Any Amount of Alcohol During Pregnancy Can Affect Baby

A new review has revealed that consuming alcohol at any point during pregnancy can lead to poorer brain function in newborns.

The study, ‘Evidence of detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on offspring birth weight and neurodevelopment from a systematic review of quasi experimental studies’ was published in the International Journal of Epidemiology.

Researchers at the University of Bristol compared 23 published studies on drinking during pregnancy and analyzed them in the review.

It was found that drinking alcohol in any trimester can affect the baby, in many cases leading to lower birth weight and poorer cognitive functioning.

According to a report by Daily Mail, the group tried to compare similar groups of people, who were only different in terms of exposure to alcohol during pregnancy. In earlier studies, research was conducted through ‘observational’ studies only, where participants were already exposed to a risk factor and researchers did not alter this.

Hence, this was the first time that results from different study designs were compared in relation to the effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Speaking to Daily Mail, study lead Dr Luisa Zuccolo, from the University of Bristol, said that their work confirmed the current scientific consensus which says “consuming alcohol during pregnancy can affect one's child's cognitive abilities later in life, including their education”.

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Prenatal exposure to chemicals alters infants' brain activity

Pregnant mothers who are subjected to chemicals are at risk of delivering kids with poor cognition and behavioural problems. A new study in this regard has found that this exposure can harm and alter the infants' brain activity in the womb.

Researchers in this study used functional near-infrared imaging (NIRS) to monitor blood flow in the brains of 95 teenagers born and raised m where agricultural spraying of pesticides is common.

They found that these teenagers estimated to have higher levels of prenatal exposure to organophosphates ( commonly used class of pesticides in the US) and showed altered brain activity while performing taks that require executive control as compared to their peers.

These results are compelling because they support what we've seen with our neuropsychological testing, which os that organophosphates impact the brain, said the lead author.

Researchers ised fNIRS to measure brain activation while teens were between the age of 15-17, engaged in a variety of tasks requiring executive function, attention, social cognition and language comprehension.

fMRI uses infrared light to monitor blood flow in the outer regions or cortex, of the brain.

They also found that teens with higher prenatal organophosphate exposure had less blood flow to the frontal cortex when engaged in tasks that test cognitive flexibility and visual working memory and that they had more blood flow to the parietal and temporal lobes during tests of linguistic working memory.

With fNIRS and other neuroimaging, we're seeing more directly the potential impact of oragnophosphate exposure on the brain and it may be more sensitive to neurological deficit than cognitive testing, said the senior author of the study.

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Spicy food linked with memory decline

Think twice before adding that extra kick of chili sauce or chopped jalapeno to your meal as researchers have found that a spicy diet could be linked to dementia.

According to the research involving 4,582 Chinese adults aged over 55, evidence of faster cognitive decline was found in those who consistently ate more than 50 grams of chili per day. Memory decline was even more significant if the chili lovers were slim.
 

The study showed that those who consumed in excess of 50 grams of chili a day had almost double the risk of memory decline and poor cognition.

“Chili consumption was found to be beneficial for body weight and blood pressure in our previous studies. However, in this study, we found adverse effects on cognition among older adults,” said the lead author of the study.

Chili intake included both fresh and dried chili peppers but not sweet capsicum or black pepper.

According to the researchers, capsaicin is the active component in chili which reportedly speeds up metabolism, fat loss and inhibits vascular disorders but this is the first longitudinal study to investigate the association between chili intake and cognitive function.

Those who ate a lot of chili had a lower income and body mass index (BMI) and were more physically active compared to non-consumers.

People of normal body weight may be more sensitive to chili intake than overweight people, hence the impact on memory and weight, said the researchers.

“Chili consumption has been linked previously to weight and blood pressure control. Capsaicin is the active ingredient which helps in energy expenditure and fat oxidation

However, a new Chinese study says long term consumption of Chili more than 50 grams per day may have a significant impact on the memory,” said a Consultant –Neurology specialist.

“So if you like chilies keep their quantity less than 50 grams per day till the time further studies are conducted to validate the new research,” he added.

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