found in the tissues of the vagina. There are many different types of cancer of the vagina squamous cell cancer (squamous carcinoma), adenocarcinoma, malignant mela-nomas and sarcomas.

 5: Vulva cancer
Vulva cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals called the vulva. The vulva includes the inner and outer lips of the vagina, the clitoris (sensitive tissue between the lips), and the opening of the vagina and its glands.



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