This diabetes drug could let you live past 120

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Clinical trials have started for a miracle drug that could help us live into their 120s.
The Food and Drug Administration in America has given the green light to the trials of cheap drug metformin, which is used to treat people with type 2 diabetes, on older people, the Daily Express reported.
The pill's developers hope that it could one day wipe out diseases like Alzheimer's and that they can slow down the ageing process in humans, making those in their 70s as healthy a 50-year-old.
"If you target an ageing process and you slow down ageing then you slow down all the diseases and pathology of ageing as well," said ageing expert Prof Gordon Lithgow, of the Buck Institute for Research on Ageing in California, and one of the study advisers.
Researchers have already proven that the diabetes drug metformin extends the life of animals. Now experts want to see if the same effects can be replicated in humans.
Last year researchers at Cardiff University found that when patients with diabetes were given the drug they lived longer than others without the condition, even though they should have died eight years earlier on average.
The trials are expected to take five to seven years. The drug will aim to attack the process of ageing, rather than individual diseases, one of the project's members, Stuart Jay Olshansky, has explained.

Aspirin component holds promise for treating Alzheimer's

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 A component of aspirin can block a cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, a new study says.

Aspirin binds to an enzyme called GAPDH which is believed to play a major role in neurodegenerative diseases.

"The enzyme GAPDH, long thought to function solely in glucose metabolism, is now known to participate in intra-cellular signaling," said study co-author Solomon Snyder, professor of neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore.

"The new study establishes that GAPDH is a target for salicylate drugs related to aspirin and hence may be relevant to the therapeutic actions of such drugs," he noted.

The salicylic acid is the primary breakdown product of aspirin.

"A better understanding of how salicylic acid and its derivatives regulate the activities of the key protein can lead to the development of new and better salicylic acid-based treatments of a wide variety of devastating diseases," Klessig explained.

"A better understanding of how salicylic acid and its derivatives regulate the activities of GAPDH and HMGB1, coupled with the discovery of much more potent synthetic and natural derivatives of salicylic acid, provide great promise for the development of new and better salicylic acid-based treatments of a wide variety of prevalent, devastating diseases," said Klessig.

The study appeared in the journal PLOS ONE.

3D MRI can spot stroke risk in diabetic patients

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 People with diabetes may be harbouring advanced vascular disease that could increase their risk of stroke, researchers warn.

The findings suggest that arterial imaging with 3D MRI could be useful in helping to determine stroke risk among diabetics.

The carotid arteries are vessels on each side of the neck that supply oxygenated blood to the head.

Narrowing of the carotid arteries is associated with risk of stroke but less is known about stroke risk in people with little or no narrowing of these arteries.

For the new study, the team used 3D MRI to study the carotid arteries for evidence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), an indicator of advanced atherosclerotic disease.

"A recent analysis has shown that people with carotid artery narrowing and IPH have a five- to six-times higher risk of stroke in the near future compared to people without," explained study author Tishan Maraj, imaging analyst at Sunnybrook Research Institute in Toronto.

Dr. Maraj and colleagues focused their study on people with diabetes.

Of the 159 patients imaged, 37 (23.3 percent) had IPH in at least one carotid artery.

Five of the 37 patients had IPH in both carotid arteries.

IPH was found in the absence of carotid artery narrowing and was associated with an increased carotid artery wall volume as measured by 3D MRI.

"It was surprising that so many diabetic patients had this feature. So perhaps IPH is an early indicator of stroke risk that should be followed up," Dr Maraj added.

Although there is no treatment for IPH at this time, Dr Maraj said identification of it may help with risk stratification and could even have applications in the non-diabetic population.

"Even though you can't treat IPH, you can monitor patients a lot more closely," he concluded.

The new research will be presented next week at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
  

Loneliness Sets Off Cellular Changes That Cause Illness And Early Death

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A groundbreaking study confirmed, for the first time, that loneliness triggers biological changes that make people ill. Loneliness disrupts production of white blood cells by triggering the "fight or flight" response. It also increases the activity of genes responsible for inflammation and lowers the activity of genes accountable to fighting off illness.

Researchers from the University of California and University of Chicago found that lonely people's immune responses is less effective compared to non-lonely people. In comparison, lonely people also have increased body inflammation. They also feel threatened in a social manner, which affects their health tremendously.

"Perceived social isolation is a risk factor for chronic illness and all-cause mortality but the molecular mechanisms remain ill understood. In humans, loneliness involves an implicit hyper-vigilance for social threat," said John Capitanio from the University of California.

The researchers analyzed the effect of loneliness in humans and a highly social type of primate species, the rhesus macaque. A past research involving the two species found a link between loneliness and a biological phenomenon called conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA). The phenomenon's identifying factors are the increased activity in genes responsible for inflammation and decreased activity in genes responsible for antiviral reactions.

The cumulative findings showed that loneliness affects the "fight or flight" response, which then increases production of immature monocytes in the blood. High levels of monocytes increases the activity of inflammatory genes. Increased monocytes' presence in the blood lowers the activity of genes responsible for fighting off viruses and bacteria. The blood of lonely macaques and humans showed high levels of monocytes. Monkeys who were continually thrusted into slightly stressful situations such as new and unfamiliar cage-mates showed increased levels of monocytes.

Loneliness activates "danger signals" in the brain which disrupts healthy production of white blood cells. Heightened monocyte production may intensify loneliness and influence health risks.

The next disturbing effect they found is the increased levels of norepinephrine, the "fight or flight" neurotransmitter, in lonely macaques. Past research explained that norepinephrine triggers bone marrow's blood stem cells to create more immature monocytes. The increased production of immature monocytes explained the heightened CTRA activity in the white blood cell pool.

They also discovered that loneliness can predict CTRA activity one year or further into the future and vice versa. The findings were definite to loneliness and are not connected to other forms of dangers like stress and depression.

The research team is pushing forward to discover how loneliness can lead to poor health conditions and how it can be intercepted in senior adults.

The study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.

Probiotics

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 Like omega 3 - probiotics are not technically vitamins or minerals, but they are an essential requirement, playing a key role in keeping the gut healthy and your weight down. Probiotics also lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes and stroke. Probiotics can be found in some dairy and fermented soy products like seitan, however, foods typically won't contain as many strains as a supplement. See, each strain comes with its own benefit - some are used to help control weight, and others to prevent diarrhea. You also won't be able to get them in foods that are cooked or heated.