Obesity linked to substantial risk of severe course of COVID-19

Researchers at the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), the Boston Children's Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health have found that obesity may associate with a substantial risk of a severe course of COVID-19.This therefore calls for more research about the relationships of obesity, disproportionate fat distribution and impaired metabolic health with the severity of COVID-19.The study has been published in the journal Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

The authors raise the point that most of the studies that have reported comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 did not provide data on body weight and height, which are used to estimate adipose tissue mass, by calculating the BMI. In their Comment they also briefly summarize novel research findings, deriving in part from articles which have not yet undergone peer-review, indicating that overweight and, particularly, obesity may associate with a substantial risk of a severe course of COVID-19. Importantly, these studies suggest that this risk is independent of cardiometabolic diseases and other comorbidities.

The authors then discuss possible mechanisms explaining this relationship. Among them respiratory dysfunction in obesity may result in hypoventilation-associated pneumonia and hypoxia-induced cardiac stress. Furthermore, they highlight that not only the calculation of the BMI, but also the measurement of the waist circumference and of glucose and insulin levels, which can be used to determine the presence of prediabetes and insulin resistance, may be important, as these parameters are independent determinants of cardiometabolic diseases, pneumonia and mortality.

This is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     

https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

A new cellular protein involved in discovering obesity

Researchers have found that the depletion of iRhom2 protein in mice contributes to less fat in the body and increases energy consumption in fat depots known as adipose tissue.

Obesity is becoming increasing in the global range, a disease that has been seen to be a serious public health issue. Nearly  half of the population in Portugal is overweight and nearly 1 million adults have obesity. Known as cardiovascular and diabetes risk factor, obesity is associated with chronic fat tissue inflammation.

Colin Adrain who is a principal investigator of the research said, during the research, they found that " iRhom2 protein is strongly present in metabolic tissues and organs, which made it to decide to study the role of iRhom2 in obesity in more detail.

The study demonstrated how the researchers reached the results, they used an animal model, comparing groups with iRhom2 deletion to controls, and feeding them with a normal diet versus a high-fat diet.

Surprisingly, they found that during obesity, iRhom2 protein levels increase specifically in brown adipose tissue in obese animals compared to controls. Following up on this, they found that, on a high-fat diet, the animals lacking iRhom2 protein were metabolically more healthy than their wild type counterparts.

The main author of the paper explained that the deletion of iRhom2 led to enhanced energy consumption in adipose tissue, which protected animals from fat accumulation and inflammation, fatty liver and insulin resistance when the animals were placed on a diet that predisposed them to obesity.

Furthermore, the researchers found that ' at the cellular level deletion of iRhom2 leads to an increase in thermogenesis ( heat production) in brown adipose tissue. Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue is an important physiological mechanism to consume excess body energy.

Interestingly no deleterious side effects were found in the animals with iRhom2 deletion, indicating that blocking iRhom2 may potentially be beneficial in the treatment of obesity and associated complications.

However, researchers intend to further explore the mechanisms and types of cells involved in obesity control iRhom2 and to identify the specific targets involved in the protection against obesity-associated with loss of iRhom2.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.     
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement 

Lipids in humans can help control blood sugar levels

The discovery with the lipid known as 12-HEPE can pave the way for new treatments for diabetes, said the team from Brazil, the US and Germany.

The group also observed that a drug used to treat urinary dysfunction  increases the amount of 12-HEPE released into the bloodstream in human patients.

White adipose tissue, one of the two types of adipose tissue in mammals, including humans, stores excess energy as fat.

The other kind is brown adipose tissue, which converts energy from food into heat and contributes to thermal regulation.

The function of the lipid “12-HEPE” was unknown until the group discovered that blood sugar was reduced more efficiently in obese mice treated with 12-HEPE than in untreated mice after they were injected with a concentrated glucose solution.

According to the paper published in the journal Cell Metabolism, the beneficial effect of 12-HEPE on glucose tolerance in obese mice was due to its promotion of glucose uptake into both skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.

