Saturday, January 11, 2020

Study reveals 95% satisfaction rate with Mohs surgery

According to a recent study, patients who received Mohs surgery to treat the most serious form of skin cancer, melanoma, reported a 95 % long-term satisfaction rate with their results.

The study is the 1st to poll patients satisfaction for Mohs surgery. The findings complement previous scientific studies that found Mohs surgery is as effective as wide local excision for early melanomas, says the Dr. Srivastava. She says her caseload of Mohs surgeries for melanoma has doubled in that time.


Patient satisfaction is becoming such an important part of medicine these days, so we wanted to look to see what we can do to get patients more satisfied with the care that they're getting for their skin cancer treatment. That's a big area of interest for a lot of the sub-specialties, she says.


More people are diagnosed with skin cancer each year in the U.S. than all other cancers combined, but how they attack their cancer is wildly different. We're working to determine what treatments garner the highest satisfaction to better inform guidelines and decision-making, she says.


Named after the late Frederic Mohs, Mohs micrographic surgery is a highly precise excision technique in which the cancer is removed in stages, one tissue layer at a time. After each removal step, the layer is examined under a microscope to determine whether cancer remains in the patient's skin and, if present, where exactly it is located so that the surgeon can pinpoint where to remove the remaining skin cancer. This allows for the smallest scar and best cosmetic result.


You're looking at 100 % of the margin under the microscope, she says. You''re really tracking cancer out so you're giving people a great cure rate, and it's all done under local anesthetic so it's very safe.
UT Southern researchers surveyed 42 of its patients who underwent this technique. The majority of patients were white men with a mean age of 69. The highest percentage of U.S. patients diagnosed with melanoma are white men over age 55. Three-quarters of the tumours were located on the face. The remaining were on the scalp, extremities and neck.


This small survey suggests patients are finding that the long-term benefits of excision with 100 % margin control using Mohs surgery greatly outweigh any potential perceived inconvenience. At UT Southwestern, dermatological surgeons also provide immediate local tissue reconstruction, using advanced reconstruction techniques to diminish the appearance of scars.


Mohs surgery has a nearly 99% cure rate for early melanoma and results in minimal scarring, Patients follow up with their dermatologists every 3 months for 2 years post-surgery.


Dermatologists expect the need for Mohs surgery to increase as the baby boomer population ages. The surgery can also be used to remove basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma which are the 2 most common types of skin cancers.


Once you've one melanoma, you're at risk for more. It's a marker that you've had a lot of sun exposure in your life, she says.


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Sunday, May 19, 2019

Novel microscope can non-invasively diagnose, treat diseases

Scientists have developed a specialised microscope that has the potential to diagnose diseases like skin cancer as well as perform precise surgery without making any incisions in the skin. According to the study, the microscope allows medical professionals to pinpoint the exact location of an abnormality, diagnose it and treat it instantly.

"Our technology allows us to scan tissue quickly, and when we see a suspicious or abnormal cell structure, we can perform ultra-precise surgery and selectively treat the unwanted or diseased structure within the tissue -- without cutting into the skin," said a researcher.


It could be used to treat any structure of the body that can be reached by light and requires extremely precise treatment, including nerves or blood vessels in the skin, eye, brain or other vital structures, researchers said.

"For diagnosing and scanning diseases like skin cancer, this could be revolutionary," said a Prof.

The study shows that the device allows imaging of living tissue up to about one millimetre in depth using an ultrafast infrared laser beam.

Researchers said that this microscope, however, is different from previous technology due to its capability to not only digitally scan living tissue, but also treat the tissue by intensifying the heat produced by the laser.

"We can alter the pathway of blood vessels without impacting any of the surrounding vessels or tissues," said the Prof.

The researchers also said that their aim is to make multiphoton microscope technology more versatile while also increasing its precision.

"We wanted to be able to identify what was happening under the skin from many different angles and to have the capability of imaging different body sites," said a Prof.

Developments of a miniature version of the telescope that could be used to perform microscopic examinations and treatment during endoscopy are also underway, researchers said.

"We are not only the first to achieve fast video-rate imaging that enables clinical applications, but also the first to develop this technology for therapeutic uses," said the Prof.


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Thursday, April 04, 2019

Artificial Intelligence can help treat brain tumours

Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence-based (AI) method for analysis of brain tumours, paving the way for individualised treatment of tumours.

According to the study, AI machine learning methods, carefully trained on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are more reliable and precise than established radiological methods in the treatment of gliomas.

Glioma, a type of tumour that occurs in the brain and spinal cord, is common and most malignant of brain tumours in adults.

“With this study, we were able to demonstrate the potential of artificial neural networks in radiological diagnostics,” said a researcher.
 
For the study, the team included 500 brain tumour patients. Using a reference database with MRI scans of patients, the algorithms automatically recognised and localised brain tumours using artificial neural networks.

The algorithms were also enabled to volumetrically measure the individual areas (contrast medium-absorbing tumour portion, peritumoral edema).

“We want to advance the technology for automated high-throughput analysis of medical image data and transfer it not only to brain tumours but also to other diseases like brain metastases or multiple sclerosis,” said a researcher.

Glioma tumours often cannot be completely removed by surgery. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy are only effective to a limited extent because tumours are highly resistant. Therefore, new and precisely validated treatment approaches are urgently needed, the team noted.

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Sunday, March 25, 2018

Stroke recovery treatment: new technology found

A new stretchable electronics has been found for stroke recovery treatment which has proven to be a game changer. A groundbreaking new wearable designed to be worn on the throat could have been developed in the field of stroke rehabilitation in the Northwestern University. The new technology’s sensor is the latest growing portfolio of stretchable electronics that are precise enough for use in advanced medical care and portable enough to be worn outside the hospital, even during extreme exercise.

The sensors stick directly to the skin, moving with the body and providing detailed health metrics including heart function, muscle activity, and quality of sleep. “Stretchable electronics allow us to see what is going on inside patients’ bodies at a level traditional wearables simply cannot achieve”, he said. “The key is to make them as integrated as possible with the human body.”

The new bandage-like throat sensor measured patients’ swallowing ability and patterns of speech.
The sensors aid in the diagnosis and treatment of aphasia, a communication disorder associated with stroke.

The tools that speech-language pathologists have traditionally used to monitor patients’ speech function – such as microphones – cannot distinguish between patients’ voices and ambient noise.
“Our sensors solve that problem by measuring vibrations of the vocal chords”, he said. “But they only work when worn directly on the throat, which is a very sensitive area of the skin. We developed novel materials for this sensor that bend and stretch with the body, minimizing discomfort to patients”.

A research hospital  collaborated with the scientist for the research, used the throat sensor in conjunction with electronic biosensors – also developed in his lab – on the legs, arms and chest to monitor stroke patients' recovery progress.

The intermodal system of sensors streamed data wirelessly to clinicians’ phones and computers, providing a quantitative, full-body picture of patients’ advanced physical, and physiological responses in real time.

“One of the biggest problems we face with stroke patients is that their gains tend to drop off when they leave the hospital”, said  a research scientist. “With the home monitoring enabled by these sensors, we can intervene at the right time, which could lead to better, faster recoveries for patients”.
Because the sensors are wireless, they eliminated barriers posed by traditional health monitoring devices in clinical settings.

Data from the sensors would be presented in a dashboard that is easy for both clinicians and patients to understand. It would send alerts when patients are under-performing on a certain metric and would allow them to set and track progress toward their goals.         
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