Why some people remain lean and others obese

Researchers have said that becoming obese or remaining lean can depend on the dynamics of the mitochondria, the body's energy-producing "battery."

Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles that generate and maintain proper energy levels in complex organisms. Using animal models, the  research team studied mitochondria in different populations of brain cells known to be involved in the regulation of appetite.

The team found that during the transition from a fasting to an over-fed state, mitochondria in neurons that promote hunger show dynamic changes that are the opposite of those found in neurons that control feelings of fullness.

Lead author  said that they have found that mitochondrion need to have ongoing dynamic plasticity in order to support neurons, which are necessary for appetite and for the maintenance of life.

He asserted that if these dynamic events - during which the mitochondria fuse to become more effective in generating energy - are disrupted, mitochondria become static, appetite-stimulating neurons become less active, and animals do not develop obesity when exposed to high-fat, high-calorie diets.

The co-lead author said these same cellular events have different consequences in neurons that promote feelings of fullness. 

The study showed that similar molecular drivers control mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions and related stress. If the cellular events are disrupted in these mitochondria, animals become morbidly obese.

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

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Now, diabetic therapy from abdominal fats

Good news for patients suffering from diabetes as IKDRC claims to be the first to discover insulin producing genes in abdominal fat.

Institute of Kidney Diseases & Research Centre (IKDRC) claims to have successfully used stem-cells to bring down dependence of type-I diabetics on insulin.

The institute has claimed to be the first to discover insulin producing cells in abdominal fat and use it in stem-cell therapy to bring down patient’s dependence on insulin. A paper regarding the same was presented by the research team of IKDRC — led by its director Dr HL Trivedi at the 12th International Congress of Cell Transplantation Society at Milan, Italy.

Speaking about the discovery, Dr Trivedi said that the team experimented with fat from the abdomen. 

“We found three genes that were identical to the genes that produce insulin in pancreas. What were the genes doing in the abdominal fat was a question. But more important was that we managed to use them in stem-cell therapy to reduce diabetics dependence on insulin,” said Dr Trivedi. 

He, however, clarified that so far the use of stem-cell has only helped reduced the dependence of diabetics on insulin and not in eliminating it. “In future we may be able to achieve that too,” said Dr Trivedi. 

Associate professor in regenerative medicine and stem-cell therapy Dr Umang Thakkar, who presented the paper on use of stem-cell in type-I diabetes, said 20 patients were taken for the study. 

“Ten of them had stem cells from abdominal fat of a donor while the remaining used cells from their own body fat. The latter group showed better response because your body tends to accept its own cells rather than from a donor. 45% reduction in insulin dependence was registered in the group that used its own body fat while it was 35% for the other group. The mean age of the group was 20 years,” said Dr Thakkar. 

He said another encouraging factor was that in the group that used stem-cells from its own body fat there were no instances of ketoacidosis — a condition common among diabetics in which there is sudden spurt in blood sugar level accompanied by breathlessness. All the patients in the study group were type-I diabetics.

ps- this is only for information, always consult you physician before having any particular food/ medication/exercise/other remedies.

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http://gseasyrecipes.blogspot.com/

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