Menopause symptoms ---may increase cardiovascular disease risk

Menopause, associated with frequent and severe symptoms such as sleep disturbance, hot flashes and depression, may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), a study says. The study found that menopause transition is marked with a number of adverse health effects, including hot flashes and depression to vascular aging, which is typically seen as artery stiffening and endothelial dysfunction.

In this study, the frequency, but not severity, of hot flashes was specifically associated with greater arterial stiffening and reduced endothelial function.

“Perimenopausal and early menopausal women are more vulnerable to increased risk of cardiovascular disease,” said a researcher.

“With fluctuating and then declining estrogen during the menopause transition, it is important to monitor mood, blood pressure, lipids, blood sugars, and body composition because of the increased risk of abdominal fat.

“Healthy eating and exercise are encouraged, with individualised discussion about benefits and risks of hormone therapy,” the Dr. added.

For the findings, published in the journal, the team examined 138 menopausal women for the association of mood, symptoms, and quality of life measures with the key markers of vascular aging, a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease.

In addition, across the stages of menopause, arterial stiffening and vascular dysfunction were associated with more frequent and severe menopause symptoms and a lower quality of life.
No association, however, was found with depressive symptoms.

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Hot flashes may predict the risk of heart disease in pre-menopausal women

Hot flashes in women at the pre-menopausal stages may signal emerging vascular dysfunction that can lead to heart disease, claims a new study.

Hot flashes — a sudden feeling of feverish heat, typically as a symptom of menopause — have already been shown to interfere with a woman’s overall quality of life.

The condition is reported by 70% of women, with approximately one-third of them describing them as frequent or severe. 

“Hot flashes are not just a nuisance. They have been linked to cardiovascular, bone, and brain health,” said JoAnn Pinkerton, Executive Director of North American Menopause Society — a US-based nonprofit organisation. 

The findings, published in the journal Menopause, showed that hot flashes, linked to cardiovascular changes, occur early during the menopause transition.

Newer data indicate that hot flashes often start earlier than previously thought — possibly during the late reproductive years — and persist for a decade or more, the researchers said.

For the study, the team involved 272 non-smoking women aged 40 to 60 years to test the relationship between physiologically assessed hot flashes and endothelial cell (the inner lining of the blood vessels) function. 

The effect of hot flashes on the ability of blood vessels to dilate was documented only in the younger fertile of women in the sample.
There was no association observed in the older women (age 54-60 years), indicating that early occurring hot flashes may be those most relevant to heart disease risk. 

“Physiologically assessed hot flashes and endothelial function among midlife women,” may offer valuable information for healthcare providers working to assess the risk of heart disease in their menopausal patients, Pinkerton said.

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A 10-minute walk break can reverse vascular dysfunction

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 By breaking up desk time with a short 10-minute walk, you can offset the harm that prolonged sitting causes to vascular health, suggests new research. 

 

"Our study found that when you sit for six straight hours, or the majority of an eight-hour work day, blood flow to your legs is greatly reduced," said lead author of the study Jaume Padilla, assistant professor of nutrition and exercise physiology at University of Missouri School of Medicine in the US.

"We also found that just 10 minutes of walking after sitting for an extended time reversed the detrimental consequences," Padilla noted.

During the study, the researchers compared the vascular function of 11 healthy young men before and after a period of prolonged sitting.

The findings indicated that blood flow in the popliteal -- an artery in the lower leg -- was greatly reduced after sitting at a desk for six hours.

Researchers then had the participants take a short walk, and found that 10 minutes of self-paced walking could restore the impaired vascular function and improve blood flow.

"When you have decreased blood flow, the friction of the flowing blood on the artery wall, called shear stress, is also reduced," Padilla said.

"Moderate levels of shear stress are good for arterial health, whereas low levels of shear stress appear to be detrimental and reduce the ability of the artery to dilate. Dilation is a sign of vascular health. The more the artery can dilate and respond to stimuli, the healthier it is," Padilla noted.

The findings appeared in the journal Experimental Physiology.

Reducing physical activity hampers vascular function

A new research shows that reducing daily physical activity for even a few days leads to decrease in the functioning of inner lining of blood vessels in legs of young people.

The vascular dysfunction induced by five days of inactivity requires more than one day of returning to physical activity and taking at least 10,000 steps a day to improve.

"We know the negative consequences from not engaging in physical activity can be reversed," said Paul Fadel, associate professor of medical pharmacology and physiology at University of Missouri School of Medicine.

Inactivity is typically going to make people overweight and obese.

"The next step after that is insulin resistance which leads to Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease," Fadel said.

"The best treatment is to become more active, and our research lends proof to that concept," Fadel added.

The researchers studied the early effects on the body's blood vessels when someone transitions from high daily physical activity -- 10,000 or more steps per day -- to low daily physical activity, less than 5,000 steps per day.

For several years, Fadel and Thyfault have studied inactivity and glycemic control as well as how inactivity affects blood flow and vascular function through the body.

"These studies are proof we need to get people to understand their activity every day plays a role in their health, and that their health is not simply a matter of body weight and how they look in the mirror," John Thyfault, associate professor at University of Missouri School of Medicine, said.

The study appeared in the Journal of Applied Physiology.

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