The discovery lays a foundation for the development of new drugs to combat diabetes and possible new treatments with currently available drugs.

US researchers are currently conducting tests to measure the effects of relatively low doses of the drug on blood sugar levels.

this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.   
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations  
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes    
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement     

Symptoms in Lupus Are Worsened By Obesity

Patients that have systemic lupus erythematosus – SLE that were also obese had worse symptoms than the ones that had a normal range weight, according to a cross-sectional study.

Obesity is when a person has a fat mass index (FMI) if 13 or more. Researchers have compared patients that averaged a score of 14.8 with the ones that were not obese (had FMI 11.5).
Looking at the scores from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, researchers reported  that the obese patients’ score was 19.8, while the non-obese group had only 13.1.

32% of 142 Women That Had Lupus Were Obese

In their study, the team included 142 women in the Lupus Outcomes Study, and 32% of them were obese.

The researchers used a system called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry to correctly asses fat mass. 

The FMI was calculated by dividing it by the patient’s height.

The average age in the study participants was 48. The number of obese women was more increased in black women, or in women that were less educated, or in women at or below the level of poverty. 

Most of the obese women had diabetes and a high level of C-reactive protein.

In the Survey, obese patients score worse symptoms of pain (38.7) compared to the non-obese patients (44.2). The same goes in cases of fatigue, with similar results.

What Did the Researchers Recommend?

The researchers said: “We now understand that adipose tissue is an active endocrine tissue that secretes proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines (including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) into systemic circulation.”

Katz and the team in the research now know that excess adiposity in patients that have lupus can increase the symptoms, as shown in the reports mentioned above:

“This finding has important clinical implications, as the symptoms assessed in our study are known to have profound effects on quality of life and remain an area of unmet need for the majority with the disease.”

There is a way to reduce the risks of conditions that can become fatal. The author said in a press release, that lupus patients have to change their lifestyle to lower the excess adiposity. This way, they can also reduce symptoms of lupus.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.                                                                                                                                                                                                        PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO  VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                           https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/  

FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                                                                        https:// kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com/                              
FOR CROCHET DESIGNS                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 https://my crochet creations.blogspot.com

Heart hormones protect against effects of high-fat diet

Recent research shows that elevated levels of natriuretic peptides(NPs) in adipose tissue protect against effects of high-fat diet.adipose tissues

The findings suggest that boosting levels of NPs in adipose tissue may be an important avenue to explore for combating metabolic disease.

"For years we have known that NPs control blood pressure and can promote the conversion of energy-storing 'bad' white fat into energy-burning 'good' brown fat, says the senior author on the paper.

"What we discovered in this study is the important role for NPs in managing metabolism and resisting the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet."

Made in the heart, atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides (NPs) are hormones that were originally discovered to modulate salt and water to control blood pressure. These peptides transmit their signals through natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA). Meanwhile, natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) removes NPs from circulation.

"We wanted to explore the difference between elevated levels of NPs in adipose tissue compared to skeletal muscle tissue. Understanding the distinctions can help us devise strategies and treatments to potentially improve metabolic health--including obesity and insulin resistance," says Collins.

To study this interplay, the researchers studied mice with NPRC receptors selectively knocked out in either adipose or skeletal muscle tissue. While deleting NPRC in muscle provided no protection from a high-fat diet, eliminating the receptor in adipose tissue improved insulin sensitivity, prevented obesity and increased sugar uptake in metabolism-boosting brown fat. In addition, the adipose knockout mice showed higher energy expenditure and less inflammation.

"Usually when you feed mice high-fat diets they get fatty liver," says the author. "In mice without NRPCs in adipose tissue the liver was completely clean and completely devoid of stored lipids, which I'm sure contributes to their improved overall metabolic performance."

