New artificial intelligence software can detect bowel cancer tumours

The quest to detect cancer before it grows deadly has taken another step forward.

A new endoscopic system powered by artificial intelligence (AI) has today been shown to automatically identify colorectal adenomas during colonoscopy. The system, has recently been tested in one of the first prospective trials of AI-assisted endoscopy in a clinical setting, with the results presented today.

The new computer-aided diagnostic system uses an endocytoscopic image - a 500-fold magnified view of a colorectal polyp - to analyse approximately 300 features of the polyp after applying narrow-band imaging (NBI) mode or staining with methylene blue.

The system compares the features of each polyp against more than 30,000 endocytoscopic images that were used for machine learning, allowing it to predict the lesion pathology in less than a second. Preliminary studies demonstrated the feasibility of using such a system to classify colorectal polyps, however, until today, no prospective studies have been reported.

The prospective study, involved 250 men and women in whom colorectal polyps had been detected using endocytoscopy. The AI-assisted system was used to predict the pathology of each polyp and those predictions were compared with the pathological report obtained from the final resected specimens.

Overall, 306 polyps were assessed real-time by using the AI-assisted system, providing a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 79%, accuracy of 86%, and positive and negative predictive values of 79% and 93% respectively, in identifying neoplastic changes.

The researcher explained that the most remarkable breakthrough with this system is that artificial intelligence enables real-time optical biopsy of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy, regardless of the endoscopists' skill. This allows the complete resection of adenomatous polyps and prevents unnecessary polypectomy of non-neoplastic polyps.

"We believe these results are acceptable for clinical application and our immediate goal is to obtain regulatory approval for the diagnostic system", researcher added.

Moving forwards, the research team is now undertaking a multicentre study for this purpose and the team are also working on developing an automatic polyp detection system. "Precise on-site identification of adenomas during colonoscopy contributes to the complete resection of neoplastic lesions" said the researcher. "This is thought to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer and, ultimately, cancer-related death."

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Antibiotic 'link to bowel cancer precursor'

People who take antibiotics for a long time are more likely to develop growths on the bowel which can be a precursor to cancer, a study suggests. 

Researchers say this adds to emerging evidence that the diversity of bugs in the gut could have role in the development of tumours.
Their paper appears in the journal Gut.

But experts warn that the early results need further investigation and say people should not stop taking antibiotics.

'Hostile bugs'

Bowel polyps - small growths on the lining of bowel - are common, affecting 15%-20% of the UK population. 

In most cases, they do not cause any symptoms and do not become cancerous but some go on to develop into cancers if left untreated.
In this study, researchers looked at data from 16,600 nurses who were taking part in a long-term US trial called the Nurses' Health Study.

They found that nurses who had taken antibiotics for two months or more, between the ages of 20 and 39, were more likely to be diagnosed with particular types of bowel polyps - known as adenomas - in later life, compared wtih people who had not taken long-term antibiotics in their 20s and 30s. 

And women who had taken antibiotics for two months or more in their 40s and 50s were even more likely to be diagnosed with an adenoma decades later. 

But the study does not look at how many polyps went on to become cancerous.

The authors say their research cannot prove that antibiotics lead to the development of cancer and acknowledge that the bacteria which the drugs are deployed to treat might also play an important role. 

But they say there is a "plausible biological explanation" for the patterns seen. 

Writing in the journal they said: "Antibiotics fundamentally alter the gut microbiome, by curbing the diversity and number of bacteria, and reducing the resistance to hostile bugs."

"This might all have a crucial role in the development of bowel cancer, added to which the bugs that require antibiotics may induce inflammation, which is a known risk for the development of bowel cancer."

They added: "The findings if confirmed by other studies, suggest the potential need to limit the use of antibiotics and sources of inflammation that may drive tumour formation."

'Slight and variable'

Meanwhile, Dr Sheena Cruickshank, am immunology expert at the University of Manchester, said anything that disturbs our gut bacteria, such as changes in diet, inflammation or antibiotic use, could potentially have an impact on our health.

But she said it was difficult to tease out whether other factors - like diet - could be more deeply involved in the current study.

She added: "This study's findings imply that any risk is very slight and also quite variable. 

"Whilst the data adds to our growing knowledge of the importance of the gut bacteria to our health, I would be concerned about advising people to avoid using antibiotics. 

"Antibiotics are crucial medicines for treating bacterial infections and, if prescribed and used appropriately, can be life-saving."

What increases the chance of getting bowel cancer?
A diet high in red or processed meats and low in fibre can increase the risk, according to NHS Choices. 

NHS experts also say bowel cancer is more common in people who are overweight or obese and people who are inactive. 

Drinking a lot of alcohol and smoking also increase the chance of getting cancer of the bowel.

And people who have bowel cancer in the family can also be at higher risk. 

What about people taking long-term antibiotics?
Dr Jasmine Just, health information officer at the charity Cancer Research UK told the BBC: "This research is at a very early stage so it is too early to draw definitive conclusions. 

"People who are prescribed antibiotics by medical professionals should continue taking them and discuss any concerns with their doctor." 

Meanwhile Dr Cruickshank added that a prescribed course of antibiotics - which can be life-saving in some circumstances - should not be stopped without expert guidance. 

How great are the risks?
Experts say it is difficult to be sure of exact risks for individuals from this paper. That's because the paper looks at precursors of cancer, not cancer itself. 

The risk of bowel cancer can depend on many things- a family history of bowel cancer, diet, alcohol and smoking all play a part.
Interpreting the results, Dr Cruickshank describes any potential increased risk is "very slight and very variable."

