Did you know the fetus too has gut bacteria ?

The human microbiome is estimated to consist of over a trillion bacteria in a single person, with 10 times the number of microbial cells to every human cell.

 

Fetus has its own microbiome or communities of bacteria living in the gut which helps them to develop their immune system and metabolism.

Researchers also confirmed that fetal microbiome is transmitted from the mother.

These findings open the door to potential interventions during pregnancy to stimulate the fetal microbiome when a premature birth is expected, to help the baby grow faster and be better equipped to tolerate early life infection risk.

"Our study provides strong proof that a complex microbiome is transmitted from the mother to the fetus," said senior author.

"Unlike other studies relying only on next-generation DNA sequencing, we validated our sequencing results with microscopy and culture techniques, to resolve a decades-long controversy about the existence of a fetal microbiome," continued the Dr.

Now we can pursue ways to boost the development of the fetal immune system and metabolism by stimulating mom's microbiome. Our findings point to many promising opportunities for much earlier intervention to prevent future disease," added the Dr.

The human microbiome is estimated to consist of over a trillion bacteria in a single person, with 10 times the number of microbial cells to every human cell.

Research has established that specific microbiome characteristics play causal roles in obesity, allergy, asthma, diabetes, autoimmune disease, depression and a variety of cancers.

"Establishing a dynamic microbiome in the fetus leads us to suspect that controlled exposure to microbes trains the developing immune system and metabolism," said the Dr.

"We need more research to better understand the mechanisms involved and how we can intervene to improve children's health at the start of life and beyond," concluded the Dr.

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After all that talk of staying away from the sun, here comes a study that supports spending some time soaking up the sun. Research suggests that people who live at higher latitudes, with less exposure to sunlight and a consequent lack of vitamin D, are at a greater risk of developing cancer, including leukemia--a type of blood cancer.

Post an analysis of the incidence rates of leukemia in 172 countries, the researchers found that people living in higher latitudes are at twice the risk of developing leukemia than those living in equatorial regions.

"These results suggest that much of the burden of leukemia worldwide is due to the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency we are experiencing in winter in populations distant from the equator," said Cedric Garland, adjunct professor at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine in the US.
 
Countries close to the poles including Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Ireland, Canada and the United States are the ones with the highest rate of leukemia. However the opposite was true in the countries close to the equator like Bolivia, Samoa, Madagascar and Nigeria.

"People who live in areas with low solar ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure tend to have low levels of vitamin D metabolites in their blood. These low levels place them at high risk of certain cancers, including leukemia," Garland added.

Vitamin D is produced abundantly in the body when ultraviolet radiation from sunlight strikes the skin and triggers synthesis.
The age-adjusted rates of incidence of leukemia in 172 countries were analysed from GLOBOCAN, an international agency for research on cancer, that is a part of the World Health Organization. The information was then compared with cloud cover data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.

The study ultimately proved that low exposure to UVB radiation and lower vitamin D levels increased a person's vulnerability to cancer. 

The findings were published online, in the journal PLOS One.