These findings dovetail with clinical research that has shown naturally lean people tend to have higher NP concentrations in their blood. By contrast, NP clearance tends to rise in fat tissue, removing these peptides from the blood and making it more difficult for effective NP signaling to happen.

Around a third of adults in the U.S. are obese, increasing their risk for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease and other conditions. With these results, scientists can begin exploring NPs as therapeutic targets. This will require intense investigation, as any effective treatment must avoid adverse effects on blood pressure. While this study increased the NP signal by knocking out NPRCs, another approach might be to focus on NPRAs.

"I think this further reinforces that it is really the adipose tissue that's an important site to take advantage of this signaling mechanism," says the author. "We could make versions of these peptides that bind to the signaling form (NPRA) of the receptor better than the clearance form, or we could make agents that are only are recognized by the clearance receptor, thus providing better access of the NPs to NPRA.

"However, before any therapy can move forward, more work must be done to better understand these protective mechanisms and unwind the complex interrelationships between NPs, white fat, brown fat and possibly other players," adds the author.

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.



PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-                        

HTTP:GSEASYRECIPES.BLOGSPOT.COM/

FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG-                                               HTTP://KNEE REPLACEMENT-STICK CLUB.BLOGSPOT.COM/
FOR CROCHET DESIGNS
HTTP://MY CROCHET CREATIONS.BLOGSPOT.COM

Scientists in Kochi develop natural remedy for obesity from seaweeds

Indian marine scientists have developed a "natural remedy" from seaweeds for treating obesity and dyslipidemia, a Government-controlled marine research institute said today.
 
The product--CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract (CadalminTM ACe)-- is the only one "made by 100 per cent natural marine bioactive ingredients from seaweeds as a natural remedy of obesity and dyslipidemia," according to Scientists at the Kochi headquartered Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.

The product will be released by Governor P Sadhasivam during the inaugural function of the Platinum Jubilee celebration of CMFRI on Saturday here, the institute said in a release.

CMFRI scientists prepared the extract from seaweeds which are commonly available in Indian coastal waters and are natural bounty of the sea and are known for their extraordinary medicinal properties, it said.

Dr Kajal Chakraborty, Senior Scientist in Marine Biotechnology Division of CMFRI, who developed the product, said bioactive pharmacophore leads from seaweeds were used to prepare the nutraceutical product.

"CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract can be administered to regulate clinical indicators leading to dyslipidemia or obesity, total adipose tissue and visceral fat, triglycerides, cholesterol, both good and bad, known as HDL and LDL," Chakraborty said.

The product contains 100 per cent natural marine bioactive ingredients from selected seaweeds by a patented technology, and would be made available in 400 mg capsules, the scientist said.

"The nutraceutical does not have any side effects as established by detailed preclinical trials. CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract is the only product made by 100 per cent natural marine bioactive ingredients from seaweeds as a natural remedy of obesity and dyslipidemia, as far as our knowledge goes," Chakraborty added.

Dr P Vijayagopal, Head, Marine Biotechnology Division, said the active ingredients in the product would be packed in plant-based capsules to meet the dietary needs of the large vegetarian population in India and abroad. "CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract has a promising consumer appeal, and market potential especially for the large vegetarian population in India and abroad," he said. "...The product is being out-licensed to a pharmaceutical company," he said.

CadalminTM Antihypercholesterolemic extract is the fourth in the series of the nutraceutical products developed by the CMFRI. Two anti-arthritic and one anti-diabetic nutraceutical products are the other three products developed by the institute in the past.

All these technologies have been commercialized through pharmaceutical companies. Dr A Gopalakrishnan, Director of CMFRI, said the institute is in the process of developing more health products from the underutilized seaweeds.

"The CMFRI is also in the process of standardizing and promoting seaweed farming all along the Indian coasts as a livelihood option for the coastal communities. This is expected to compensate for the dip in income for the fishermen during lean seasons," Gopalakrishnan said.

 this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations
https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes 
https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement