Migraine increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth

Despite the fact that many women who suffer migraines find that the number and severity of these severe headaches decrease during pregnancy, migraines are now being linked to elevated blood pressure, abortions, caesareans, preterm births and babies with low birth weight. 

"The study shows that pregnant women with migraine more often have complications in connection with their pregnancy and childbirth than women who don't suffer from migraine. Newborn babies whose mothers suffered from migraine during pregnancy also have an increased risk of complications such as respiratory distress and febrile seizures," says a researcher.

The researchers behind the study used the Danish health registers to identify more than 22,000 pregnant women with migraine who were in contact with a hospital as a result of their migraine or had received at least two prescriptions for migraine medication. The group was compared with an approximately ten times larger group of pregnant women without known migraine.

One finding in the study is that the risk of caesarean sections is between 15-25 percent higher for pregnant women with migraine compared with pregnant women without migraine. Around twenty percent of all births in Denmark are by caesarean section.

Researchers have also used the same data to deduce that migraine medication possibly prevents some of the complications. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, as she explains:
"The study was not specifically designed to examine this aspect. However, we show that the risk of complications generally was lower for pregnant women with migraine who took medication when compared with the pregnant women with migraines who were not treated. This also indicates that the migraine medication isn't the cause of the complications, but rather the migraine itself. This is important knowledge for pregnant women with migraines," says the researcher.

Migraines are relatively common and affect twice as many women as men. The actual cause remains unknown, but previous research suggests that migraines may be triggered by stress, fatigue, or hormonal changes such as pregnancy.

"Paradoxically, women of childbearing age are particularly hard hit by migraines. Although experience shows that migraines become milder during pregnancy, this study emphasizes that the healthcare service should be particularly aware of pregnant women with migraine," she says. 

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Study links immune responses to environmental exposures early in life

Environmental exposures – such as obstetric factors, farm dust and air pollution – early in life can modify immune responses in adolescents.
 
There is strong evidence that different exposures early in life can alter the risk of allergic diseases. One of these exposures is farming. Exposure to the farm environment in childhood, and even prenatally, has been shown to decrease the risk of allergic diseases.

On the other hand, being born by caesarean section is recognised as a risk factor. The roles of other obstetric factors are less studied. Another harmful exposure is air pollution, and especially exposure to particulate matter, which has been shown to increase asthma prevalence and exacerbations in children. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, causing a delay in the development of asthma-preventive strategies.

Earlier studies have shown that immunological development and maturation starts already during pregnancy and in early childhood. Therefore, exposure at this critical point of immune development may modify immune responses and cells, and thus influence the risk of allergies and other immune diseases.

The study explored how different exposures during pregnancy, birth or childhood modulate asthma-related immune responses in children. The study focused on three different exposures: one that is asthma-protective (farming) and two that predispose to asthma (caesarean section and air pollution).

“We studied whether circulating dendritic cells associate with farming, asthma or atopy, whether obstetric factors affect immune responses at teenage in children born by caesarean section, and whether farm dust and urban air particulate matter have immunomodulatory effects on children’s circulating immune cells,” said a researcher.

The studied environmental exposures were associated with asthma-related immune responses. Inverse association between farm exposure and one of the subsets studied, and the association between this subset and asthma in farm children, suggested that this subset plays a role in farm-related immunoregulation.

On the other hand, the lack of natural birth processes during delivery and neonatal intensive care treatment seemed to lead to long-lasting alterations of immune responses. The observed stimulatory effects of farm dust and inhibitory effects of particulate matter on immune responses indicate that these exposures could modify responses towards respiratory pathogens and allergens, and partly explain differences in asthma prevalence between the studied environments.

The study demonstrated associations between diverse early life exposures and immune responses, both ex vivo and in vitro. Some changes in immune responses seemed to be observable up to teenage. The study revealed some of the potential immunological mechanisms behind different exposures and advanced knowledge of immune mechanisms that either protect from or predispose to asthma.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/                                                                                                                                                                             FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                                                             https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/                                                                                       FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com

 
 

C-section in first birth ups risk of stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy later

A new study has indicated that women who have a C-section in first delivery, might be at a slightly increased risk for ectopic pregnancy and stillbirth in future pregnancies.

 But, the researchers are quick to point out that the risk of the complication is very low.

The findings of the research have been based on the analysis of data from nearly 833,000 first-time mothers in Denmark. It was found that those whose baby was delivered by cesarean section had a 14 percent higher rate of stillbirth in their next pregnancy than those who had a vaginal delivery.

This means that the absolute risk increase comes out to be 0.03 percent, a significantly low value. In easier to understand terms, this implies that that for every 3,000 cesarean deliveries, there would be one extra stillbirth in future pregnancies.