Meanwhile Dr Just, said: "It is not possible to be sure of cause and effect from this paper. We are still one step away from being able to suggest either way whether there is an increased risk.
"But this is very interesting research that builds on other studies looking at how the microbes in the bowel affect our health."

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SALT AS MEDICINE

• According to Russian folklore, drinking vodka mixed with salt is great for curing a nasty bout of food poisoning. If you don't drink alcohol, drink a few glasses of well-salted water, and then try to regurgitate it (This is NOT an alternative to medical treatment!).
• In case of a cold, drink a bit of vodka with salt.
• If your blood pressure is down, quickly drink a very salty glass of water.
• A good way to increase the amount of stomach acids for digestion: 5-30 minutes after eating, put 1-2 grams of sea or cooking salt on the tip of your tongue. After the salt melts, swallow the salty saliva in your mouth. Such a small amount of salt won't harm you, but will cause an extra release of stomach acids.
• Salt is a great disinfectant - If you clean wounds with salt water soaked materials, they won't become inflamed.
• Granulomas of the tooth will be gone after two weeks of being cleaned with salt water.
• For a tooth ache - rinse your mouth with salt water after every meal and before going to sleep.
• For pneumonia and strong coughing, place a wash cloth soaked in salt water on the back of the person, on the area of the infection.
• • Adenomas can be treated by holding down a cotton wash cloth folded to four layers and soaked in salt water for two weeks.
  • Salt helps in treating acne and boils. Place a little salt on a bandage and put it on the infected area for an hour. You can repeat the process a few times a day.
  • When you have bruises, put a compress of salt and vinegar on it. It is also a useful way to treat headaches.
  • To treat varicose veins, use a compress of salt water on the problematic vein, and on that, an elastic bandage. If you do this regularly, morning and evening, the veins will slowly return to normal.
  • To treat foot fungus, soak your feet for 5-10 minutes in a mixture of two tablespoons of salt for every 0.5 liters of hot water. You can add some ground garlic to the mix. Repeat until fully healed.
  • After getting stung by a bee, smear a bit of wet salt on the stung area - it will calm down the pain and the swelling.
  • If you want smooth, healthy skin, rub your body with a salt stone before showering. In addition to a cosmetic treatment, you will also gain a medical benefit while ions of salt penetrate the skin and energize the body.
  • A salt massage also helps to treat low blood pressure, chronic digestive problems, diabetes, and regular colds. That said, there are also possible NEGATIVE side effects, namely open wounds on the skin, rashes or bouts of eczema.
   
  this is only for your information, kindly take the advice of your doctor for medicines, exercises and so on.
  https://gscrochetdesigns.blogspot.com. one can see my crochet creations
  https://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com. feel free to view for easy, simple and healthy recipes
  

  https://kneereplacement-stickclub.blogspot.com. for info on knee replacement

Some medicinal uses of salt, other than seasoning !

THIS IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION, ALWAYS CONSULT YOU PHYSICIAN BEFORE HAVING ANY PARTICULAR FOOD/ MEDICATION/EXERCISE/OTHER REMEDIES.

PS- THOSE INTERESTED IN RECIPES ARE FREE TO VIEW MY BLOG-
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FOR INFO ABOUT KNEE REPLACEMENT, YOU CAN VIEW MY BLOG

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 There is a great Russian folk medicine: In case of food poisoning, drink vodka with salt. If you don't drink alcohol, drink a few glasses of well-salted water, and then try to vomit it out. (This is NOT an alternative to medical treatment!)

 

* In case of a cold, drink a bit of vodka with salt.

 

* If your blood pressure is down, quickly drink a very salty glass of lime water.

 

* A good way to increase the amount of stomach acids for digestion: 5-30 minutes after eating, put 1-2 grams of sea- or cooking-salt at the edge of your tongue. After the salt melts, swallow the salty saliva in your mouth. Such a small amount of salt won't harm you but will cause an extra release of stomach acids.

 

* Salt is a great disinfectant - If you clean wounds with salt water soaked materials, they won't become inflamed.

 

* Granulomas of the tooth will be gone after 2 weeks of being cleaned with salt water.

 For a tooth ache - Wash your mouth with salt water after every meal and before going to sleep.

 

* For pneumonia and strong coughing, place a wash cloth soaked in salt water on the back of the person, on the area of the infection.

 

* Adenomas can be treated by holding down a cotton wash cloth folded to four layers and soaked in salt water for 2 weeks.

 

* Salt helps in treating acne and boils. Place a little salt on a bandage and put it on the infected area for an hour. You can repeat the process a few times a day.

 

* When you have bruises, put a compress of salt and vinegar on it . It is also a useful way to treat headaches.

 

* To treat varicose veins, use a compress of salt water on the problematic vein, and on that, an elastic bandage. If you do this regularly, morning and evening, the veins will slowly return to normal.

 

* To treat foot fungus, soak your feet for 5-10 minutes in a mixture of 2 tablespoons of salt for every 0.5 liters of hot water. You can add some ground garlic to the mix. Repeat until fully healed.

 

* After getting stung by a bee, smear a bit of wet salt on the stung area, it will calm down the pain and the swelling.

 

* If you want smooth, healthy skin, rub your body with a salt stone before showering. In addition to a cosmetic treatment, you will also gain a medical benefit while ions of salt penetrate the skin and energize the body.

 

* A salt massage also helps to treat low blood pressure, chronic digestive problems, diabetes, and regular colds. That said there are also NEGATIVE side effects: Open wounds on the skin, rash or Eczema are possible.