Human brain cells develop throughout life

Human beings keep making new brain cells throughout their lives, even into the 90s, a finding that may pave the way to treatments for Alzheimer’s disease –linked to loss in brain cells, according to a study. Scientists had earlier thought that most of our neurons – brain cells that send electrical signals – are indeed in place by the time we are born.

The team looked at the brains of 58 deceased people who were aged between 43 and 97 and focused on the hippocampus – a part of the brain involved in memory and emotion – lost in Alzheimer’s patients. They were able to spot immature or “new” neurons in the brains that they examined, the BBC reported.

In healthy brains there was a “slight decrease” in the amount of this neurogenesis with age. “I believe we would be generating new neurons as long as we need to learn new things,” researcher was quoted .  “And that occurs during every single second of our life,” she added.

However, the study says in people at the beginning of Alzheimer’s, the number of new neurons forming fell from 30,000 per millimetre to 20,000 per millimetre. “That’s a 30 per cent reduction in the very first stage of the disease,”she said.

“It’s very surprising for us, it’s even before the accumulation of amyloid beta (a hallmark of Alzheimer’s) and probably before symptoms, it’s very early.”

Understanding why there is a decrease in neurogenesis could lead to new treatments in both Alzheimer’s and normal ageing, she said.

“While we start losing nerve cells in early adulthood, this research shows that we can continue to produce new ones even into our 90s,” said a researcher.

Alzheimer’s radically accelerates the rate at which we lose nerve cells and this research provides convincing evidence that it also limits the creation of new nerve cells.”

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Vitamin B12 or scientifically called as Cobalamin- Functions In our bodies

Vitamin B12 plays a major role by controlling several factors of the human body. These are necessary for the body to run well and stay healthy.
Some of the key functions of Vitamin B12 are listed below:

1. It is responsible for the conversion of raw carbohydrate matter that enters into the body in the form of food into glucose that is the driving energy for the body. Therefore, in a way it helps to keep the continuity of energy production in the human body and its deficiency, therefore, can lead to fatigue or weakness.
2. Every single nature of human cells is related to the DNA and RNA that define the genetics and hereditary factors of a human body. Vitamin B12 assists in the creation of this DNA and RNA.
3. Vitamin B12 also helps in the production of nerve cells in the human body by maintaining the covering of the nerve cells or neurons known as the myelin sheaths. This helps to free the body from the reach of toxins and free radicals that can be very harmful to the human body. Hence, any shortage of Vitamin B12 can damage the nerve cells in a considerable manner.
4. The bones of the human body need Vitamin B12 as well and any deficiency of Vitamin B12 can cause osteoporosis and other bone issues.
5. Vitamin B12 in association with another vitamin known as Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid) helps in the manufacture of red blood cells that help in impressive iron functioning, which is the main oxygen carrier of the human blood. Quite evidently, its deficiency can lead to shortness of breath and other breathing disorders.
6. Even heart requires an adequate amount of Vitamin B12 along with Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B9 so that appropriate levels of amino acid named homocysteine are produced that is a deciding factor in heart diseases.
7. Vitamin B12 is an essential component affecting the brain health too, and any deficiency of Vitamin B12 can often lead to various brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and the like.

In fact, Vitamin B12 has also been found to regulate mood and emotions of humans. Above all, Vitamin B12 is vital for keeping an individual happy and healthy by revitalising the body cells and making him or her feel youthful and vibrant all the time.

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'Mini heart' created from stem cell !

Taking a giant leap in tissue engineering from organ repair to organ creation, a researcher has designed a 'mini heart' to help return blood flow from veins lacking functional valves.

"We can make a new heart outside of one's own heart," said lead researcher Narine Sarvazyan, a professor of pharmacology and physiology at the George Washington University.

A rhythmically contracting cuff made of cardiac muscle cells surrounds the vein acting as a 'mini heart' to aid blood flow through venous segments.

The cuff can be made of a patient's own adult stem cells, eliminating the chance of implant rejection, the study noted.

"We are suggesting, for the first time, to use stem cells to create, rather than just repair damaged organs," Sarvazyan commented.

The novel approach of creating 'mini hearts' may help to solve chronic venous insufficiency which is one of the most pervasive diseases.

Sluggish venous blood flow is also an issue for those with diseases such as diabetes, and for those with paralysis or recovering from surgery.

The study appeared in the Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

 THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.








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