Furthermore, women who had a cesarean delivery for their first baby were 9 percent more likely to have a future ectopic pregnancy than those who had a vaginal delivery, according to the researchers at University College Cork in Ireland and Aarhus University in Denmark.

The absolute increased risk for ectopic pregnancies comes out to be 0.1 percent, which means that for every 1,000 cesarean deliveries, there would be one extra ectopic pregnancy in future pregnancies.

However, having a cesarean delivery for a first baby did not increase women's risk of miscarriage in future pregnancies.

 

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Is C-section bad for babies' immunity?

Is Caesarean section bad for babies' immunity? Well, a new study has suggested that the children delivered by Caesarean section (C-section) may have lower immunity than the children born by natural birth.

 The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Copenhagen.
During the study the researchers scrutinized the impact of birth on the development of the immune system of newborn mouse pups.
The researchers found that pups which took birth as a result of Caesarean section have got a lower number of cells that strengthen the immune system, said Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, Assistant Professor at the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology.
A Caesarean section is used to define a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through the abdomen and uterus of a woman to deliver one or more babies. It is sometimes done to remove a dead fetus.
The C-section is recommended by the doctors in cases where the baby cannot be delivered through a normal vaginal delivery. This is likely to happen when the woman has twins (or triplets etc), a breach delivery is expected (baby is descending legs first instead of the head), the baby is large, there is some problem with the uterus or a placenta previa is detected.
Caesareans are of two types: the lower-segment caesarean section or LSCS and the older classical section. In an LSCS, the incision is placed at the lower end of uterus and this incision has many advantages both during the surgery and for post-operative recovery. The doctors perform C-section under the effect of an epidural or spinal anaesthesia.

 

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Cesarean babies at increased risk of obesity

Babies delivered by cesarean section may be at 26 per cent increased risk of becoming overweight or obese as adults than those born by normal delivery, scientists
including one of Indian-origin have warned.The finding is based on combined data from 15 studies with over 38,000 participants.

The researchers, from Imperial College London, said there are good reasons why many women should have a C-section, but mothers should be aware that there might be long-term consequences for their children.

Around one in three to four births in UK are by cesarean section, around twice as many as in 1990. In some countries, the rate is much higher, with 60 per cent of mothers in China and almost half in Brazil having the procedure.

Some previous studies have suggested that the odds of other adverse long-term outcomes, such asthma and type 1 diabetes in childhood, are also higher in babies born by cesarean.

The new study, which includes data from 10 countries, found that the average BMI of adults born by cesarean section is around half a unit more than those born by vaginal delivery. It is the largest to show a link between cesarean delivery and BMI in adulthood, researchers said.

The authors say they cannot be certain that cesarean delivery causes higher body weight, as the association may be explained by other factors that weren't recorded in the data they analysed. “There are good reasons why C-section may be the best option for many mothers and their babies, and C-sections can on occasion be life-saving,” Professor Neena Modi from the Department of Medicine at Imperial College London, the report’s senior author, said. “However, we need to understand the long-term outcomes in order to provide the best advice to women who are considering cesarean delivery,” said Modi. She also added, “This study shows that babies born by C-section are more likely to be overweight or obese later in life. We now need to determine whether this is the result of the C-section, or if other reasons explain the association,”

Dr Matthew Hyde, one of the researchers, said that there are plausible mechanisms by which cesarean delivery might influence later body weight. The types of healthy bacteria in the gut differ in babies born by cesarean and vaginal delivery, which can have broad effects on health. “Also, the compression of the baby during vaginal birth appears to influence which genes are switched on, and this could have a long-term effect on metabolism,” Hyde said.

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Exercise may boost mood in pregnant women

Tired, moody and pregnant? Get some exercise!

Exercise may improve the mood of pregnant women and 

help reduce their levels of fatigue, a new study has found.

The study,  examined whether a four week exercise 

intervention programme would result in improvements in 

the psychological well-being of previously inactive 

pregnant women.

The results were clear, with participants reporting 

significant improvements in their mood during the 

programme.

They also saw reduced levels of fatigue, suggesting that 

pregnant women should be encouraged to engage in 

regular exercise to improve both psychological and physical 

well-being.

While postpartum mood disorders like postnatal depression 

are widely recognised, rates of depression, anxiety and 

fatigue are actually higher during pregnancy than 

following pregnancy.

Possible complications resulting from depression during 

pregnancy include insufficient weight gain, increased 

substance use, premature birth, small babies and reduced 

intention to breastfeed.

The authors highlighted that children of mothers who are 

depressed or anxious during pregnancy have higher 

cortisol levels at birth and adolescence, impaired cognition 

skills and greater risk of developmental and mental 

disorders.

Moreover, fatigue during pregnancy has been associated 

with increased risk of caesarean delivery, disturbed sleep, 

and a negative impact on physical and mental health.

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